Read Tears in the Darkness Online
Authors: Michael Norman
Our agent, Esther Newberg, has stood by us through decades of failure and a few, brief moments of success. John Glusman, our initial editor, helped shape the book in its early stages before moving on. Ann King was our first and most faithful reader. Senior editor Paul Elie of Farrar, Straus and Giroux took the completed manuscript and applied
to it his considerable skill and craftsmanship for a final draft and polish. Georgia Cool shepherded the manuscript through to print.
We wrote this book for our sons, who are mentioned in the dedication, and for our late fathers, Jack Dempsey and Bernie Goldman, both combat veterans of World War II in Europe. We come from large extended families, ranks and files of brothers and sisters and cousins and in-laws, and we thank all of them (notably the newest, our daughter-in-law, Rachel Cahn Norman) for their loyalty, patience, and love.
Â
Â
Â
Â
Â
Abo-Abo River,
214
Abucay,
195â97
“active defense” strategy,
42
Agoo,
48
Aguinaldo, Emilio,
40
Alangan River,
145
,
146â47
,
149
Amaterasu,
22
amebiasis,
335
ammunition,
46
,
66
,
77
,
84
,
96
,
100
,
151
; Japanese shortages of,
85
,
89
,
99
Angeles,
76
Aoya,
77
Araki, Sadao,
101
Arisan Maru,
305â308
Army, Japanese,
see
Japanese Imperial Army
Army, Philippine,
see
Philippine Commonwealth Army
Army, U.S.,
9
,
41
,
42
,
345
,
350
; enlistee report of,
39
;
esprit de corps
vs.
esprit étroit
in,
39
; Japanese invasion and,
43â51
; MacArthur made commander of Far East forces of,
17
; Philippines withdrawal of,
3
,
42
,
49â51
,
58â60
; in POW plan,
411
n; in Quinauan Point battle,
98â105
; in second battle for Bataan,
136â50
;
see also
31st Infantry, U.S.
Army Air Corps, U.S.,
63
,
252
,
333
,
389
; basic training in,
10â11
; Filipino expectations of,
46â47
; in MacArthur's plan,
43
; mechanics of,
246â47
; Philippine headquarters of,
21
; Steele's enlisting in,
5
,
9
,
218
; withdrawal and,
49â50
;
see also
Clark Field
;
19th Bombardment Group
;
Provisional Air Corps Infantry
Army Air Force Regional and Convalescent Hospital,
339
Army and Navy Club,
15
Army Department, U.S.,
392
Army General Staff College, Japanese,
347
Army War Crimes Investigation Detachment,
354
Arnold, Henry H.,
21
art, artists,
159â60
; Steele as professor of,
6
,
392â93
,
395
; Steele's education in,
387â91
Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis,
82
Ashton, Paul,
182
,
258â65
; as fighting man,
258â59
; at Tayabas Road site,
259â65
,
415n
Aspevig, Clyde,
395
Atimonan,
249
Australia,
280
,
344
; convoy rumor and,
114
,
116
,
122
; MacArthur in,
125
,
234
,
344
Â
B-17 bombers,
16
,
21
,
26â27
,
31
,
43
,
125
Baguio,
401n
Balanga,
168
,
177
,
187â88
,
193
,
199
,
202
,
203
,
362
,
371
,
411n
; chaos in,
188
; feeding station at,
412n
; field hospital in,
412n
; holding pens in,
188â90
,
230
Baldassarre, James,
186
,
362â64
bananas, banana plants,
182
,
194
,
285
Bank, Burt,
191
Basiad River,
249
,
250
,
254
,
256â57
,
260
,
264
,
415n
Bataan Death March,
4â5
,
167â202
,
224
,
269
,
270
,
282
,
291
,
337
; ad hoc operations in,
188
; buzzard squads (“cleanup” crews) in,
180
,
186
,
199
; comradeship in,
172
; conformity efforts in,
183â84
; dying during sleep in,
190â91
; falling by the wayside in,
171
,
174â75
,
180
; food and,
174
,
182â83
,
184
,
187â88
,
190
,
196
,
197
,
412n
; Homma's ignorance about,
344
,
346
,
349
,
370
; Homma trial and,
361â64
,
366
,
369â72
,
375â76
,
380
; kith and kin along the road of,
195â97
; as misnomer,
168
; officers forty or fifty years old in,
186â87
; in POW plan,
411n
; press coverage of,
344
,
345â46
; refugees along the road of,
193â95
; rumors and expressions of hope in,
169
,
187
; shootings in,
179
,
180
,
181
,
187
,
193
,
376
; stage one of,
168â73
,
411n
; Steele's drawings of,
295
; struggle against despair in,
172â73
; water and,
174
,
176â80
,
190
,
193
,
195â98
,
295
,
395
,
412n
; wounded Filipino soldiers in,
171â72
,
180
Bataan peninsula,
3â5
,
58â67
,
71â77
,
83â96
,
98â107
,
111â29
,
298
,
310
,
313
; Allied failed counterattack in,
144
; Allied food problem in,
114â23
; Allied morale problems in,
115
,
121
,
122
,
128
,
144
; Allied surrender in,
4
,
146
,
147
,
149â56
,
161â63
,
166
,
167
,
172
,
194
,
195
,
206
,
213
; Allied withdrawal to,
3
,
42
,
49
,
58â63
,
115
; blockade plan for,
72
; bombing of,
63
,
128
,
134
,
139
,
140
,
142â43
,
147â48
,
151
,
171
,
194
; as brutal battlefield,
71â72
; defense lines in,
67
,
90
,
127â29
,
141â47
,
149
; defense plans for,
60
; disease in,
89
,
113
,
118
,
119â20
,
142
,
161
,
189
,
190â92
,
194
,
202
,
205
; East-West Road in,
90
,
91
,
138
,
139
,
188
; field hospitals in,
146
,
149
,
171
,
180
,
258
,
412n
; Filipino flight in,
143
; front in,
66â67
; guard duty on,
63
,
67
; Japanese attack in,
72â74
,
76â77
,
83â96
,
98â105
,
111â13
; Japanese casualties in,
85
,
86â87
,
99â100
,
112â14
; Japanese infiltrators in,
87â88
; Japanese wounded in,
100
; jungle in,
94â95
,
99
,
102
,
138
,
143
; MacArthur's visit to,
122
; Old National Road in,
see
Old National Road
; POW evacuation plan for,
162â63
; Quinauan Point battle in,
98â105
,
113
; second battle for,
134â50
,
154
,
372
,
408n
; as staging area for Corregidor invasion,
162â63
; surrender party in,
150â54
; tactical problem in,
83
; Trail
8
in,
202â203
; U.S.-Filipino troop estimates in,
72
,
76
,
83â84
; U.S. rumor mill in,
114
,
116
; Wainwright's visit to,
143â44
; west coast of,
91â96
; West Road in,
91
,
92
,
95
“Bataan stew,”
117
Baxter General Hospital,
334â37
bayonets,
175â76
,
208
,
210
,
213
,
365
,
376
beatings,
365
; in Bicol peninsula,
254
,
256
,
257
; at Bilibid Prison,
285
,
288
; of escapees,
286
,
287
; of food thieves,
324â25
; of Japanese conscripts,
78â79
,
97â98
; of Japanese guards,
177
; of local people,
197
; of POWs,
158
,
164
,
166â67
,
170â71
,
175
,
177
,
182
,
185
,
193
,
197
,
376
Beecher, Curtis T.,
294
,
310â16
,
417n
beheadings,
166
,
179
,
287
,
289
,
362
Bell, Don,
19
Bent, Lois,
395
beriberi,
228
,
229
,
263
,
335
; at Bilibid Prison,
265
,
269
,
272
,
276
,
294
; types of,
272
Berlin, bombing of,
291
Bicol peninsula,
249â65
; jungle of,
249
,
250
,
251
; road building in,
see
Old Tayabas Road
Bigelow, Frank,
19
Bilibid Prison,
169
,
266â97
,
312
,
387
,
389
; beatings at,
285
,
288
; burials at,
272
; description of,
266â67
; engineers in,
278
; food at,
265
,
268â72
,
274â77
,
281
,
284
; POW hospital in,
258
,
265
,
267â85
,
290
,
292
,
294â96
,
308
,
337
; roll call at,
270
; rumors at,
279â80
; special prisoners at,
285â90
; Steele's drawing at,
276â79
,
295â96
; Steele's return to,
296â97
; Steele's views on,
284
; store of,
285
; U.S. liberation of,
327
Billings, Mont.,
8
,
130â31
,
218
,
243â45
,
277
,
291
,
333
,
338
,
390
,
392â98
; Deaconess Hospital in,
396â98
; Eastern Montana College in,
392â93
; Elmo Club in,
386
; Steele's postwar return to,
340â41
,
386
,
387
; Steele's wedding in,
387
Billings Municipal Airport,
9
Bilyeu, Dick,
327