Spies and Commissars: The Bolshevik Revolution and the West (66 page)

43
. J. Noulens,
Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919
, vol. 1, p. 178; J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 367: letter to A. Thomas, 28 May 1918; V. Fić,
The Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion
, pp. 5–8, 10–13 and 41–3.

44
. W. Hard,
Raymond Robins’ Own Story
, pp. 202–3.

45
. G. Swain, ‘“An Interesting and Plausible Proposal”: Bruce Lockhart, Sidney Reilly and the Latvian Riflemen, Russia 1918’,
Intelligence and National Security
, no. 3 (1999), p. 83.

46
. C. Kinvig,
Churchill’s Crusade
, p. 13.

47
. Sovnarkom meeting, 20 July 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

48
. Sovnarkom meeting, 22 January 1918 (NS):
ibid
., d. 1.

49
. V. I. Lenin,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 36, p. 324.

50
.
The Times
, 8 March 1918.

51
. L. de Robien,
The Diary of a Diplomat in Russia
, p. 252.

52
. R. Vaucher,
L’Enfer bolchévik à Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur
rouge
, pp. 208–9.

53
. J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 319: letter to A. Thomas, 26 April 1918.

54
. R. Vaucher,
L’Enfer bolchévik à Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur
rouge
, p. 209.

55
. J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 319: letter to A. Thomas, 26 April 1918.

56
.
Ibid
., p. 322: letter to A. Thomas, 27 April 1918.

57
.
Ibid.
, p. 365: letter to A. Thomas, 27 May 1918.

58
. Sovnarkom meeting, 25 June 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

59
.
Pravda
, 27 April 1918.

60
. Sovnarkom meeting, 4 April 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 1.

61
. R. Vaucher,
L’Enfer bolchévik à Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur rouge
, p. 273; G. V. Chicherin,
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva
goda
, pp. 18–19;
New York Times
, 6 July 1918.

62
. J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 313: letter to A. Thomas, 16 April 1918.

63
.
Ibid
.

64
.
Ibid.
, p. 325: letter to A. Thomas, 28 April 1918.

65
. R. Vaucher,
L’Enfer bolchévik à Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur
rouge
, p. 35.

66
.
Ibid
., p. 157.

11. Revolts and Murders

1
.
Krasnaya kniga VChK
, vol. 2, pp. 38–9.

2
. W. G. Rosenberg,
Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921
, pp. 316–20.

3
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 1 November 1918: National Archives, FO 371/3337/9828, pp. 8–9.

4
. J. Noulens,
Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919
, vol. 1, p. 178; J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 367: letter to A. Thomas, 28 May 1918.

5
. V. Fić,
The Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion
, pp. 206, 242, 262, 307–8 and 313.

6
. National Archvies, FO 371/3324/107587, cited in B. Pearce,
How Haig Saved Lenin
, p. 44.

7
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 7 November 1918: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 12.

8
. Z. A. Zeman,
Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry
, pp. 130 and 137; M. Occleshaw,
Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917–20
, pp. 130–3.

9
. J. Noulens,
Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919
, vol. 1, pp. 132–3, and vol. 2, pp. 120–1.

10
. Sovnarkom meeting, 11 February 1918 (NS): GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 1.

11
. Sovnarkom meeting, 9 March 1918:
ibid
.

12
.
Ibid.

13
. Sovnarkom meeting, 2 May 1918:
ibid.

14
. Trotsky’s 1935 diary in L. Trotskii,
Dnevniki i pis’ma
, p. 102.

15
. Sovnarkom meeting, 17 July 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

16
. A. A. Ioffe, ‘N. Lenin i nasha vneshnyaya politika’ (dated 20 October 1927), APRF, f. 31, op. 1, d. 4, p. 216.

17
.
Ibid
.

18
. Enquiries to Lenin at the Eighth Party Congress, March 1919: RGASPI, f. 5, op. 2, d. 2, p. 5.

19
. G. V. Chicherin,
Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva goda
, pp. 18–19.

20
. M. Ustinov, ‘Svoevremennye mysli’, in S. Rudakov (ed.),
Vokrug moskovskikh sobytii
, p. 10.

21
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, pp. 202–3.

22
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow), 10 and 26 May: Milner Papers, dep. 364, fol. 288, and dep. 365, fol. 47.

23
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow), 16 May 1918:
ibid
., dep. 364; R. Bruce Lockhart and A. Kerensky, ‘Ordeal by Oratory’ (draft; n.d.), p. 5: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 5, folder 7.

24
. Notes taken by Robin Bruce Lockhart from George Hill’s account, p. 5:
ibid.
, box 11, folder 1.

25
. George Hill’s answer to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire, p. 6:
ibid.
, box 11, folder 1; Ya. Peters, ‘Protokol pokazanii Ksenofontova Kalamatiano, on zhe Serpovskii’, in
Arkhiv VChK. Sbornik dokumentov
, p. 512.

26
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

27
. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow) 17 May 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 142, fol. 4; see also dep. 365, fols 171–2.

28
. Lockhart’s telegram, 26 May 1918: National Archives, FO 371/3332/9748.

29
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

30
. F. Grenard,
La Révolution russe
, p. 322.

31
.
Krasnaya kniga VChK
, vol. 1, pp. 166–7.

32
. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’,
Pravda
, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

33
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, p. 207.

34
. F. Grenard,
La Révolution russe
, p. 321.

35
. J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 405: letter to A. Thomas, 10 July 1918.

36
. A. A. Ioffe to the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, copied to Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and Zinoviev, June 1918: N. Ioffe,
Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe
, pp. 65–6.

37
. Sovnarkom, 15 July 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

38
. J. Sadoul,
Notes sur la révolution bolchévique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919
, p. 405: letter to A. Thomas, 10 July 1918.

39
. G. A. Hill,
Go Spy the Land
, pp. 210–11.

40
. V. I. Lenin,
Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891–1922
, p. 229.

41
.
Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 – February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919
, p. 947; J. Noulens,
Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919
, vol. 2, p. 146.

42
. J. Noulens,
Mon ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919
, vol. 2, p. 148.

43
.
Ibid
., p. 149.

44
. D. R. Francis,
Russia from the American Embassy, April 1916–November 1918
, pp. 248 and 250.

45
.
Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary,
United States Senate
, pp. 949–50.

46
.
Ibid
., p. 948.

47
. W. Hard,
Raymond Robins’ Own Story
, p. 191; R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 13 May 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 365, fol. 2.

12. Subverting the Allies

1
. Most notably in
The State and Revolution
: see
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 33.

2
. I. S. Rozental’,
Provokator. Roman Malinovskii: sud’ba i vremya
, pp. 198–207.

3
. M. Occleshaw,
Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917–20
, pp. 93–4; C. Andrew,
Secret Service: The Making of the British
Intelligence Community
, pp. 261–2.

4
. G. Nowik,
Zanim zlamano „Enigm
”
.
Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewick
Rosj
1918–1920
, pp. 866–9.