Smuggler Nation (83 page)

Nicaragua,
283

Nixon, Richard, war on drugs,
273
–77

Nogales, Az.,
218
,
220
,
301
–02,
303
,
310

Non-Importation Act (1811),
80

Non-Intercourse Act (1809),
80
,
374
n
3

Norfolk, Va.,
167
,
168
–69,
237

Noriega, Manuel,
286

Norman’s Cay, Bahamas,
279
–80

North American Aerospace Defense Command,
286

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),
291
,
296
,
317
,
318

North Carolina,
76
,
132
,
363
n
13

North Dakota,
124

North, Douglas,
68

North, Lord,
39
–40

Northrop Grumman,
324

Northwest Ordinance,
209
–10

Northwest Territory,
209

Nova Scotia,
57
,
368
n
74,
372
n
60

Nutt, Levi,
265

Nuxoll, Elizabeth Miles,
367
n
55

Obama, Barack,
323
,
325
,
331

obscene materials

Comstock’s antivice crusade,
193
–202,
194
,
195

congressional acts regulating,
192
,
193

erotic books,
192
,
194
,
195
,
396
n
18

erotic photographs,
192
–93,
194
,
195

import prohibitions,
191
,
192

See also
contraceptives; pornography

Ochoa, Victor,
294

Office of Strategic Services, (OSS),
270

Okrent, Daniel,
236
,
406
n
64

Oliver, Peter,
32

Olmstead, Roy,
247
,
249

Olney, Jeremiah,
64
,
79

Ontario,
150

Operation Gatekeeper,
302
–03,
304

Operation Hard Line,
319

Operation Hold-the-Line,
302
,
303

Operation Intercept,
275

Operation Intercept II,
311

Operation Rio Grande,
303
–04

Operation Safeguard,
303

opium

China’s ban,
254
,
258
,
272

criminalization of,
9
,
253

fortunes made in,
66
,
357
n
3

legality in early
20
th century,
254

Mexican production of,
308

smuggling by British into China,
9
,
66
,
254
,
258

smuggling by U.S. into China,
66
,
254

U.S. regulation of,
257
–59

waning popularity,
264

Oregon,
281

Otis, James,
32

Ottawa tribe,
126

Pacific Mail Steamship Company,
214

Page Act (1875),
212
–13

Pakistan,
276
,
347

Panama,
286

Pancho Villa,
294

Parke Davis Company,
254

Parsinnen, Terry,
266

Passamaquoddy Bay,
76
–77,
80

Passport Act (1918),
222
,
342
,
402
n
72

passports,
222
,
342
,
402
n
72

See also
immigration control

Patent Board,
102

Paterson, Samuel,
106

Pawtucket, R.I.,
5
,
109

Paxton, Charles,
37

Peabody, Joseph,
51
,
66
,
69

Pearce, William,
108

Pembroke, Lord,
59
–60

Pennsylvania,
23
–24,
48
,
57
,
106
,
118

Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and the Useful Arts,
101
,
104

Penn, William,
228

Pentagon,
285
–86,
314

Perkins, Clifford,
214
,
222
,
402
n
68,
402
n
70

Perkins, Thomas H.,
66

Phelps, Dodge and Company,
179

Philadelphia, Pa.

antismuggling association,
64
–65

British crackdown on smuggling,
39

colonial era,
13
,
26
,
39
,
118
,
228

drug trade,
263

during Revolutionary War,
52
,
57
,
59

Haitian Revolution,
71

McGregor’s invasion,
146

pharmaceutical companies,
263

technology smuggling,
101
,
103
,
104
,
105

Philip Morris,
336
,
421
n
14

Philippines,
258

Pichon, Louis,
71
,
72

Pirate Act (1777),
51

pirates.
See
War of 1812

pisadores
,
x

Pitt, William,
23
,
26

Plains Indians,
292

Plumer, William,
72

Pollock, Oliver,
48

Pontiac (Native American),
117

pornography

illicit trade in,
191
,
195
–97

profit margins,
197

protectionism of,
192

U.S. Mail distribution,
192
–93,
197

See also
obscene materials

Portland, Me.,
141

Portugal,
134

Posse Comitatus Act,
282

Potawatomi tribe,
126

Prairie du Chien,
126

Prince, Carl,
173

privateering

during Revolutionary War,
5
,
50
–56,
349

during Seven Years’ War,
22
–23,
27

during War of 1812,
83
,
88

merchants as,
51
–53

Proffitt, George,
141

Prohibition

alcohol access during,
233
–34,
235

and antivice crusade,
261

corruption and lawlessness,
235
,
241
–43,
248
,
340

Eighteenth Amendment,
227
,
229
–30,
248

enforcement,
230
–35

fortune-seekers,
246
–48,
406
n
85–86

images,
231
,
232
,
237

Jones Act of 1929,
234
,
404
n
29

precipitating events,
229

repeal,
248
,
341

role of Border Patrol,
224
,
226

role of Coast Guard,
231
,
237
,
239
–43

slang terms,
248
–49

smuggling through Atlantic seaboard,
235
–43,
237

smuggling through Canada,
243
–48

transformation of law enforcement,
239
–40,
247
,
248
,
249
,
294
–95

transformation of smuggling in,
227
–28,
241
–43

See also
Nassau, Bahamas

Prohibition Bureau,
231
–32,
260
,
265

See also
U.S. Treasury Department

prostitution,
202
,
205

See also
“white slave trade”

Protect Intellectual Property Act,
344
–45

protectionism.
See
Gilded Age

Providence, R.I.

American Revolution,
50

colonial era,
38
–39,
40
,
353

and Embargo Act,
79

Gilded Age,
189

shipbuilding,
141

See also
Brown, John; Rhode Island

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906),
257

purity crusaders,
191
,
229
,
340

See also
contraceptives; pornography; “white slave trade”

Purple Gang,
244

Pursell, Carroll,
102
,
377
n
6,
378
n
18,
378
n
19

Quasi-War of 1798–1800,
69

Quintero, Rafael Caro,
312

Randolph, Beverly,
101

Randolph, Edward,
16

Rao, Gautham,
73
,
358
n
7

Raytheon,
324

Reagan, Ronald,
281
–82

Reasons, Charles,
408
n
28

Red Scare (1919–1920),
261

Report on Manufactures
,
99
–101,
100
,
107

Republicans,
74
,
77
,
85
,
87
,
96

Rhode Island

antislave laws,
136
–37

cocaine distribution,
354

colonial era,
1
–2,
17
,
23
,
24
–25,
26
–27,
33
–34,
36
,
38
–40,
353

and Embargo Act,
79

flags-of-truce permits,
23
,
24
–25

and French and Indian War,
26
–27

Gaspee
Affair,
1
–2,
39
–40,
40
,
41

and Prohibition,
241

protectionist era,
178
,
189

and Revolutionary War,
52

rum trade,
19
–20,
36
,
80
,
354

slave trafficking,
136
–37,
355

textile industry,
109
–10,
354

and War of 1812,
87
–88

See also
Brown University;
specific towns
Roberts, Curley,
219

Robertson, Pat,
341

Rockefeller, John D., Jr.,
234

Roderigue Hortalez and Company,
48

Rogers, Robert,
24
–25

Rolfe, John,
14

Romero, Robert Chao,
399
n
13

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,
254

Roosevelt, Theodore,
258

Root, Elihu,
221
,
259

Rorabaugh, W.J.,
122
,
228

Rothstein, Arnold,
263
–65,
270

Rowe, James,
38

Royal Navy,
31
,
33
–35,
43

rum

colonial distilleries,
15
,
19
–21

fur-for-rum trade,
6
,
9
,
115
–25,
116
,
129
,
227

prohibitions against selling to Indians,
19
,
115
,
116
–18,
119

role in westward expansion,
119

Rum Row

New Orleans,
237

New York,
237
–38,
241

Russell, Jonathan,
138

Russell, W.H.,
155

Ruxton, George Frederick,
127

Saginaw Chippewa treaty,
126

Saiville, James,
39

Salem, Mass.,
38
,
141
,
172

Salinas de Gortari, Carlos,
312
,
313
,
314
,
315
,
316

salt trade,
59

Sam, Charlie,
222
,
402
n
68

San Diego, Ca.

border enforcement,
301
,
302
–03

illegal immigrants,
300

migrant smuggling cases,
307

San Fernando de Monte Cristi,
25
–26

San Francisco, Calif.,
182
,
214
,
215
,
257
–58,
270
,
273

Sanger, Margaret,
200
,
202

Santa Anna, Antonio López de,
148

Santa Fe Trail,
123

Sarna, Jonathan,
169

Savannah, Ga.,
146
,
237

Schlesinger, Arthur,
17

Schmid (Schmidt), Julius,
200
,
201

Schultz, Dutch,
242

Schuyler, Philip,
50

Scott, Winfield,
158

Seagrams,
248

search-and-seizure rules,
249
,
342

Sears, Roebuck and Co.,
199
,
254