Smuggler Nation (80 page)

Edemsor, Thomas,
105

Edwards, Monroe,
148

Eighteenth Amendment,
227
,
229
–30,
248

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
297

Ekelund, Robert B., Jr.,
389
n
33

Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain,
236

Ellery, William,
137
,
138

Elleter, A.W.,
170

Ellsworth, E.A.,
126

El Paso, Tx.

arms smuggling,
294

border enforcement,
302
–03,
322

illegal immigration,
219
,
221
,
222
,
223

Eltis, David,
385
n
55

Embargo Act (1807–09)

embargo busting,
74
–79

enforcement,
78
,
79

intent,
74
–75

political cartoon,
75

political legacy,
80
–81

repeal,
75
,
79

resistance and backlash,
67
,
73
,
74
–79,
349
,
371
n
51,
371
n
54

Enemy Trade Act (1812),
83

Enemy Trade Act (1815),
83

Enforcement Act (1809),
78
–79

Escobar, Pablo,
279
,
279
,
280
,
287
,
289

Europe

cocaine imports,
289

illicit drug imports,
263
–64

See also
European immigrants;
specific countries

European immigrants

across U.S.-Mexico border,
222
–23,
225

limits and quotas on,
222
,
226

See also
immigration control

Ezell, Uberto,
199

Fairburn, William Armstrong,
365
n
17

Fannin, James W.,
148

Fauquier, Francis,
24

Fay, Larry,
246
–47,
406
n
86

Federal Aviation Administration,
288

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
206
,
248
,
287
,
288
,
322
,
344

See also
Hoover, J. Edgar

Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN)

antidrug campaigns,
266
–67

corruption,
266

dismantling of,
266

establishment,
265

and heroin smuggling,
271

informants and undercover operations,
266

leadership,
249
,
265
–67,
274

linking drugs to communism,
272
–73

merger into Bureau of Narcotics,
275

surveillance during war years,
270
–71,
409
n
57

Federalists,
72
,
80
,
87
,
96

Fehrenbacher, Don,
142
–43,
384
n
10,
384
n
26

Feinstein, Andrew,
421
n
16

Fenner, James,
79

Fernandina, Fl.,
146

Ferrand, Louis,
73

Fillmore, Millard,
142
,
152

flags-of-truce permits,
23
–25

Florida (Spain),
75
,
76
,
145
–47

See also
Amelia Island

Florida (State)

cocaine trafficking,
280
–81,
292
,
309
,
310
,
313
,
335

during Prohibition,
243

and Embargo Act,
77
–78

marijuana smuggling,
277
,
281

Florida Purchase,
147

Ford, Henry,
244

Fort Leavenworth,
127
,
128

Fort Union,
124

Fourth Amendment,
249
,
342

Fox, Vicente,
321

France

colonial trade with,
46

drug trade (French Connection),
271
–72

entry into American Revolution,
46
,
50
,
54

and Haitian Revolution,
71
–73

illicit provisioning by colonies,
22
–28,
348

privateering,
67
–69

and Prohibition,
245

smut importation from,
192

trade during American Revolution,
47
,
48
–50,
54
,
365
n
22,
365
n
26

U.S. treaty with (1778),
68

wars with Great Britain,
67
–69

See also
French and Indian War; French Revolution; Haiti; Martinique; Napoleonic Wars Franklin, Benjamin

alcohol use,
228

on British customs enforcement,
34
–35

during Revolutionary War,
48
,
52
,
54

on illegal migrants,
101

and Thomas Digges,
107

on treaty-signing tactics,
118
–19

free blacks,
146
,
148
,
150
–51

See also
fugitive slaves

free trade

and Britain,
16
,
112
,
178

and U.S.,
6
,
13
,
177
,
178
,
187
,
334

See also
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) French and Indian War,
22
–28

See also
Seven Years War

French Connection,
272
,
308
,
347

French Revolution,
67
–68

Friedman, Elizabeth Smith,
240

Fugitive Slave Act,
150
,
151
–53,
239

fugitive slaves,
131
,
147
,
148
–53,
239
,
292

See also
Fugitive Slave Act; slave trade

Fuller, Wayne,
192

fur trade.
See
Astor, John Jacob; Native Americans; Westward expansion Futrell, Robert F.,
390
n
45

Gage, Thomas,
43

Gallatin, Albert,
70
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
78
,
79
,
138

Galveston Island

Civil War era,
159
,
164

and Laffite brothers,
97
,
144
–45

Prohibition,
237

slave trade,
144
–45,
146
,
148

Gara, Larry,
149

Garcia Abrego, Juan,
316

Gaspee
Affair,
1
–2,
39
–40,
40
,
41

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,
296

George III, King of Great Britain,
31
,
43
,
44
,
78
,
209

Georgia

and Embargo Act,
77
–78

Revolutionary War,
48

slave trade,
145
,
146

German immigrants,
229

Gilded Age

book smuggling,
184
–85

consumerism,
183
–90

copyright piracy,
184
–85,
394
n
40

customhouses,
177
–83,
187
–89,
187
,
188

smuggling,
183
–90,
393
n
33–34

tariff enforcement,
177
–90

timeframe,
177

wealthy smugglers,
189
,
395
n
61

women smugglers,
184
,
185
–86,
384
n
46–47

Girard family,
66

Girard, Stephen,
357
n
3

Gladwin, Henry,
117

Glen, James,
119

globalization.
See
illicit globalization

Glover, Joshua,
152

Golden Rock,
56

See also
St. Eustatius

Golden Triangle,
276

Goldman Sachs,
355
,
424
n
8

Gone With the Wind
(Mitchell),
164

Goodrich, John,
173

Goodyear, Charles,
197
,
199

Google,
344
,
345

Gootenberg, Paul,
411
n
92,
416
n
45

Gordon, George,
168
–69

Gordon, Nathaniel,
135
,
139

Goss, John Dean,
182

GPS tracking devices,
342

Gracie, Archibald,
69

Grant, Jesse,
169

Grant, Ulysses S.,
158
,
169
–70,
179

Gray, William,
69

Great Britain

Civil War neutrality,
156
–57

Civil War smuggling.
See
Civil War

contraband commerce across English Channel,
16
,
59
–60

and Embargo Act,
77

French and Indian War,
31

19th-century shift to free trade,
177
–78

and Prohibition,
236
,
241
,
242
,
245

treaty with U.S. (1783),
68

wars with France,
67
–69

See also
American colonies; American Revolution; Bermuda; British trade laws; French and Indian War; Industrial Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Nassau, Bahamas; Seven Years War; slave trade; textile industry (British); War of 1812

Great Depression,
248
,
267
,
296
,
341

Great Recession,
326
–27,
355

Greek immigrants,
221

Greene, Nathanael,
52

Grenada,
54

Grenville, George,
31
,
103

Grimes, Senator,
171

Groesbeck, Alex,
245

Gross, Simon,
18

Guatemala, child trafficking,
337

Guaymas, Mexico,
218

Gulf of Mexico

after War of 1812,
97

pirate-smugglers,
89
,
97

slave trade,
144

See also
Barataria Bay; Galveston Island; Laffite, Jean; Laffite, Pierre; New Orleans, La.

Gutierrez Rebollo, Jesus,
317

Hackmeister, Ralph,
406
n
85

Haeger, John D.,
382
n
42

Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict,
338

Hague, Joseph,
104

Haines, William,
195

Haislip, Gene,
x

Haiti

Haitian Revolution,
71
–73,
132

U.S. trade with,
71
–73

Hamilton, Alexander

and artisan smuggling,
106
,
107

encouragement of intellectual piracy,
5
,
99
–100,
101
,
108

on privateer trade,
68

Report on Manufactures
,
99
–100,
100
,
107

on revenue raising,
63
,
64
,
369
n
2

Hamilton, Charles S.,
168

Hamilton, James,
23
–24

Hammond, George,
103

Hampton, Wade,
88

Hancock, David,
362
n
1

Hancock, John

Declaration of Independence,
5
,
44
,
239

smuggling,
5
,
239
,
364
n
44

trial,
37
–38

Hancock, Thomas,
18
,
21

Haqqani, Jalaluddin,
347

Haqqani network,
347

Harding, Warren G.,
233

Hardy, Charles,
22

Hargreaves, James,
102

Harrison, Benjamin,
218

Harrison, Francis Burton,
259

Harrison Narcotics Act,
259
–60,
261
–62,
267
,
268
,
269
,
274
,
409
n
47

Hatton, John,
39

Haynes, Roy,
230

Hearst, William Randolph,
234

heroin

legality in early
20
th century,
254
–56,
255

linking to communism,
272
–73

production,
271
–72,
276
,
289
,
308
,
312
,
328
,
336

profits,
274

smuggling into U.S.,
262
,
263
,
264
,
271
,
289

U.S. crackdowns,
263
,
272