Singing to the Plants: A Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon (77 page)

46. Hillman, 1975, p. 136.

47. Adams, 1997, PP. 104-105.

48. Hillman, 1975, p. xvi.

49. Hillman, 1983a, p. 19.

50. Hillman, 1975, p. 12; emphasis removed.

51. Hillman, 1975, P. 13.

52. Calvo,198I/I995b, P. 175.

53. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, PP. 34, 54-55, 106-107.

54• Chevalier, 1982, p. 371.

55• Quoted in Narby, 1999, P. 31.

56. Quoted in Gebhart-Sayer, 1986, p. 196.

57. Hamsa, 2007-

58. Gow, 2001, p. 148-

59. Quoted in Dobkin de Rios & Rumrrill, 2008, p. 61.

CHAPTER 11

i. Luna, 1986c, p. 90.

2. Calvo, 198I/I995b, P.155.

3. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 21 n. 15.

4. Luna, 1984b.

5. See generally Luna, 1986c, pp. 90-94; Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 18 n. 12.

6. Luna, 1986c, p. 9i.

7. Sammarco & Palazzolo, 2002.

8. Tindall, 2008, p. 165.

9. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 88; the accompanying painting depicts curanderos
swallowing virotes made from these four types of palms.

io. For the use of spirit birds in sorcery among the Shuar, see Harner, 1973a, p. 21.

ii. The timelito is apparently a small shore bird, which I have been unable to identify.

12. Luna, 1984b, 1986c, pp. 90-92.

13. Bear, 2000, pp. 209-210.

14. Luna, 1986c, p. 92.

15. Luna, 1984b.

16. Panduro Vasquez, 2000, tracks 1-4.

17. Tindall, 2008, p. 218.

18. Luna, 1986c, p. 16o; Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 18 n. 12; Taussig, 1987, p. 408.

19. Perruchon, 2003, P. 247.

20. For a photograph of Florida Water on a Vodou altar in Brooklyn, see Turner, 1999,
p. 132.

21. See generally Yronwrode, 2003b, for a brief history of the commercial Florida
Water and Kananga Water, as well as recipes for making your own.

22. Luna, 1986c, p. 146 n. 88.

CHAPTER 12

i. For example, Luna, 1986c, p. 88.

2. Shanon, 2002, pp. 61, 116-117.

3. Schultes & Raffauf, 1992, P. 24.

4. Bear, 2000, pp. 135, 142. The term yara is often applied generically to mermaids.

5. Lagrou, 2004, pp. 257, 269 n. 9; see Saladin d'Anglure & Morin, 1998, p. 6o.

6. Muratorio, 1991, p. 182.

7. Muratorio, 1991, p. 257 n. 2.

8. Muratorio, 1991, pp. 184, 215.

9. Perruchon, 2003, P. 322.

,o. Descola, 1993/1996, P. 325.

11. Silva, 2004, P. 195.

CHAPTER 13

i. This distinction was first drawn byFabrega (1974) and Kleinman (1980).

2. Finkler, 1985/1994b, P. 5.

3. Good, 1994, P• 133-

4. Turner, 1984, p. 206.

5. Cassell, 1976, p. 48.

6. Garro & Mattingly, 2000, p. 9.

7. See Strathern & Stewart, 1999, P• 7•

8. Fora comparison between biomedicine and "sacred healing," see Finkler, 1994a.

9. Strathern & Stewart, 1999, P. 192.

10. Good, 1994, P. 24; emphasis added.

ii. Helman, 1985, P. 294.

12. Hahn, 1995, P. 14; or, again, sicknesses are "unwanted conditions of self, or
substantial threats of unwanted conditions of self" (p. 22).

13. Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 78; Hvalkof, 2004, p. 57; Kamppinen, 1990, 1997;
Perruchon, 2003, P. 233.

14. Perruchon, 2003, P. 233.

15. Bear, 2000, p. 212.

16. Luna, 1986c, p. 121; Perruchon, 2003, pp. 236-237.

17. Luna, 1986c, p. 121; Perruchon, 2003, Pp. 236-237.

18. Descola, 1993/1996, P. 330; Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 78, 1992, P. 51; Kamppinen, 1989, 1997; Luna, 1986c, p. 121; Perruchon, 2003, pp. 237-238; Teixera-Pinto,
2004, P. 239.

i9. Descola, 1993/1996, P. 330.

20. Perruchon, 2003, P. 233.

21. Perruchon, 2003, P. 239.

22. Descola, 1993/1996, PP. 330-331.

23. Quoted in Hvalkof, 2004, p. 210.

24. Bear, 2000, p. 212.

25. Young, 1983.

26. Foster & Anderson, 1978, PP. 53-70.

27. See generally the discussion in Helman, 1990, pp. 110-113-

28. See Whitehead, 2002, p. 69.

29. Carneiro, 1977, p. 222, quoted in Heckenberger, 2004, p. 187.

30. Chevalier, 1982, P. 377.

31. Buchillet, 2004, p. 112.

32. Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1975, p. loo.

33. Jackson, 1983, P. 198.

34. Goldman, 1979, p. 266.

35• Chaumeil, 1983/2000, pp. 251-252.

36. Mentore, 2004, PP. 142, 149.

37. Lagrou, 2004, P. 249.

38. Whitehead, 2002, p. 256 n. 20.

39. Langdon, 2004, p. 308.

40. Taussig, 1987, P. 394.

41. Buchillet, 2004, p. 117-

42. Buchillet, 2004, p. 117-

43. Saler, Horton, & Lothrop, 1970, p. 133.

44• Glass-Coffin, 2001, pp. 50-51; my translation.

45. Taussig, 1987, P. 393.

46. Taussig, 1987, P. 397.

47. Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 85.

48. Buchillet, 2004, p. 117; Charing, 2oo7c; Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 86.

49. Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 86.

50. Kamppinen, 1997, PP. 9-10.

51. Scott, 1990, PP. 143-144; seeJoralemon & Sharon, 1993, P. 264.

52. Perruchon, 2003, P. 259.

53. Heaven & Charing, 2006, pp. 142, 146.

54• Chevalier, 1982, P. 383; Perruchon, 2003, p. 256.

55• Chevalier, 1982, P. 378.

56. Luna, 1986c, p. 121 n. 70.

57. Duke & Vasquez, 1994, P. 47.

58. Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 86; Luna & Amaringo, 1993, Pp. 27, 108.

59. Charing, 2007c; Dobkin de Rios, 1972b, p. 86.

6o. Chaumeil, 1983/2000, p. 123.

61. Buchillet, 2004, p. 113; Jackson, 1983, p. 198.

62. Goldman, 1979, pp. 268-270.

63. Lagrou, 2004, p. 265.

64. Lagrou, 2004, P. 253.

65. Lagrou, 2004, P. 249.

66. Chevalier, 1982, P. 378.

67. Buchillet, 2004, pp. 115-116; Jackson, 1983, p. 198.

68. Scott, 1990, PP- 143-144-

69. Taussig, 1987, P. 394.

70- Buchillet, 2004, p. 116.

71. Taussig, 1987, PP. 393-394.

72. Lagrou, 2004, Pp. 253-254, 266-267.

73. See Heckenberger, 2004, pp. 179-180-

74. Wright, 2004, p. 87.

75. Charing, 2007a.

76. Lagrou, 2004, P. 253.

77. Gow, 2001, p. 149; Teixeira-Pinto, 2004, P. 239.

78. Pollock, 2004, p. 207-

79. Gow, 2001, p. 149-

8o. Siskind, 1973a, p. 167.

81. See, e.g., Fausto, 2004, PP. 158-159-

82. Reichel-Dolmatoff,1975, P. 44.

83. Goldman, 1979, P. 263.

84. See Buchillet, 2004, p. 117-

85. Pollock, 2004, p. 205.

86. Heckenberger, 2004, p. 180.

87. Gray, 1997, PP. 30,111.

88. Langdon, 2004, p. 307.

89. Descola, 1993/1996, P. 347.

9o. Perruchon, 2003, pp. 199-200, 227.

91. Teixera-Pinto, 2004, pp. 239-240.

92. Stewart& Strathern, 2004, pp. 12, 27-28.

93• Pollock, 2004, p. 206.

94. Finkler, 1985/I994b, P. 52.

95. Bear, 2000, p. 32.

96. Bear, 2000, p. 111.

97. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 25.

98. Buchillet, 2004, p. 119.

99. Teixera-Pinta, 2004, P. 239.

ioo. Gray, 1997, p. iii; Perruchon, 2003, pp. 199-200.

101. Perruchon, 2003, pp. 199-200.

102. Quoted in Rubenstein, 2002, p. 205.

103. See Whitehead, 2002, pp. 92-94.

104. Garcia, 2002, pp. 39-40.

105. Muratorio, 1991, P. 224.

106. Goldman, 1979, p. 266.

107. Muratorio, 1991, p. 224.

108. Garcia, 2002, p. 46.

109. Garcia, 2002, p. 46; Muratorio, 1991, P. 224.

110. Garcia, 2002, p. 46; Muratorio, 1991, P. 224.

iii. Muratorio, 1991, P. 225.

112. Garcia, 2002, p. 46.

CHAPTER 14

1. Muratorio, 1991, p. 222; see also Chibnik, 1994, PP. 91-92.

2. Taussig, 1987, p. 278.

3. Tanner, 2007.

4. Lewis, 1993, P• 194-

5. Desjarlais, 1996, pp. 151-152. An exception is Finkler (1985/1994b), who has
studied the outcomes of treatment by spiritualist healers in Mexico.

6. Kleinman & Kleinman, 1995, p. 96; see generally Kleinman, 1992/1995.

7. Kleinman, 19921995, P. 275 n. 17.

8. Scott, 1985, P• 348•

9. Kleinman, 19921995, P. 123.

1o. Kleinman, 19921995, Pp. 126, 134, 140.

ii. Lock & Scheper-Hughes, 1996, p. 67. On illness as resistance to unbearable life
situations, see also Brodwin, 1992; on illness as an expressed reaction to a previous physical attack-including domestic assaults-by another person, in some
cases years later, see Strathern & Stewart, 1999, PP- 97-98-

12. Kleinman, 19921995, PP. 144-146.

13. Elliott, 2000.

14. Hacking, 1995, 1998.

15. Rubel, O'Nell, & Collado-Ardon, 1984.

16. Helman, 1990, Pp. 235-236.

17. Good, 1994, P• 128.

18. Good, 1994, P• 128.

19. Sarbin, 1986, pp. 8, 19.

20. Ricoeur, 1983, P.177, 1983/1984, pp. 65, x, see also 1984/1985, p. 61.

21. Ricoeur, 1984/1985, p. 66.

22. Simms, 2003, p. 8o.

23. Todorov, 1968/1981, PP. 43-45.

24. Kirmayer, 2000, p. 172.

25. Ricoeur, 1981, p. 278.

26. Good, 1994, P• 121.

27. Good, 1994, p• 144-

28. Ricoeur, 1981, p. 278.

29. Csordas, 2002, p. 166; Frank, 1961/1974.

30. Eisenberg, 1981, P. 245.

31. Moerman, 1997, p. 251.

32. Brody, 1987.

33• Whitehead, 2002, p. 256 n. 20.

34. See also Helman, 1981, 1990, pp. 90-91.

35. Toralemon & Sharon, 1993, Pp. 211-213.

36. Calvo,198I/I995b, p. 139.

37. See Lock, 1988; Lock& Scheper-Hughes, 1996.

38. Joralemon & Sharon, 1993, p. 258.

39. For example, Muratorio, 1991, p. 222.

40. Calvo,198I/I995b, p. 140.

V. Taussig, 1987, P. 395-

CHAPTER 15

i. Eliade, 1951/1964, pp. 264-265, 269, 500. For critiques, see Balzer, 1997, p. xvi;
Harvey, 2003, p. 16; Noel, 1997, PP. 34-36; Smith, 1987, pp. 2, 122 n. 2.

2. Lagrou, 2004, p. 261.

3. Gow, 2001, p. 139-

4. In Hendricks, 1993, p. 290.

5. Brown, 1986, p. 62.

6. Lamb, 1985, p. 127.

7. Slawek, 2007-

8. Muratorio, 1991, Pp. 230-234.

9. Quoted in Dobkin de Rios & Rumrrill, 2008, p. 62.

10. See Luna, 1986c, p. 94.

ii. See, for example, Cebrian, 2005, p. 27.

12. Luna, 1984b.

13. Luna, 1986c, p. 94; Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 15.

14. Weiss, 1973, p• 44•

15. Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1975, p. 104.

16. Johnson, 2003, pp. 212, 215-216.

17. Whitten & Whitten, 2008, pp. 71, 78-79-

18. Chaumeil, 1983/2000, p. 69.

19. Perruchon, 2003, p. 196.

20. Deleage, n.d.; Valenzuela & Valera Rojas, 2005.

21. Descola, 1993/1996, PP. 344-345.

22. Muratoria, 1991, p. 184.

23. Muratorio, 1991, p. 213.

24. Muratorio, 1991, p. 185.

25. Muratorio, 1991, Pp. 230-234.

26. Jakobsen, 1999, P. 4; Shirokogoroff, 1935/1982, P. 274.

27. Harvey, 2003, P. 9.

28. Bowie, 2000, pp. 199-200.

29. Perruchon, 2003, p. 230.

30. Perruchon, 2003, PP. 189, 340.

31. Perruchon, 2003, pp. 227-228.

32. Brown, 1986, pp. 62, 64.

33. Fausto, 2004, pp. 161, 174 n. 8.

Descola, 1993/1996, P. 345.

35. Luna, 1984b.

36. See Luna, 1986c, p.133.

37. Luna, 1986c, p. 135.

38. Luna, 1986c, pp. 133-135-

39• Eliade, 1951/1964, p. 6; Humphrey& Onon,1996, p. 31; Vitebsky, 1995,
pp. 10-11, 2000, pp. 5 6-5 7.

40. Dodds, 1951, p. 88 n. 43.

41. Rouget, 1980/1985, PP. 18-19-

42. Harner, 1988b, p. 8; emphasis in original.

43. See, for example, Rouget, 1980/1985, P. 23.

44• Findeisen, 1957, P. 237; Reinhard, 1976; Siikala, 1992, pp. 11, 21;
see also Eliade, 1961, p. 155.

45. Jakobsen, 1999, P. 7.

46.Oppitz,1981.

47. For example, Hultkrantz, 1992, Pp. 19, 158.

48. Hultkrantz, 1996, p. 16.

49. Siikala, 1992, pp. 11, 21.

50. Anisimov, 1958, pp. 100-105-

51. Hutton, 2001, pp. 87-90.

CHAPTER 16

i. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 84 n. 133.

2. Slawek, 2007-

3. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 84 n. 133.

4. Brown, 1985, P. 378.

5. Slawek, 2007.

6. Cebrian, 2005, P. 57.

7. Sammarco & Palazzolo, 2002.

8. Slawek, 2007.

9. Slawek, 2007-

,o. Fock, 1963, pp. 123, 126; Sullivan, 1988, P. 403.

ii. Fock, 1963, p. 127; Sullivan, 1988, p. 403.

12. Brown, 1985, 1986, P. 57.

13. Reichel-Dolmatoff,1979/1997a.

14. Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1975, PP. 79, 90.

15. Chaumeil, 1983/2000, p. 123.

16. Baer & Snell, 1974, p. 69; Sullivan, 1988, p. 418.

17. Baer, 1992, pp. 86-87.

i8. Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 84 n. 133; Whitten, 1985, p. io9; Whitten
& Whitten, 2008, p. 66.

19. Whitten & Whitten, 2008, p. 6o.

CHAPTER 17

i. Quoted in Pendell, 2005, P. 145.

2. Hvalkof, 2004, p. 59.

3. Lenaerts, 2006.

4. Perruchon, 2003, P. 195.

5. Harper, 1971, p. 155.

6. Brown, 1986, p. 61; Descola, 1993/1996, P. 330.

7. Lagrou, 2004, P. 244; see Kensinger, 1973, p. 13 n. 6.

8. Ministerio de Salud del Peru, 2002; Tournon,1991.

9. Quoted in Luna & Amaringo, 1993, P. 18.

io. Vidal & Whitehead, 2004, p. 56.

ii. Buchillet, 1992, 2004, p. III.

12. Hvalkof, 2004, P. 59.

13. Reichel-Dolmatoff,1975, p. 81.

14. Wright, 2004, pp. 86-87.

15. Chevalier, 1982, P. 364.

16. Lagrou, 2004, pp. 249, 258.

17. Perruchon, 2003, pp. 245, 255; on mestizo use ofTarot cards for medical
diagnosis, see Dobkin de Rios, 1969, 1972b, pp. 88-91, 2oo6.

18. Perruchon, 2003, p. 177-

19. Luna, 1986c, p. io8.

20. See Buhner, 1996, p. 26, 2002, pp. 26, 32-33, 35.

21. Swerdlow, 2000, pp. 6-7; a very similar story is in Tindall, 2008, p. 254.