Sex & God: How Religion Distorts Sexuality (39 page)

A

abstinence,
182
,
191
,
226–229

abuse, child,
74
,
91–93
,
225
,
244

abuse, stopping,
93

acceptance,
272–273

accountability,
86–88

achievement,
122

Adam and Eve,
44
,
96
,
162

adolescents,
182
,
255–256

adultery,
57

afterlife,
161

agriculturalist culture

afterlife,
161

Christianity,
143

conflict with hunter-gatherer culture,
140

contrasted with Hadza culture,
133

contrasted with hunter-gatherer culture,
132

monogamy,
194

religion,
140

sexuality,
141

AIDS,
160
,
175

AIS (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome),
118

Alan Miller,
76

Albert Ellis,
264

Ali, Ayaan Hirsi,
66
,
71
,
153–154
,
166

Amanda Brown,
180

American culture,
260

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS),
118

anger, religiosity,
185

animal sexual behavior, compared to human,
38–39

animals,
96

Animists of the Sahel desert,
159

Anapohl, Deborah,
248

Ante-Nicene Fathers,
50
,
59
,
152

anxiety, teaching,
38

Apache culture,
145

Apostle's Creed,
55

Arius,
53

arranged marriage,
190–191

asexuality,
50
,
52
,
54–55

Ashcroft, John,
163

atheists,
243–244

attachment,
114
,
191
,
266

attraction,
108

Augustine,
58

Augustus,
143

Austin Cline,
174

authority, respect,
89–90

aversion, risk,
76–77

Ayaan Hirsi Ali,
66
,
71
,
153–154
,
166

B

baculum,
103
,
110

Bailey, J. Michael,
216

balance,
169

BDSM (Behavior-Discipline-Sado-Masochism),
249
,
260

behavior.
See also
behavior
,
human sexual

bonobo,
105–107
,
215

chimpanzee,
104
,
215

duck,
100–102

gorilla,
103

swan,
270

Behavior-Discipline-Sado-Masochism (BDSM),
249
,
260

behavior, human sexual.
See also
behavior

adaptability,
145

adolescents,
182

communication,
183

compared to animals,
39

gender differences,
214–215

leaving religion,
180
,
183–186

marriage,
37–38
,
234

partners,
111–112

penises,
108–110

religion,
185–187

religiosity,
238

religious versus secular,
22
,
267

reproduction,
108
,
110

self-defeating,
258

semen,
109–111

sex organs,
107–108

young adults,
182

beliefs

forming,
227

jealousy,
257–258

masturbation,
44

monogamy,
46–47

reinforcement,
29–31

relationships,
268–269

religious,
24–25
,
230

sexual,
45–46
,
225
,
229

thoughts,
81

Bible biology,
96–97

Billy Graham,
51

biology, according to holy books,
96–97

birth control,
36
,
198

Black Christianity,
171–174

Black women,
173

Blacks of the United States,
160

bonding,
39
,
106
,
190
,
266

bone, penis,
103
,
110

bonobos

clitorises,
106

jealousy,
252

penises,
107

sex organs,
107

sexual behavior,
105
,
107
,
215

Boyd K. Packer,
176

boys,
142
,
203–204

brain functioning,
124–126
,
266

breastfeeding,
162–163

Brigham Young,
51
,
53

Bronislaw Malinowski,
252

Brown, Amanda,
180

Buddhism

Na culture,
137

restriction of behavior,
39

women,
39

universal religion,
158

Buffet, Warren,
244

C

Candace Gorham,
81–83

Carly Wilson,
104

Carolus Linnaeus,
100

Catholic school rapes,
86

Catholicism

asexuality of Mary,
54–55

changes,
276

child abuse,
91–92

church attendance,
92

community,
78

distortions,
174–176

guilt,
78

marriage,
248

reform,
87

women,
53

celibacy,
153
,
192

Celts of Northern Europe,
159

changes in churches,
276–277

Charles Kuralt,
243

cheating,
267

chemical programming,
117
,
228

child abuse,
74
,
91–93
,
225
,
244

childhood programming,
88–89
,
226

childrearing,
237–238

children,
51–53
,
203

chimpanzees

jealousy,
252

penises,
104

semen,
104–105

sex organs,
104

sexual behavior,
104
,
215

Chinese museum,
143–144

Chinese religion,
144

Christianity

agriculturalist culture,
143

AIDS,
175

asexuality of founders,
54–55

Black Christianity,
171–174

breastfeeding,
162–163

changes,
276

celibacy,
153

children,
51–53

circumcision,
163–165

contrasted with Islam,
64–67

contrasted with Mormonism,
53

contrasted with Muslim,
54

disease,
160

divorce rates,
48
,
225

first century,
151–152

guilt,
64

Mangaian culture,
136

marriage,
191

monogamy,
46–47
,
58–59
,
245

origin,
65

polygamy,
58–59

sex-negative environment,
158

sexual exploitation,
148

sexuality,
151–152
,
155

sexuality of Jesus,
50–52

shame,
63

universal religion,
158

women,
51–53
,
152

Christopher Hitchens,
77

church attendance, Catholicism,
92

churches, changes,
276–277

church scandals,
74
,
226

circumcision,
163–166

class,
57–58
,
141

classification of species,
100

Cline, Austin,
174

clitorises, bonobo,
106

clothing,
36
,
155

Cohen, Susan,
173

communication

parental,
180–181
,
198–199

relationships,
183
,
246
,
265–266

religion,
194–195
,
239–240

religiosity,
198–199

women,
200–201

community,
63
,
78

competition, sperm,
105

conditioned responses,
29–31

conflict, internal,
80

Confucianism,
143

conscience,
71

control of information,
26

conversion,
234
,
237

Council of Nicaea,
53

cultural influence

attraction,
121

group membership,
163–165

jealousy,
252–255

learning,
119

marriage,
192

personality,
208–210

religiosity,
210–212

sexuality,
127–128

culture

agriculturalist,
132
,
133
,
140
,
161
,
194

American,
260

Animists of the Sahel desert,
159

Apache,
145

Black,
173

Celts of Northern Europe,
159

Chinese,
143

egalitarian,
135

Greek,
63
,
141–142

Hadza,
133–135

Hopi,
145
,
159

hunter-gatherer,
132
,
133
,
140
,
161

Indians of Central America,
160

Mangaian,
135–136

Maori of New Zealand,
160

matrilineal Trobriand Island,
252

Mosuo,
136

Na,
136
,
137–138
,
252

Navaho,
145

patriarchal,
148

Roman,
57
,
142
,
143

Samoan,
252

tribal,
145

Wyandotte (Huron),
160

cycle of guilt,
70–73

D

Dabaism, Na culture,
137

David Kato,
175

Dawkins, Richard,
243

death,
161–162

Deborah Anapohl,
248

definition of guilt and shame,
62
,
63–64

denial,
90–91

depression,
222–223

deprivation,
226–229

developmental stages,
114

de Waal, Frans,
105–106
,
215

differences, behavior, religious versus secular,
23
,
267

differences, gender,
75

dimorphism, sexual,
102–103

disease,
150
,
159–160

distortions

forming,
227

jealousy,
257–258

masturbation,
44

monogamy,
46–47

reinforcing,
29–31

relationships,
268–269

religious,
24–25
,
230

sexual,
45–46
,
225
,
229

thoughts,
81

divorce rates,
48
,
194
,
225
,
267

dominance,
224

Donald Marshall,
135

double standards,
148

dress,
36
,
155

Driscoll, Mark,
56

ducks

penises,
100–102

reproduction,
101

sexual behavior,
100–102

duplicity,
20–22
,
24–25
,
148

E

Earl Paulk,
47

education, sex,
168–169
,
181
,
198

egalitarian culture,
135

Ellis, Albert,
264

Emma Smith,
53

emotion, gender differences,
75

empathy,
260

England, Victorian,
40

environment

attraction,
121

group membership,
163–165

jealousy,
252–255

learning,
119

marriage,
192

personality,
208–209

religiosity,
210–212

sexuality,
127–128

epigenetics,
117–118

ethics,
87

eunuchs,
59

Eve and Adam,
44
,
96
,
162

explorers, introducing disease,
159–160

external effects,
117–118

F

family,
63

fantasies,
183

Father of Latin Christianity,
53
,
152

father of modern biological classification,
100

fear,
26
,
199–200

fear of death,
161–162

female circumcision,
165–166

Francis Schaeffer Institute,
222

Frans de Waal,
105–106
,
215