Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (70 page)

The staff of dozens of institutions across Europe and in the United States were uniformly helpful, but special mention must go to the British Library, whose astonishingly broad foreign-language collections are second to none. I am also very grateful to Dr Richard Butterwick and Dr Bojan Aleksov of the School of Eastern European and Slavonic Studies at University College London for introducing me to some of the researchers mentioned above; and to Peter Hart of the Imperial War Museum for selflessly sharing his expertise in the early days of my research.

I would especially like to thank all those who agreed to let me interview them about their often painful experiences, most notably Ben Helfgott, Andrzej C. (who wishes to remain anonymous), Barbara Paleolog, Stefa Baczkowska, Hanka Piotrowska, Maria Bielicka, Marilka and Alik Ossowski, and Zbigniew Ogrodzinski. It was their input that first brought my drier archival research to life.

As always I am much obliged to my brilliant literary agents, Simon Trewin and Ariella Feiner of United Agents, and Dan Mandel of Sanford J. Greenburger Associates. They excel in all the areas where I am at my most incompetent.

I must also thank my equally brilliant editor, Eleo Gordon, without whose help this book would have been twice as long and half as interesting. But thanks are also due to the unsung heroes at Penguin, whose expertise in sales, marketing, publicity, design and production are so essential to any book. Special mention must go to Penguin’s foreign rights team who have almost single-handedly made this book a commercial possibility.

Lastly, as in so many other areas of my life, my greatest thanks must go to my wife Liza for her help, patience, love and all-round support throughout the years that it took to write this book. It would have been impossible without her.

Sources

ARCHIVES

Archives Nationales, Paris

Archiwum Pa
stwowe (AP – State Archive), Szczecin

Archiwum Wschodnie, Ósrodek Karta (AWK – Eastern Archive), Warsaw

Bundesarchiv, Koblenz

Centralne Archiwum Wojskove (CAW – Central Military Archive), Warsaw

Imperial War Museum, London, Department of Documents (IWM Docs) and Sound Archives (IWM Sound)

The National Archives of the United Kingdom (TNA; formerly known as the Public Record Office), London

Polski O
rodek Spoleczno Kulturalny (POSK – Centre for Polish Arts and Culture), London

The Sikorski Institute, London

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) archives, New York

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, New York

US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Maryland, USA

Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen, Berlin

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS

Biuro Odszkodowa
Wojennych przy Prezydium Rady Ministrów,
Sprawozdanie w Przedmiocie strat
i
szkód wojennych Polski w latach
1939-1945 (Warsaw, 1947)

Burger, G. C. E., J. C. Drummond and H. R. Stanstead (eds.),
Malnutrition and Starvation in Western Netherlands September 1944—July
1945
(The Hague: General State Printing Office, 1948)

Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek,
Oorlogsverliezen
1940—1945:
Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
(The Hague: Belinfante, 1948)

Central Statistical Office,
Statistical Digest of the War
(London: HMSO, 1951)

Coles, Harry L. and Albert K. Weinberg (eds.),
Civil Affairs: Soldiers Become Governors
(Washington, DC: US Govt Printing Office, 1964)

Croatian State Commission for Establishing Crimes of Occupying Forces and their Assistants,
Crimes in the Jasenovac Camp
(Banja Luka: Becjead, 2000)

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey: Main Results Report (Vienna: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2009)

Foreign Relations of the United States
(FRUS), available online at
http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/FRUS/

HM Government,
Statistics Relating to the War Effort of the United Kingdom
(London: HMSO, 1944)

House of Commons Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) (London: HMSO, 1942—5)

International Committee of the Red Cross,
Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War (September 1, 1939—June 30,
1947), vol. I:
General Activities
(Geneva: ICRC, 1948)

Istituto Centrale di Statistica,
Morti e Dispersi per Cause Belliche Negli Anni
1940—45 (Rome: Istituto Centrale di Statistica, 1957)

Maddison, Angus,
The World Economy: Historical Statistics
(Paris: OECD, 2003)

Maschke, Erich (ed.),
Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des zweiten Weltkrieges,
15 vols. (Bielefeld: Ernst & Werner Gieseking, 1962—74)

Schieder, Theodor (ed.),
Documents on the Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern-Central Europe,
trans. G. H. de Sausmarez, 4 vols. (Bonn: Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, 1958—60)

United States Army, Office of the Surgeon General,
Preventative Medicine in World War
II, vol. V:
Communicable Diseases transmitted through Contact or by Unknown Means
(Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1960)

United States Strategic Bombing Survey,
Over-all Report
(
European War
) (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1945)

War Office,
Statistical Report on the Health of the Army,
1943—1945 (London: HMSO, 1948)

Webster, Sir Charles and Noble Frankland,
The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany
1939—1945 (London: HMSO, 1961)

NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS

Le Courrier de Genève

Daily Express

Défense de la France

Écrits de Paris

Journal Officiel

Le Monde

Múlt és
jöv

New York Times

Newsweek

New York Review of Books

Le Peuple

Res Publica

Time

The Times

FILM AND TELEVISION

Le
Chagrin et
la
Pitié,
two parts (Laboratoires Gennevilliers for Télévision Rencontre, 1969; Marcel Ophüls)

The Last Nazis,
part II (Minnow Films for BBC, 2009; Charlie Russell)

Millions Like Us
(Gainsborough Pictures, 1943; Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat)

A Shadow Over Europe
(BBC, 2002; Charles Wheeler)

BOOKS AND ESSAYS

Travel guides

Baedeker, Karl, Das
Generalgouvernement: Reisehandbuch von Karl Baedeker
(Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1943)

Ministry of Culture & Art and Ministry of Reconstruction of the Country,
Warsaw
Accuses: Guide-book to the exhibition arranged by the Office of Reconstruction of the Capital together with the National Museum in Warsaw
(Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe, 1945)

Histories and academic studies

Abzug, Robert H.,
Inside the Vicious Heart
(Oxford University Press, 1987)

Alessandrini, Luca, ‘The Option of Violence – Partisan Activity in the Bologna Area 1945—1948’, in Jonathan Dunnage (ed.),
After the War:
Violence, Justice, Continuity and Renewal in Italian Society
(Market Harborough: Troubador, 1999)

Alexander, G. M.,
The Prelude to the Truman Doctrine: British Policy in Greece,
1944—1947 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982)

Ammendolia, Ilario,
Occupazione delle terre in Calabria
1945—1949 (Rome: Gangemi,1990)

Anušauskas, Arvydas (ed.),
The Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Baltic States
(Vilnius: Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania, 2000)

Arad, Yitzhak,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Deathcamps
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999)

Aron, Robert,
Histoire de l‘epuration: De l’indulgence aux massacres, Novembre 1942-Septembre 1944
(Paris: Fayard, 1967)

Bacque, James,
Other Losses: The Shocking Truth behind the Mass Deaths of Disarmed German Soldiers and Civilians under General Eisenhower’s Command
(Toronto: Stoddart, 1989)

Baerentzen, L., J. Iatrides and O. Smith (eds.),
Studies in the History of the Greek Civil War, 1945—1949
(Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 1987)

Barber, John and Mark Harrison,
The Soviet Home Front, 1941—1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War
II (London and New York: Longman, 1991)

Battaglia, Achille,
I giudici e la politica
(Bari: Laterza, 1962)

Bauer, Yehuda,
Flight and Rescue: Brichah
(New York: Random House, 1970)

Beck, Earl R.,
Under the Bombs
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986)

Beevor, Antony,
Berlin: The Downfall 1945
(London: Penguin, 2003)

————,
Stalingrad
(London: Viking, 1998)

Beevor, Antony and Artemis Cooper,
Paris After the Liberation
(London: Penguin, 1995)

Beevor, Antony and Luba Vinogradova,
A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941—1945
(London: Pimlico, 2006)

Benz, Wolfang and Angelika Konigseder (eds.),
Das Konzentrationslager Dachau
(Berlin: Metropol, 2008)

Berlière, Jean-Marc with Laurent Chabrun,
Les policiers français sous l’Occupation
(Paris: Perrin, 2001)

Beschloss, Michael,
The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1941—1945
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002)