Sahib (73 page)
Authors: Richard Holmes
68
Kincaid,
Social Life,
pp. 44-5.
69
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company
pp. 71-5.
70
Lunt (ed.),
Sepoy to Subedar,
p. 24.
71
Jane Robinson,
Angels of Albion: Women of the Indian Mutiny
(London: 1996), p. 14.
72
Fenton,
Journal,
pp. 68-9.
73
Fenton,
Journal,
p. 321.
74
Mason,
Guardians,
pp. 129-30.
75
Byron Farwell,
Armies of the Raj
(London: 1990), p. 141.
76
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company
PP. 39-40.
77
Russell,
Mutiny Diary
p. 284.
78
Russell,
Mutiny Diary
pp. 118-19.
79
Lunt (ed.),
Sepoy to Subedar, p.
26.
80
Captain J. H. Leslie,
Masonic Calendar for the Punjab District for the Year 1895-6, p.
20.
81
Masonic Year Book 1919, passim.
82
Wolseley,
Story
I, p. 82. Vaughan subsequently died of his wounds, but recounted this story before doing so.
83
George Carter journal in British Library Oriental and India Office Collection, Mss Eur E262.
84
Gordon,
Soldier of the Raj, p.
146.
85
I was amused to read in Martin Short’s
Inside the Brotherhood
(London: 1989) that masons had the Territorial Army of my day ‘sewn up’. I rose from private soldier to become its senior serving officer. I am not, nor have I ever been, a mason.
86
Wilberforce,
Unrecorded Chapter,
P. 34.
87
Rees,
Personal Narrative,
p. 62.
88
Richards,
Old Soldier, p.
75.
89
Major A. T. Moore,
Notes for Officers Proceeding to India
(Chatham: 1912), p. 26.
90
Quoted in Farwell,
Armies,
p. 59.
91
David Dilkes,
Curzon in India
(London: 1968), II, pp. 253-4.
92
The best account of the whole disgraceful episode is in Anglesey,
British Cavalry
IV, pp. 498-502.
93
Mosley,
Curzon, p.
100.
94
Richards,
Old Soldier, p.
109.
95
Gomm to Lt Gen. R. J. H. Birch, July 1851, in Gomm Papers, National Army Museum 1987-11-116-143.
96
Tuker (ed.),
Henry Metcalfe,
pp. 19-20.
97
‘Courts Martial of British Officers in India 1861-75’, British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, L/Mil/5/674.
98
Register in National Archives, WO 88/1.
99
Mason,
Matter of Honour,
caption facing p. 112.
100
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
p. 44.
101
The notions of monotheism and polytheism do not really make sense when applied to Hindu thought. The individual gods and goddesses of Hinduism exist as images, or as representations of various aspects of life, but are not generally believed to have an independent existence. This level of subtlety was lost on many (though by no means all) British officers and men, some of whom thought of the Hindu pantheon in the most literal many-armed, multivisaged, cosmic-dancing way. And I cannot deny a sneaking affection for the Lord Ganesh. See Mel Thompson,
Eastern Philosophy
(London: 1999), p. 9.
102
Holman,
Sikander Sahib,
p. 234.
103
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 21.
104
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
pp. 36-7.
105
Letters of William Porter, British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur G128.
106
Mountain,
Memoirs and Letters,
p. 267.
107
Sherer,
Daily Life,
p. 5.
108
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
P. 13.
109
David,
Indian Mutiny,
pp. 72-3.
110
Diary of Richard Hardcastle, British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Eur 332.
111
Bromfield (ed.),
Lahore to Lucknow,
p. 112.
112
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
P. 93.
113
Inglis,
Siege of Lucknow,
pp. 60-1.
114
‘Private Charles Goodward’, in Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen,
P. 93.
115
Wolseley,
Story,
I, p. 376.
116
Quennell (ed.),
William Hickey,
IV, pp. 170-1.
117
Anglesey (ed.),
Pearman’s Memoirs,
p. 65.
118
Rotton,
The Chaplain’s Narrative,
p. 98.
119
Anson,
With HM 9th Lancers,
p. 25.
120
Wilberforce,
Unrecorded Chapter,
pp. 130-3.
121
Rees,
Personal Narrative,
pp. 217-18.
122
Rees,
Personal Narrative,
p. 217.
123
VC citation quoted in Anglesey,
British Cavalry,
III, p. 63.
124
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 256-7.
125
Callwell,
Stray Recollections,
I, P. 253.
126
Quoted in Anglesey,
Cavalry,
II, P. 338.
127
Sherer,
Daily Life,
pp. 101-2.
128
Cotton,
Inscriptions,
p. 230.
129
Fraser,
Sixty Years,
p. 160.
130
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, in Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen,
p. 81.
131
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, in Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen,
p. 84.
132
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
p. 295.
133
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 93-4.
134
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, in Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen,
p. 85.
135
Heathcote,
Indian Army,
p. 158.
136
George Carter journal in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur E262.
137
Dodwell and Miles,
Alphabetical List of Officers of the Indian Army
(London: 1838),
passim..
138
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
p. 101.
139
Inglis,
Siege of Lucknow,
p. 39.
140
Vansittart (ed.),
From Minnie, with Love,
p. 112.
141
Captain Birch’s account in Inglis,
Siege of Lucknow,
p. 79.
142
Pearse,
East Surrey Regiment,
p. 337.
143
Fenton,
Journal,
p. 77.
144
Elers,
Memoirs,
p. 57.
145
Heathcote,
Indian Army,
p. 149.
146
Quennell (ed.),
William Hickey,
IV, pp. 21-2.
147
Cotton,
List of Inscriptions,
p. 184.
148
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 83-4.
149
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 81-9.
150
Wood,
Gunner at Large,
p. 144.
151
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
p. 217.
152
Pran Nevil,
Glimpses of the Raj
(Somaiya: 1998), p. 10.
153
Kenneth Ballhatchet,
Race, Sex and Class under The Raj
(London: 1980),
passim.
154
Gordon,
Soldier of the Raj,
p. 119.
155
Richards,
Old Soldier,
pp. 198-9.
156
Richards,
Old Soldier,
pp. 77-8.
157
Quoted in Farwell,
Armies of the Raj,
p. 152.
158
Quoted in Allen,
Soldier Sahibs,
p. 240.
159
Maud Diver, The Englishman in India (London: 1909), p. 18.
160
Andrew Ward,
Our Bones Are Scattered: The Cawnpore Massacres and the Indian Mutiny of 1857
(London: 1996), pp. 416-17.
161
Coghill account in National Army Museum, 7207-4-1.
162
Quoted in Pat Barr,
The Memsahibs
(London: 1976), pp. 11-12.
163
Fenton,
Journal,
pp. 90-1.
164
Dickinson (ed.),
Miss Eden’s Letters,
pp. 287-8.
165
Low (ed.),
Fifty Years,
p. 62.
166
Smith,
Victorian RSM,
p. 21.
167
Swinson and Scott (eds),
Waterfield,
p. 107.
168
Anglesey,
Cavalry,
I, p. 131.
169
Gunner Alfred Wilson in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Mss Eur 333.
170
Anglesey (ed.),
Pearman’s Memoirs,
p. 60.
171
Letter in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Mss Eur 361.
172
General Sir Neville Lyttelton,
Eighty Years Soldiering, Politics, Games
(London: 1927), p. 79.
173
Fane,
Miss Fane,
p. 86.
174
M. M. Kay,
The Golden Calm: An English Lady’s Life in Moghul Delhi
(Exeter: 1980), p. 215.
175
Woodruff,
Guardians,
p. 124.
176
Lawrence,
India We Served,
p. 59.
177
Russell,
Mutiny Diary,
pp. 26-7.
178
Lawrence,
India We Served,
p. 58.
179
Quoted in Barr,
Memsahibs,
p. 97.
180
Anglesey (ed.),
Pearman’s Memoirs,
p. 68.
181
‘A Grenadier’s Diary’, in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Mss Eur 097.
182
Diary of Sapper Thomas Burford in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Mss Eur 283.
183
Staff Surgeon J. Jeffreys,
The British Army in India
(London: 1858), p. 101.
184
Wonnacott Collection in the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur 376/3.
185
Wonnacott Collection in the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur C 376/3.
186
Correspondence of Conductor William Porter in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur G128.
187
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 44.
188
MacGregor,
Life and Opinions,
I, p. 330.
189
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
pp. 265, 273, 303.
190
Daly,
Memoirs,
p. 217.
1
De Rhé-Philipe and Irving,
Soldiers of the Raj,
p. 4.
2
De Rhé-Philipe and Irving,
Soldiers of the Raj,
p. 156.
3
Lawrence,
India We Served,
p. 93.
4
Shephard,
Coote,
p. 190.
5
Muter,
Recollections,
p. 258.
6
Bayley,
Reminiscences,
pp. 205-6.
7
Griffiths,
Narrative,
pp. 190-1.
8
Elers,
Memoirs,
p. 189.
9
John Ryder, ‘Four Years Service in India, by a Private Soldier’, appendix to Swinson and Scott (eds),
Waterfield,
p. 180.
10
Anglesey (ed.),
Pearman’s Memoirs,
pp. 115-16.
11
Richards,
Old Soldier,
p. 335.
12
Daly (ed.),
Memoirs,
pp. 330-1.
13
Kipling, ‘One Viceroy Resigns’, in
Kipling’s Verse,
p. 68.
14
Wardrop,
Pig-Sticking,
p. 290.
15
Aliph Cheem is the pen name of Walter Yeldham.
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e–book reader.
Ranks and titles are generally the highest mentioned in the text
Abbot, General Sir James 199, 202–3
Abbotabad 203
Abdurrahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan 86
Adams, RevdJ. W., VC 467
Addiscombe Military Seminary 214, 250, 253
Aden 187
adjutant birds, trick practised on 166–7
adjutants 219
Adlercron, Colonel 182
Afghan artillery 355
Afghan Wars
First (1839–42) 55–9, 85
Second (1878–80) 82, 85–6
Afghanistan, barrier against Russian expansion 59
Agg, Lieutenant James 220
Agnew, Patrick Alexander Vans 66, 67
Agra 38, 39, 276
barracks 143–4
Agra Tent Club 168
Ahmed Shah Durrani, Amir of Afghanistan 54
Ahmednagar, capture (1803) 312, 376
Akbar, Mughal emperor 28, 36, 39, 40
Akbar Khan 56, 57, 58, 397
Ala-ud-din Khalji, Sultan of Delhi 36
Aligarh, capture (1803) 310
Aliwal, battle (1846) 5, 65, 367–8, 416, 499
Allahabad 139, 316
Allard, Jean François 62, 306
Allen, Major 478–9
allowances 72, 272–3
Amboina massacre (1623) 45, 46
ammunition, artillery 337–40
canister 337, 340
common shell 338
grapeshot 340
roundshot 337, 338, 339–40
shrapnel shells 337, 338
spherical case 337
amputations 403, 404
Ananti Ram 260
Anderson, Lieutenant William 66, 67
Andrews, Lieutenant Thomas 243
Andrews, Sub-Conductor William 238
Anglo-Indians xxvi–xxvii
Anson, General the Hon. George 74–5, 473
Anson, Major Octavius 76–7, 148, 420, 465
Anti-Opium Society 435
apartheid
attitudes, development of 72
Arcot 47
Arcot, Nawab of 50, 51
Argaum, battle (1803) 55, 333
Army Bearer Corps 257
Army of the Deccan (1817–18) 274, 281
Army of the Indus 55–6, 377–9
Army of Retribution 58
Army Temperance Association 434
arrack 417, 418
artillery, British
breaching batteries 381
counter-battery role 336
organisation 220
artillery, British –
cont.
siege batteries, on parade 382–3
siege trains 381–2
see also
horse artillery; Royal Artillery
artillery fire, advances under 342–3, 345–6
artillery, Indian 337
Afghan 355
Maratha 333
Mysore 332–3
Sikh 8–9, 333
Assaye, battle (1803) 55, 294, 311, 321, 328, 333, 336–7, 364, 402, 499–500
Aston, Colonel Henry Hervey 161, 225, 478–9
Atkins, Richard Riley 427
attitudes, British
offensive towards Indians 452–4
tranformation of 445–9
Attock 205
bridge across Indus at 26–7, 196
Auckland, George Eden, 1st Earl of [Governor General, 1836–42] 55, 58, 59, 61
Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor 39–40
Avitabile, Paolo di 62, 306–7
Ayub Khan, governor of Herat 86, 354
Aziz Khan, Subadar Major 299
Babur (Zahir-ud-din Muhammad) 38–9
Badli ke Serai, battle (1857) xxxii, 75, 230, 337–8, 341, 345–6, 353
Bahadur Shah II, King of Delhi 43, 74, 77
Baird, Major General Sir David 278, 386–7
Baji Rao II, Maratha Peshwa 71
Bancroft, Staff Sergeant Nathaniel W. 8, 10, 18, 130, 138–9, 235, 265, 294–325. 334. 340. 409, 418
bandmasters 137
bands, regimental 136–7, 145
Bangalore 140, 374
Banks, Sir Joseph 448–9
Banks, Major 390
Bannu 204, 205, 208–9
Barasat, Bengal, military college at 250
Bareilly 34, 467
Barnard, Major General Sir Henry 75, 77, 230, 353, 473
Barnsley, Corporal George 289
Baroda 83
Barr, Second Lieutenant 344
Barrackpore 73
barracks 138–9, 142–4
sanitation 469
see also
Chatham Barracks, Kent
Barry, Charlotte 436–7
Barsotelli, Signor 148
Barter, Lieutenant Richard xxxii, 32–3, 184, 230, 337–8, 341, 345–6, 362
Bartrum, Kate 391, 395
Bartrum, Richard 391, 395
Bassano, Ensign Alfred 282
bat [slang] 175, 176–7
bathing, daily 160–1
batta
53, 72, 272–3
Battye, Lieutenant Colonel Frederick 247
Battye, George 247
Battye, Major Leigh 247
Battye, Lieutenant Quentin 247
Battye, Richmond 247
Battye, Major Wigram 247
Bayley, Clive 491
Bayley, Emily 491
Bayley, Major J. A. 98, 113–14, 129, 139, 152, 165, 265, 407, 501
bayonet attacks 337, 346–7
bayonets 348, 350
Bayram Khan 39
beer 420, 422
Bellars, Lieutenant 2
Bellasis, Captain John Harvey 305
Bengal 49
climatic variation 30–1
Permanent Settlement 53
Bengal Army 254
sepoys’ grounds for complaint 71–2
analysis of officers 248–9
close to mutiny in 1857 73
Bengal Club, Calcutta 157
Bennet, Colour Sergeant John 385–6
Bennett, Private 277
Benson, Colonel 9–10
Bentinck, General Lord William Cavendish [Governor General, 1833–35] 185, 186, 246, 430
Benyon, Lieutenant W. G. L. 172, 298
Berhampore 115
Bernadotte, Sergeant Jean
[later
Marshal of France and King of Sweden] 217
Bernard, Father 466
Bertrand, Father 464, 465–6
Best, Captain Samuel 130
bheesties, regimental 127–8
Bhonsla of Berar 54, 55
Bhurtpore 374
siege (1805) 55, 321, 333, 387–8, 404
siege (1825) 214
bibis
436, 437, 438, 439
Bidar 374
Bihar 49
Bijapur 36
Bikaner, Maharaja of 290
Birkenhead
(troopship), loss of (1852) 92–3
Black Hole of Calcutta (1756) 46
Blacker, Colonel Valentine 303
Blackford, Quartermaster Sergeant 489
Blake, George 308–9
blind wells 412
Blood, Lieutenant General Sir Bindon 86, 454–5
Blunt, Revd 464
Board of Control 52
Bokhapur 140
Bolton, Major 352
Bolton, Riding Master 320, 321
Bombay 45, 118–19, 120
Gateway to India 120
Bombay Army 254
bombs 381
Boyd, Dr 405
Brabazon, Captain 422
Brahmins 299
Brassey, Captain Willoughby 252
bravery, suicidal 316, 319
brewing industry 420
Bridgeman, Sergeant D. 450
brigadier 228, 230
brigadier general 228, 230
Brinjarries
256
British Army
breaking camp and on the march 121–6, 128–30, 136–7
encampment 131–2
enlistment, terms of 233
officers, social backgrounds 249–50
officers’ commissions 239
purchase 224–6
granted without purchase 227
pay, officers’ 224
promotion, of NCOs to officer 322
promotion, officers’
by brevet 322–3
by purchase 224–6
by seniority 219, 226, 227–8, 230–1
re-organisation (1881) 253
recruitment 221–3
British troops, ratio to Indian 216
Broadfoot, Major George 63, 214–15, 378, 397
Brooke, Brigadier ‘Bully’ 334, 336
Brooke, Brigadier General H. F. 124
brothels, regimental 436, 480–1, 483
Brown, Dr John 403
Brown, Lieutenant Tod 316
Browne, Captain James 29–30
Browne, Major General Sam, VC 486
Brownrigg, Captain 307–8
Brudenell, Lieutenant Colonel Lord
see
Cardigan, Earl of
Bryant, Lieutenant 312
Bryden, Dr William 34–5, 57–8, 396
bullets 356, 357
Bunerwals 195–6
bungalows 139, 141–2
Burford, Sapper Thomas 494
Burke, Edmund 52
Burma 85, 215, 273, 447
Burnes, Sir Alexander 42, 55, 56
Burns, Lance-Sergeant Sloper 223
Burr, Colonel 297, 298
Burrows, Captain 404
Burrows, Brigadier General G. R. S. 354, 355, 356
Burton, Ensign Richard 171, 176
butterfly and moth collecting 164
Bux, Eli 400
Buxar, battle (1764) 49
Cairo 95
Calcutta 45–6, 110–13
capture and recapture (1756–57) 46–7
climate 31
Callwell, Second Lieutenant Charles 26, 165, 176, 329
camels, baggage 124–5
campaign medals 325–6
campaigning, necessities of 266–7
Campbell, Colonel [of HM’s 52nd] 241–2
Campbell, Lieutenant Colonel 342
Campbell, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander 415
Campbell, Sir Archibald 460
Campbell, Bessie
(later
Fenton) 140–1, 487
Campbell, Field Marshal Sir Colin, Baron Clyde 75, 78, 183, 184–5, 293, 321, 347, 348, 372, 390, 498
Campbell, Captain Colin [of HM’s 74th] 376
Campbell, Captain Niel 141, 487
Campbell, Lieutenant Walter 116–17, 232, 271, 470–1, 473
canal system 29
Canning, Charles, 1st Earl Canning [Governor General, 1856–62; Viceroy from 1858] 74, 75, 78, 147, 210, 461
cannon manufacture 332–3
cantonments, military 138, 139–41, 143
Cantwell, Sergeant Major 14
captains 219, 220, 253, 266, 272
carbines 82, 362
Cardigan, Lieutenant Colonel James Brudenell, 7th Earl of 224, 231, 432
Carnatic 54
Caroe, Sir Olaf 196, 203
Carter, Sergeant Major George xxiv, 27–8, 230, 238, 265–6
caste 299–300
casualties 402
Cavagnari, Major Sir Louis 86, 211, 324
cavalry charges 313–14, 359–60, 364–73
Cave, Revd Alfred 35
Cawnpore, in the Mutiny 75–7, 78
massacre in the Bibighar 76–7, 486
Central India Field Force 78–9
Ceylon 289
Chakalwat, action (1895) 196
Chaman Extension Railway 27
Chamberlain, Crawford 247
Chamberlain, Field Marshal Sir Neville 42, 190–1, 200, 203, 212, 247
duties at Hazara (1850) 199–200
commands Movable Column (1857) 75, 241–2
chaplains, regimental 463–4, 467
Chatham Barracks, Kent 93–4
Cheem, Aliph 444, 506
Chester, Colonel 341
child commissions 224, 246
Chillianwallah, battle (1849) 68, 229, 315, 318, 342–3, 369–71, 406
Chinhut, battle (1857) 329–31
Chinsurah depot, Bengal 114, 250–1
Chitor 36
Chitral 86–7
Chitral relief campaign (1895) xxxii, 86, 196, 287, 298–9, 314
Chitral Scouts xxxii
chloroform 403
cholera 468, 469–73, 485–6
churches 459, 460
churchgoing 459
Churchill, Winston 86–7, 195, 232
citadels 374
civil lines 138
Clark, George 191
Clark–Kennedy, Captain John 67, 123, 190, 381–2, 386
claymores 351, 362
Clifton, Sergeant 360
climate 28, 29, 30–5
Clive, Major General Robert Clive, 1st Baron [Governor of Bengal 1757–60, 1765–67] 46, 47–8, 49, 50, 182–3, 186, 272, 275
clothes 159–60, 161–2, 163–4
clubs 157–8
Coghill, Lieutenant Kendall 95, 353, 486
Cole, Surgeon J. J. 403
Colebrook, Sir George 244
Colley, Linda xxi–xxii
colonels 227, 266
colour sergeants 219
colours 343–5
Colvin, John 74
Combe, Major General Boyce 454, 455
Combermere, General Sir Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount 184, 277, 388
Commander in Chief, India 182–5, 186, 188
staff 189
commanding officers, paternalism of some 318
Compagnie des Indes
46
company sergeant majors 220
Connelly, Private Thomas 457
Contagious Diseases and Cantonment Act of India (1864) 480
Cooch Behar, Maharajah of 450
Coorgs 289
Coote, Lieutenant General Sir Eyre 48, 49, 50–1, 109, 182, 183, 184, 328, 332, 500
Corneille, Lieutenant John 30–1, 50, 96, 97, 101–2, 117
cornets 224
Cornwall, Major 226–7
Cornwallis, Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess [Governor General, 1786–93; 1805] 53, 55, 186, 276
Cotton, Sir Henry 84
Cotton, Sir Stapleton
see
Combermere, 1st Viscount
Cotton, Brigadier Sydney 209
courage, lapses in 318–19
Court, Claude Auguste 306
Court, Henri 62
Cowtan, Corporal F. B. 65
Cranborne, Lord 91
Creed, Lieutenant 380
cross-cultural relationships 439–43
crossing the line 101–2
Crow, Conductor William 237–8
Cummings, Captain 105–6
Cummings, Captain John 319
Cunningham, Captain J. D. 16
Cuppage, Sergeant Major 344
Cureton, Brigadier Robert 190, 223, 368, 369
Curzon, George Nathaniel, 1st Marquess Baron Curzon of Kedleston [Viceroy, 1899–1904] 84–5, 186–8, 189, 454–6
Cust, Robert 17, 408
dacoits 215, 289
Dalhousie Barracks, Calcutta 138
Dalhousie, James Ramsay, 10th Earl and 1st Marquess of [Governor General, 1848–56] 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 185, 186, 191–2, 300
doctrine of lapse 70, 71
Dalip Singh 62, 66
Daly, General Sir Henry 175–6, 185, 201, 207, 208, 212–13, 240, 242, 246, 272, 334, 385, 389–90, 504
raises 1st Punjab Cavalry 193, 261
Dargai, battle (1897) 358
dawk,
running 24–5
Deacon, Lieutenant Colonel 276–7
Deas, Alec 191, 250
Deas, Robert 250
deer-stalking 165
Delhi 38, 41, 139
battle (1803) 55
Durbars 82, 85, 187–8
