Sahib (70 page)

64
Low (ed.),
Fifty Years,
pp. 374-5.

65
Holman,
Sikander Sahib,
p. 242.

66
Diver,
Unsung,
p. 225. The officer concerned was a young engineer on a public works project.

67
Cotton,
List of Inscriptions,
pp. 97-8. The old garrison cemetery at Seringapatam lies not far from Tipu’s fortress, behind a little hotel. Its gate is permanently shut, but can be scaled without difficulty even by middle-aged historians. There is an extraordinary poignancy to the tombs, which are mostly from the early 1800s and surrounded by undergrowth.

68
For an account of the regiment see René Chartrand and Patrice Courcelle,
Emigre and Foreign Troops in British Service (2) 1803-15
(Oxford: 2000), pp. 24-33.

69
Taken by the 39th’s successor the Dorsetshire Regiment, and then by the amalgamated Devon and Dorsets. Flowers’ Marine Battalion had served in India from 1748, but this was a composite ‘battalion of detachments’ and the 39th therefore deserves its honour. See
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research,
Vol. 78, p. 299.

70
Donald Breeze Mendham Huffer, ‘The Infantry Officers of the Line of the British Army’, Unpublished PhD thesis, Birmingham University, 1995, PP. 245-6.

71
The 14th, 17th, 75th and 103rd all had Bengal tigers amongst their badges, and the 33rd, 78th and 94th Foot an elephant: all commemorated long and distinguished service in India.

72
Richards,
Old Soldier,
pp. 335-6.

73
Some regiments, like the Rifle Brigade and the Fusiliers, had always preferred the designation second lieutenant to that of ensign. The rank became universal, in 1872, as the junior commissioned rank in all arms. This did not stop some cavalry regiments, as late as the 1990s, from styling their second lieutenants as cornets.

74
Lieutenant Colonel H. W. C. Sandys,
The Military Engineer in India
(Chatham: 1935), II, p. vii.

75
Rudyard Kipling’s Verse,
pp. 414-15.

76
Shipp,
Paths of Glory,
p. 3.

77
Swinson and Scott (eds),
Waterfield,
pp. 4-5.

78
John Fraser,
Sixty Years in Uniform
(London: 1939), pp. 40-1.

79
John Curtis,
The British Army in the American Revolution
(Yale: 1926), p. 164.

80
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 95-6.

81
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 207.

82
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 136-7.

83
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 121-2.

84
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 225.

85
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
I, p. 118.

86
Pennycuick Papers, private collection.

87
Carter in Mss Eur E262.

88
Richard Barter,
The Siege of Delhi,
p. 17.

89
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
I, p. 385.

90
Rex Whitworth (ed.),
Gunner at Large
(London: 1988), pp. 110, 124. The captain lieutenant was the battalion’s senior lieutenant, commanding the company or troop which the colonel of the regiment notionally commanded and for which he drew the captain’s pay. The practice and the rank alike disappeared at the end of the eighteenth century. Lieutenant-fireworker was then the junior commissioned rank in the Royal Artillery.

91
See Huffer’s penetrating analysis in
Infantry Officers,
pp. 353-6.

92
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen
(London: 1989), p. 69.

93
Pearse,
East Surrey Regiment,
P. 337.

94
Bayley,
Reminiscences,
pp. 52-3.

95
Fraser,
Sixty Years,
p. 133.

96
Peter Stanley,
White Mutiny
(New York: 1998), p. 17.

97
Bancroft,
Recruit to Staff Sergeant,
pp. 28-9.

98
Carter in Mss Eur E262.

99
Perkes Papers, National Army Museum.

100
Papers of Lawrence Halloran, National Army Museum 199 9075 101.

101
Papers of Captain John Lyons, National Army Museum 8311-76.

102
De Rhé-Philipe and Irving,
Soldiers of the Raj,
p. 73.

103
De Rhé-Philipe and Irving,
Soldiers of the Raj,
p. 91.

104
Diary of George Carter, Oriental and India Office Collection of the British Library, Mss Eur E262.

105
Heathcote,
Indian Army,
p. 122.

106
Quennell (ed.),
William Hickey,
p. 312.

107
Daly (ed.),
Memoirs,
pp. 231-2.

108
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
p. 65-6.

109
Wolseley,
Story,
I, p. 285.

110
Low (ed.),
Fifty Years,
p. 211.

111
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
p. 217.

112
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
I, p. 71.

113
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
p. 63.

114
Daly (ed.),
Memoirs,
p. 219.

115
Bromfield (ed.),
Lahore to Lucknow,
p. 138.

116
Capt. E. E. Cox to Col. York, 8 August 1858, Cox Papers, private collection.

117
Quoted in David Omissi,
The Sepoy and the Raj
(London: 1994), p. 104.

118
Heathcote,
Indian Army
p. 122.

119
Elers,
Memoirs,
p. 54.

120
Michael Stigger, ‘Recruiting for rank in 1764, 1804 and 1857’, in
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research,
No. 70, 1992.

121
Quennell (ed.),
William Hickey,
P. 99.

122
Quennell (ed.),
William Hickey,
p. 99.

123
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 206.

124
Cotton,
List of Inscriptions,
p. 347.

125
Holwell,
Sikander Sahib,
p. 215.

126
Forrest (ed.),
Chamberlain,
p. 9.

127
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
II, pp. 53, 69.

128
Gordon,
Soldier of the Raj,
p. 51.

129
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research,
Vol. 69, 1991, pp. 59-61.

130
Heathcote,
Indian Army,
p. 123.

131
Low (ed.),
Fifty Years,
p. 147.

132
Wolseley,
Story,
I, p. 24.

133
Captain George Rybot Papers, National Army Museum 7907-99: Captain Willoughby Brassey Papers, National Army Museum 6807-459.

134
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
II, p. 99.

135
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
p. 179.

136
Brassey Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

137
Quoted in Stanley,
White Mutiny,
p. 274.

138
In 1860 and 1881 the infantry titles were as follows:

1860

101st Royal

Bengal Fusiliers

102nd Royal

Madras Fusiliers

103rd Royal

Bombay Fusiliers

104th Bengal

Fusiliers

105th Madras

Light Infantry

106th Bombay

Light Infantry

107th Bengal

Infantry

108th Madras

Infantry

Fusiliers

109th Bombay

Infantry

1881

1st Bn Royal

Munster Fusiliers

1st Bn Royal

Dublin Fusiliers

2nd Bn Royal

Dublin Fusiliers

2nd Bn Royal

Munster Fusiliers

2nd Bn King’s

Own Yorkshire LI

2nd Bn Durham

LI

2nd Bn Royal

Sussex Regiment

2nd Bn Royal

Inniskilling

2nd Bn Leinster

Regiment

139
Richards,
Old Soldier,
pp. 86-7.

140
Though, as purchase had just over ten years to run, not all potential British cavalry and infantry officers were yet trained at Sandhurst.

141
Quoted in Yule and Burnell,
Hobson-Jobson,
p. 115.

142
Lawrence,
India We Served,
p. 66.

143
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
pp. 140-1.

144
Rundrangshu Mukherjee, ‘“Satan Let Loose upon the Earth”: The Kanpur Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857’, in
Past and Present,
No. 128, August 1990, p. 99.

145
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
I, p. 53.

146
Omissi,
Sepoy,
p. 3.

147
Roberts,
Forty-One Years,
p. 499.

148
Menezes,
Fidelity and Honour,
p. 295.

149
Philip Mason,
A Matter of Honour
(London: 1974), p. 108.

150
Lunt (ed.),
Sepoy to Subedar, p.
4.

151
Lunt (ed.),
Sepoy to Subedar,
p. 168.

152
Daly (ed.),
Memoirs,
p. 67.

153
As non-commissioned ranks proliferated in the British army, so Indian ranks developed to catch up, with
colour-havildar
for colour sergeant and company
havildar-
major for company sergeant major.

154
The rank of
ressaidar
disappeared in the late nineteenth century.

155
F. Yeats-Brown,
Bengal Lancer
(London: 1930), pp. 19-20.

156
Brevet Major J. A. Bayley,
Reminiscences of School and Army Life 1839-1859
(London: 1875), p. 76.

157
Bancroft,
From Recruit to Staff Sergeant,
p. 80.

158
‘Journal of Sergeant Major George Carter’, in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Mss Eur E262.

159
The value of the rupee altered little between 1750 and 1914, and for the first century of the period covered here it remained very stable at approximately 10 rupees to £1 Sterling. In 1893 the exchange rate was arbitrarily fixed at 1 rupee to 1 shilling and 4 pence, and in 1899, 15 rupees were worth £1. In 1903 Yule and Burnell noted that ‘a
crore
of rupees was for many years almost the exact equivalent of a million sterling. It had once been a good deal more, and has now for some years been a good deal less’ (see
Hobson-Jobson,
p. 276).

160
Heathcote,
Indian Army,
pp. 127-30.

161
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, in Brander (ed.),
Sword and Pen,
p. 70.

162
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
p. 29.

163
Bessie Fenton,
The Journal of Mrs Fenton 1826-1830
(London: 1901), p. 70.

164
Gordon,
Purvis,
p. 16.

165
Gordon,
Purvis,
p. 78.

166
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
pp. 19-20.

167
Gordon,
Purvis,
pp. 81-2.

168
Gordon,
Purvis,
p. 87.

169
Fenton,
Journal,
p. 70.

170
Gordon,
Purvis,
pp. 75-6.

171
Parkes,
Wanderings,
p. 43.

172
Le Mesurier,
Kandahar in 1880,
p. 2.

173
MacGregor (ed.),
Life and Opinions,
II, pp. 187, 189, 198.

174
Marsham (ed.),
Havelock,
p. 162.

175
‘Lieutenant Walter Campbell’, in Brander,
Sword and Pen,
p. 79.

176
Corneille,
Journal,
p. 81.

177
Gordon,
Purvis,
p. 101.

178
Germon,
Journal,
pp. 29-30. A seer had many local definitions, but the Indian Weights and Measures Capacity Act of 1872 attempted to fix it at 2.2 lbs.

179
Mason,
Matter of Honour,
p. 237.

180
Yule and Burnell,
Hobson-Jobson, p.
657.

181
Corneille,
Journal, p.
138.

182
Wood,
Gunner at Large,
p. 105.

183
Hervey,
Soldier of the Company,
p. 71.

184
‘Lieutenant John Pester’, in Brander,
Sword and Pen,
p. 17.

185
Letter of 22 November 1839 in
Pennycuick Papers, private collection.

186
Mason,
Matter of Honour,
p. 206.

187
Hardcastle correspondence in British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, Photo Mss Eur 332.

188
Forbes-Mitchell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 228-9.

189
Elers,
Memoirs,
p. 98.

190
Elers,
Memoirs,
pp. 99-100.

191
Shipp,
Paths of Glory,
p. 151.

192
Documents relating to the distribution of prize-money in consequence of hostilities against the Pindarees and certain Maharatta Powers,
bound as three volumes, private collection, Vol III, p. 228. A
kutchery
(more usually
cutcherry)
is ‘an office of administration, a court-house’.

193
Russell,
Mutiny Diary
pp. 102-3, 121.

194
Muter,
My Recollections,
pp. 136-40.

195
Vibart,
Sepoy Mutiny
pp. 151-2.

196
Germon,
Journal,
p. 102.

197
Quoted in Clark Kennedy,
Victorian Soldier,
p. 64.