Nutrition (35 page)
prostate cancer
121–2
121–2
proteins
12–14
12–14
conversion to energy
52–3
52–3
dietary needs
13
13
digestion
13
13
energy per gram
44
44
function
13
13
protons
152–3
152–3
pulses
191–3
191–3
pyloric sphincter
3
3
quinoa
181
181
red rice
181
181
respiratory infections
140
140
rhodopsin (visual purple)
68
68
saliva
1–2
1–2
salt
158–62
158–62
cutting back
163
163
function
158–9
158–9
guidelines daily amounts
211–12
211–12
and health problems
159–61
159–61
target maximum intake
161
161
see also
sodium
sodium
selenium
absorption
96
96
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
95
t
soil depletion
93
93
and thyroid hormones
105
105
toxicity
113
113
sesame-seed oil
194
194
silicon
113–14
113–14
smoking
85
85
sodium chloride
see
salt
see
salt
sodium glutamate
164
164
sorbitol
21
21
South Beach diet
230–31
230–31
soybeans
192
192
spices
190–91
190–91
starchy glycogen
14
14
stilbenes
119
119
stitch
49
49
stress
226–7
226–7
sucrase
5
5
see also
carbohydrates
carbohydrates
sulphides
134–6
134–6
sulphites
165–6
165–6
sulphur-containing compounds
133–7
133–7
teff
182
182
tocotrienols
89
89
trace elements
93
93
trans-fatty acids
32–3
32–3
tricarboxylic acid cycle
50–51
50–51
trivalent chromium
101–2
101–2
ulcerative colitis
97
97
unsaturated fats
24
24
vegetable oils
205
205
vegetables
green
186
186
root
186–7
186–7
villi
5–6
5–6
visceral obesity
223
223
vitamin A
and carotenoids
127–8
127–8
function
68
68
international units
69
69
recommended intakes
67
t
67
t
toxicity
70
70
vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
78–80
78–80
function
79
79
in pregnancy
79
79
recommended and upper safe levels
67
t
67
t
vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
83–7
83–7
dietary sources
85
85
function
84
84
inability to synthesize
83–4
83–4
recommended daily
amount
85
85
supplements
86–7
86–7
toxicity
86
86
see also
scurvy
scurvy
vitamin D
87–9
87–9
D2 (ergocalciferol)
87
87
and phosphorus
110
110
toxicity
89
89
vitamins
60–92
60–92
average needs
60–62
60–62
deficiency
62–6
62–6
and health
65–6
65–6
in organic food
169–70
169–70
storage
66
66
supplements for children
69
69
units of measurement
60
60
water
143–9
143–9
bottled
147–8
147–8
daily loss
144
144
daily needs
145–6
145–6
fluid balance
144–5
144–5
per cent of body weight
143–4
143–4
tap water
146
146
weight
219–34
219–34
Body Mass Index (BMI)
221–2
221–2
ideal weight for height
222
t
222
t
see also
obesity
obesity
weight loss
and energy needs
41–3
41–3
health benefits from
227
227
low-fat diets
229–30
229–30
low-glycaemic diets
231
231
and meal replacement
231–2
231–2
tips for
232–3
232–3
very low-calorie diets
228–9
228–9
women
see also
breast cancer
;
pregnant women
breast cancer
;
pregnant women
xylitol
21
21
zeaxanthin
131
131
zinc
dietary sources
115
115
in organic food
170
170
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
95
t
toxicity
116
116
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