Nutrition (34 page)
and mouth bacteria
151
151
and obesity
221
221
and salt
160–61
160–61
and selenium
195
195
and tea
125
125
and tomatoes
129–30
129–30
and weight loss
227
227
see also
atherosclerosis
;
cholesterol
atherosclerosis
;
cholesterol
hemp pasta
181
181
hemp seeds/oil
194
194
hepatic artery
9
9
herbicides
167–9
167–9
homeostasis
148
148
hormone-replacement therapy (HRT)
123
123
hydrolyzed plant protein (HPP)
164
164
hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP)
164
164
iron
deficiency
106–7
106–7
function
105–6
105–6
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
95
t
toxicity
107–8
107–8
and vegetarianism
215–16
215–16
Jerusalem artichokes
187
187
joules
38–9
38–9
kilocalories (Calories)
38–9
38–9
kilojoules
38–9
38–9
Krebs cycle
50–51
50–51
lactic acid
49
49
lactic-acid bacteria
137–42
137–42
lactitol
21
21
legumes
191–3
191–3
leptin hormone
225
225
lipid peroxides
27
27
lipoproteins
VLDL
59
59
liver
and acid-forming foods
154
154
and cholesterol
33
33
glucose production
55–7
55–7
glucose storage
57–9
57–9
of polar bears
71
71
low-fat diets
229–30
229–30
low-glycaemic diets
231
231
lutein
131–2
131–2
lycopene
129–30
129–30
Lyon Diet Heart Study
208–9
208–9
macular degeneration
131–2
131–2
magnesium
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
95
t
supplements
109
109
maltitol
21
21
maltose
15
15
meal-replacement products
231–2
231–2
meat
205–7
205–7
Mediterranean diet
207–9
207–9
menopause
122–3
122–3
mercury, in fish
201–2
201–2
metabolic rate
39–40
39–40
micronutrients
see
minerals
;
phytochemicals
;
vitamins
see
minerals
;
phytochemicals
;
vitamins
milk
196–8
196–8
minerals
bioavailablity
95–8
95–8
and gut disorders
97
97
and health
65–6
65–6
recommended and upper safe levels
94–5
t
94–5
t
mitochondria
44–5
44–5
monosaccharides
15–16
15–16
monosodium glutamate (MSG)
164
164
mouth
1–2
1–2
muscle cells
45
45
MyPyramid
175–6
175–6
neural tube defects
82–3
82–3
nicotinamide adenine dinucelotide phosphate (NADP)
75
75
obesity
apple-shaped/visceral
223
223
health risks
221
221
hereditary nature of
223
223
and hormones
224–7
224–7
see also
weight loss
weight loss
obestatin hormone
224
224
oestrogen
120
120
oligosaccharides
15–16
15–16
see also
fish oils
fish oils
osteomalacia
89
89
oxyntomodulin hormone
226
226
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) hormone
226
226
parathyroid glands
148
148
peanuts
195
195
pellagra
75
75
Peptide-YY (PYY) hormone
226
226
peptides
5
5
peristalsis
7–8
7–8
peroxides
27
27
pesticides
167–9
167–9
phenols
118–27
118–27
phytic acid
97–8
97–8
phytochemicals
117–37
117–37
beneficial effects
117
117
carotenoids
127–32
127–32
catechins
124–6
124–6
phenols
118–27
118–27
sulphur-containing compounds
133–7
133–7
piscivores
214
214
pituitary gland
84
84
polar-bear liver
71
71
polyols
21
21
polysaccharides
15–16
15–16
porridge oats
37
37
potassium
blood levels of
148
148
deficiency
111
111
recommended and upper safe levels
95
t
95
t
toxicity
111–12
111–12
potatoes
187
187
prebiotics
142
142
pregnant women
and allergies
141–2
141–2
and iodine
105
105
oily fish consumption
202
202
and soy foods
120
120
vitamin D and miscarriage
89
89
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