Never Give In! (92 page)

Reynaud, Paul
171
,
228

Rhine: crossing of (1944)
302

Rhineland: Germany occupies and fortifies (1936)
106
–
9
,
136

Rhodes James, Sir Robert (ed.):
Winston Churchill: The Complete Speeches 1897–1963
xxiii
,
134
,
325

Ribbentrop, Joachim von
163

Rochester University, New York: awards honorary degree to WSC
237
–
8

Rome: liberated (June 1944)
301

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin: in North Africa
227
,
269
,
282
,
286
–
7
; Alamein defeat,
284
,
289
; retreat,
289

Roosevelt, Franklin D.: in Second World War
161
; Joseph Kennedy misinforms,
189
; quotes Longfellow,
214
,
216
,
220
,
227
; sends Willkie to Britain,
214
,
216
; appoints Winant ambassador to Britain,
217
–
18
; promises and gives support for Britain,
227
,
275
; meets WSC and signs Atlantic Charter (1941),
246
–
7
,
249
,
251
–
2
; preparations for war,
253
; and aid to Russia,
253
; and Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,
260
; WSC meets in Washington (1941),
262
,
264
,
273
; at Casablanca,
289
; and WSC’s visit to USA (1943),
296
; at Yalta Conference,
310
–
4
,
318
,
320
; WSC’s obituary tribute to,
317
–
21
; and development of atomic bomb,
338
–
9
; on Four Freedoms,
358

Rothermere, Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount
74

Rotterdam: bombed by Germans
199
,
235
,
245
,
269
,
277

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
79

Royal Air Force: WSC pleads for strengthening
85
–
6
,
116
,
120
–
1
,
123
,
165
; use of French bases,
135
; in Battle of France (1940),
170
,
185
,
201
; at Dunkirk,
172
,
185
,
201
; in Battle of Britain,
192
–
3
,
201
–
2
,
207
; bombing campaign against Germany,
201
,
277
,
291
; in Battle of Atlantic,
225
; expansion,
243
; successes over Europe,
243

Royal Commission on Arms Manufacture
120

Royal Naval Air Service: WSC founds
45
;
see also
Fleet Air Arm

Royal Navy: WSC on pre-1914 condition and strength
11
–
12
,
38
–
9
,
42
–
4
,
47
,
51
; and Lloyd George’s 1909 budget,
28
,
41
; and air power,
45
; Estimates (1914),
46
; mobilised in World War I.
48
; contribution in World War I,
62
,
86
; inter-war condition and strength,
88
,
96
–
7
,
99
,
101
,
111
,
117
; anti-U-boat activities in World Wat II,
164
–
5
,
225
; in Dunkirk evacuation,
172
–
3
,
180
; in defence of Britain in World War II,
184
–
5
,
200
; and destruction of French fleet (1940),
189
; strengthened in World War II,
200
; and sinking of
Bismarck
,
234

Royal Scots Fusiliers: WSC commands
6
th Battalion in Flanders (1916)
55
,
57

Rumania
132
,
222

Russia (and USSR): collapse in First World War
60
–
1
; civil war (1919),
62
; under Communist rule,
72
; territorial ambitions (1930s),
81
; Pact with Germany (1939),
163
,
243
,
253
; WSC speculates on policy interests of (1939),
163
–
4
; Germany invades (1941),
240
–
3
,
253
–
4
,
257
,
280
,
287
,
327
; WSC proclaims alliance with,
240
; military campaign in,
253
,
265
,
276
–
8
,
294
; Western aid and supplies to,
253
,
272
,
278
; advance into Germany,
308
; and Yalta Agreement,
313
; post-war hostility to West,
337
,
344
–
5
,
350
–
2
,
364
,
395
,
412
; Treaty of Collaboration and Mutual Assistance with Britain,
349
; and proposed united Europe,
358
,
369
; dominance in Eastern Europe,
362
; acquires atomic weapons,
373
,
387
; and Stalin’s death,
404
–
5
; and nuclear threat and deterrence,
413
–
4

Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil,
3
rd Marquess of
28

Samson, Commander Charles Rumney
45

Samuel, Sir Herbert (
later
1st Viscount)
89
,
100

Saudi Arabia
66

Scharnhorst
(German battle-cruiser)
183
,
189

Schwab, Charles M.
91

Scottish Division,
9
th
57
–
8

‘Sealion’ Operation
xxv
i,
193
,
209

Serbia: and World War I outbreak
48

Sevez, General François
322

Shaw, George Bernard
21

Sheppard, Hugh Richard Lawrie, Dean of Canterbury
127

Shinwell, Emanuel (
later
Baron)
232

shipping (merchant): in World War II
201

Sidi Barrani
215

Silverman, Sydney
372

Simon, Sir John Allsebrook (
later
1st Viscount)
73
,
90
,
141

Simpson, Wallis (
later
Duchess of Windsor)
128

Singapore: surrenders
270
,
273
–
4

Smith, General Walter Bedell
322

Smuts, Field Marshal Jan Christian
187
,
275

Soames, Mary, Lady (WSC’s daughter)
xxiii

social reform
19
–
25

Socialism: and collectivism
19
,
24
; WSC’s views on,
21
–
4
,
70
,
72
–
4
,
97
,
329
–
31
,
359
–
60
,
372
–
3
,
378
–
85
,
388
–
90