Makers of Ancient Strategy: From the Persian Wars to the Fall of Rome (55 page)

empire building and, 67–70, 97; Epaminon-

importance of historical perspective on,

das’s humiliation of, 83n25, 93–99, 103–12;

2–10; intelligence gathering and, 7, 24, 53,

equal sharing of loot and, 192; helots and,

156, 232; Julius Caesar and, 206–24; keeping

98, 104–8, 112, 114n9, 115n11, 116n19;
homoioi

the initiative and, 221; King’s Peace and,

(equal class) concept and, 21; invasion of

70–73, 86n43, 88n56, 89nn59,63; legitimiza-

370–69 and, 96–99; King’s Peace and, 70–73,

tion and, 18; occupational, 6, 9–10, 15–16;

86n43, 88n56, 89nn59,63; Kleombrotos and,

Pericles and, 31, 36, 38, 40–55; preemption

97; Laconia and, 104, 106–8; Leontiades

and, 5–6, 96–100, 103–12; preventative,

and, 95; Lysander and, 67–68; Mantineia

100–104; psychological, 14–16, 28, 103–4,

and, 104; Messenian helots and, 93–94, 98,

119–20, 123, 129–30, 133, 167–68; self-promo-

104–8, 112, 114n9, 115n11, 116n19; multipolar

tion and, 18–19; slave wars and, 196–200;

state system and, 69, 73, 86n43; naval power

Spartacus and, 196, 198–200; Spartans

and, 86n43; The Peace of Antalcidas and,

and, 21; transpopulation policy and, 127;

71; Peloponessian League and, 32; Pericles

unilateralism and, 5–6; urban fighting and,

and, 42–45, 48; phalanx and, 95, 104; pitched

138–57; voting and, 32–33, 85n41, 87n47, 209,

battles and, 95–97, 139; preemption and,

211, 213, 220, 223; world opinion and, 157

102–3; slavery and, 186–88; tearless battle

Strauss, Barry, ix, 7–8, 185–205

and, 105; Thebes and, 95; urban fighting

street layouts, 146–49, 155

and, 139, 141–50, 153–55; view of fortifica-

Strymon River, 119

tions, 63, 66, 81n16, 82n24, 83n25

Sueves, 239

spears, 150, 155

Sulla, 198, 208, 210, 223

Speyer, 232

Susa, 120, 125, 128, 129

Sphodrias, 72, 73

Switzerland, 211

spice trade, 133

swords, 150, 155

Spitamanes, 121, 124

synods, 32–33

Stalingrad, 140

Syracuse: counterinsurgency and, 177; pre-

stasis
(civil strife), 141–42

emption and, 111; slavery and, 189; urban

state power, 174–75

fighting and, 142, 144, 148, 154–55, 157

stationes
(detachments), 170

Syria, 128, 166, 171, 172, 175, 194

stele of Aristoteles, 72

Sthenius of Thermae, 177

Tacitus, 167, 171, 235

stone throwers, 155

Tanagra, 96

Strabo, 200

Tarkontidmotos, 171

strategy: Aeneas the Tactician and, 75; Alex-

taxes, 16, 163–65, 176–77

ander and, 118–35; ancient parameters of,

Taxiles, 127

2–10; assassinations and, 18, 119, 141, 168,

tearless battle, 105

175, 182n22, 222, 234; battle of Marathon

technology: fortifications and, 5, 76–77; instant

and, 24–26; battle of Thermopylae and,

communications and, 140; Internet and, 2;

Index 263

technology (
continued
)

Thrasyboulos, 153

precision weapons and, 2; telecommuni-

Thrasydaios, 145

cations and, 2; urban fighting and, 7, 140,

Thriasian plain, 72

155–56; Western military superiority and,

Thucydides, 3, 9, 111; Athenian fortifications

7; world opinion and, 157

and, 61–63; democracy and, 94; Long

Tegea, 144, 146

Walls and, 84n30; Melian Dialogue and,

Tegyra, battle of, 96

36; naval power and, 81n16; ostracism of,

telecommunications, 2

46–47; Pericles and, 45–47, 51, 55; Persian

Temple of Aphrodite, 177

threat and, 33; preemption and, 102; The-

Temple of Jerusalem, 12, 15

mistoclean walls and, 61–62, 61–63; urban

Temple of Solomon, 12

fighting and, 139

Temple of the Tyndaridae, 149

Tiberius, 167, 170

Tenth Legion, 219

Tiberius Julius Alexander, 173

terrorism, 2; Baathists and, 102; Freedom

Trajan, 166

Tower and, 80n13; insurgents and, 168;

transpopulation policy, 127

Internet and, 2; Ionians and, 23; urban

tribalism, 7, 93, 156, 169, 178, 214–15

fighting and, 7

tribute, 34, 35, 38, 45

Tervingi, 233–34, 236, 238–39

Trier, 231

Tetrarchic emperors, 229–30, 234, 244n8

triremes, 60, 64, 67, 85n37

Teutoburg Forest, 165

Truth, 17–19

Thasos, 34

Tryphon, 194

theaters, 145

tsar, 207

Theban Sacred Band, 119

Turkey, 166

Thebes, 6, 68–69, 73–74, 90n68, 106; ascen-

twentieth century, 7

sion of, 95; backwardness of, 94; battle of

tyrannos
, 21–22

Leuctra and, 97; democracy and, 94–99;

tyrants, 33, 40; bandits and, 171; Julius Caesar

Epaminondas and, 93–112; famine and,

and, 207; Pericles on, 46; Thirty Tyrants

96; hegemony of, 93–94, 106, 113, 114n4,

and, 67, 139, 151

117nn28,29,30, 139; Pagondas and, 103;

Tyre, 120, 130, 132

Peloponnesian Wars and, 95; slavery and,

188; Spartans and, 95; street layouts and,

Ukraine, 32

146; urban fighting and, 138–39, 141–42, 144,

undertakers, 131

147, 149, 156–57

unilateralism, 5–6

Themistocles: as archon, 64; Attica defenses

United States, 3; Bush administration and, 102,

and, 59–60; Conon and, 75–76; decrees of

112; Civil War and, 191; coercive democra-

480 BC, 59–60; fortification building and,

tization and, 5–6; counterinsurgency and,

58–64, 70, 75, 81n16; Hippodamus and, 64;

178–79; diplomacy and, 215; fortifications

naval power and, 58–60, 63–65; Pentekon-

and, 76–77; Freedom Tower and, 80n13;

taetia and, 61–62

Ground Zero memorial and, 61; Iraq War

Theramenes, 67

and, 109–12, 140; Mexican border and, 5;

Thermopylae, battle of, 27–28

political structure of, 207; preemption and,

Thespiae, 60, 96

5–6, 102, 110–12; security zones and, 76–77;

Thessalus, 130

unilateralism and, 5–6; urban fighting and,

Thessaly, 186–88

138–57

thetes, 64

urban fighting, 7; Aeneas on, 154–55; agora

Third Messenian War, 188

and, 144–51; agriculture and, 143; assassina-

Third Punic War, 109

tions and, 141; battle formation and, 150;

Third World, 208

circuit wall and, 151–52; classical military

Thirty Tyrants, 67, 139, 151

thought and, 151–55; combatants in,

Thracians, 172, 190, 195, 199

149–51; communications and, 153; Cyrus

264 Index

and, 139; defensible locations and, 145–46;

Visigoths, 239–40

direct assault and, 141; discipline and, 148;

Vistula, 235

Epaminondas and, 153–54; factionalism

voting: Delian League and, 32–33; fortifications

and, 156; Fallujah and, 140; foreign oc-

and, 85n41, 87n47; Julius Caesar and, 209,

cupiers and, 142; fortifications and, 143–52;

211, 213, 220, 223; synods and, 32–33

gang warfare and, 141; gender issues and,

156; holding the acropolis and, 144; hop-

wars: aggressive vs. defensive, 100–103; civil,

lites and, 149–51; house-to-house, 147–49;

3, 131, 139, 142, 145–46, 150, 163, 165–66, 170,

intelligence needs and, 156; Iraq War and,

174, 176, 191, 198, 200, 206–10, 213, 216–17,

140; lessons from, 155–57; light infantry

221–24; consolidation challenges and, 6;

and, 151; mercenaries and, 157; modern,

fourth generation, 2; gang, 141; Greco-

140, 155–57; new technology for, 155; Pelo-

Persian, 20–28; guerrilla tactics and, 121,

ponnesian Wars and, 138–42; phalanx and,

124, 169–70, 196; human nature and, 3, 39,

150; Plataea and, 138–41, 144, 146; polis

48; importance of historical perspective

environment and, 143–49; propaganda

on, 2–10; insurrections and, 7–8, 10, 126,

and, 140; public buildings and, 145–46;

142, 189, 192, 200–201; intelligence gather-

riots and, 141; roof tiles and, 147, 155–56;

ing and, 7, 24, 53, 156, 232; King’s Peace

sectarianism and, 156; siege engineering

and, 70–73, 86n43, 88n56, 89nn59,63; naval

and, 141; sling bullets and, 141, 148;
stasis

power and, 51–53 (
see also
naval power);

(civil strife) and, 141–42; street layouts and,

occupational challenges and, 6, 9; politics

146–49, 155; surveillance and, 157; technol-

and, 209–11; preemption and, 94–112;

ogy and, 156; terrain and, 140; terrorism

revolts and, 7–8, 12, 23–24, 33–35, 82n22,

and, 7; Thebans and, 141, 144; Thirty Ty-

119, 122–26, 134, 142, 165–73, 182n31, 185–88,

rants and, 139; three- dimensional nature

200–202; sectarianism and, 156; slave,

of, 147; Thucydides on, 139; topographical

185–202; strategy and, 2 (
see also
strategy);

issues and, 141, 149, 156; treachery and,

tearless battle and, 105; urban fighting and,

141; trenches and, 146; types of, 141–43;

7, 138–57; Western heritage of, 3; world

weapons and, 149–51; weather and, 153;

opinion and, 157

world opinion and, 157

Washington, George, 207

U.S. Congress, 102

weapons, 149–51, 179, 191, 195–96

utopia, 192

world opinion, 157

Uxellodunum, 216

World War II era, 208

Worthington, Ian, ix–x, 6, 118–37

Valens, 228, 230

Valentinian, 228, 230

Xenophon, 3, 67–69, 71, 99, 106, 139

Vandals, 239

Xerxes, 2, 26–28, 37, 59, 100, 120, 132

Varro, 190

Veneti, 212

Yahweh, 15

Vercingetorix, 165, 216

Yauna, 16, 23–24

Verres, Gaius, 176–77, 199–200

Vesontio, 218

zealots, 112, 117n28

Vespasian, 165, 173

Zenobia, 166

Vindex, 166

Zizais, 231, 237

Index 265

• Title
  
• Copyright
  
• Contents
  
• List of Contributors
  
• Introduction: Makers of Ancient Strategy: From the Persian Wars to the Fall of Rome
  
• 1. From Persia with Love: Propaganda and Imperial Overreach in the Greco-Persian Wars
  
• 2. Pericles, Thucydides, and the Defense of Empire
  
• 3. Why Fortifications Endure: A Case Study of the Walls of Athens during the Classical Period
  
• 4. Epaminondas the Theban and the Doctrine of Preemptive War
  
• 5. Alexander the Great, Nation Building, and the Creation and Maintenance of Empire
  
• 6. Urban Warfare in the Classical Greek World
  
• 7. Counterinsurgency and the Enemies of Rome
  
• 8. Slave Wars of Greece and Rome
  
• 9. Julius Caesar and the General as State
  
• 10. Holding the Line: Frontier Defense and the Later Roman Empire
  
• Acknowledgments
  
• Index
  
  • A
    
  • B
    
  • C
    
  • D
    
  • E
    
  • F
    
  • G
    
  • H
    
  • I
    
  • J
    
  • K
    
  • L
    
  • M
    
  • N
    
  • O
    
  • P
    
  • Q
    
  • R
    
  • S
    
  • T
    
  • U
    
  • V
    
  • W
    
  • X
    
  • Y
    
  • Z