Magnificent Delusions (65 page)

3
. Ibid.

4
. “Deal Lets U.S. Drones Strike Bin Laden; Musharraf Agreement Limits Pentagon,”
Washington Times
, July 2, 2008.

5
. Cable from Ambassador Washington to Foreign Secretary, Durrani Meeting with Rice, December 19, 2008. Author's papers.

6
. Bob Woodward,
Obama's Wars
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 46–47.

7
. Zahid Hussain, “Pakistani Firing Exposes Rift Over Mumbai Probe,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 9, 2009.

8
. “Release of Proliferator of Nukes a Risk, Says U.S.; Pakistani Court Frees Rogue Scientist,”
Washington Times
, February 7, 2009.

9
. “Face Down Pakistani Army,”
USA Today
, April 1, 2009.

10
. Pamela Constable, “Pakistan's Plans for New Fight Stir Concern; Swat Refugees, Others Question Move to Battle Insurgents in Tribal South Waziristan,”
Washington Post
, June 24, 2009.

11
. “Mrs. Clinton in Pakistan,”
New York Times
, October 30, 2009.

12
. Mark Landler, “Clinton Arrives in Pakistan to Confront Rising Anti-Americanism,”
New York Times
, October 28, 2009.

13
. Letter from President Obama to President Zardari, November 11, 2009, author's papers.

14
. Woodward,
Obama's Wars
, 302.

15
. Peter Shanker, “Inside the Situation Room: How a War Plan Evolved,”
New York Times
, December 6, 2009.

16
. James Traub, “After Cheney,”
New York Times
, November 29, 2009.

17
. David Ignatius, “A Threat's New Face,”
Washington Post
, May 5, 2010.

18
. Julie Ray and Rajesh Srinivasan, “Pakistanis Criticize U.S. Action That Killed Osama Bin Laden,” Gallup World, May 18, 2011,
www.gallup.com/poll/147611/pakistanis-criticize-action-killed-osama-bin-laden.aspx
.

19
. “U.S. Image in Pakistan Falls No Further Following bin Laden Killing,” Pew Global Attitudes Project, June 21, 2011,
http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/06/21/u-s-image-in-pakistan-falls-no-further-following-bin-laden-killing
.

20
. Julian E. Barnes, Matthew Rosenberg, and Adam Entous, “U.S. Accuses Pakistan of Militant Ties,”
Wall Street Journal
, September 23, 2011.

Acknowledgments

President Asif Zardari and Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani made it possible for me to serve as Pakistan's ambassador to the United States and supported me under difficult circumstances, as did Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, who seems set to continue his family's tradition of public service.

US Senators John Kerry, John McCain, Joseph Lieberman and Mark Kirk helped me get out of Pakistan safely when, after resigning as ambassador, I faced a lynch-mob and false accusations.

The late Ambassador Richard Holbrooke and Marc Grossman were diplomats of distinction from whom I learned a lot. Anne Patterson and Cameron Munter, as my American counterparts, and Pakistani Foreign Secretary, Salman Bashir, helped me not only in doing my job as ambassador but also in understanding the complexities of the US-Pakistan relationship.

Howard and Teresita Schaffer, Marvin Weinbaum, Stephen Cohen, Bruce Riedel, Lisa Curtis, William Milam, Robert Hathaway, George Perkovich, Ashley Tellis, and Mark Siegel helped me clarify some of my concepts as did my colleagues at Boston University, Andrew Bacevich, Erik Goldstein, and Stephen Kinzer. Encouragement from Ken Weinstein, Lewis Libby, and Hillel Fradkin of Hudson Institute was invaluable.

The idea of this book was first mooted by Clive Priddle at Public Affairs, who was most supportive as editor, backed by an excellent team including Christine Marra and Jaime Leifer. It was a blessing to have the backing of Andrew Wylie, book agent extraordinaire.
Shuja Nawaz of the Atlantic Council helped me in settling on the title.

Dr. Aparna Pande, friend and colleague at Hudson Institute, helped me with research, especially as I sought archival material from original sources. A scholar in her own right, she has been especially valuable in organizing the inputs from many volunteer students and interns. Among these, Jamil Ahmed Hasan stands out for his diligence.

Some of my students at Boston University took time to help me track down dates, references, and facts with the sole objective of expanding their knowledge. These include Aarthi Gunasekaran, Annis Saniee, Christine Clarke, Cody Marden, Jillian Petrie, Kelsea-Marie Pym, Rachel Traver, Zack Swan, and Zain Homaeer.

My children Huda, Hammad, Maha, and Mira were helpful by letting their father spend an entire year on this book without complaining about parental inattention.

I would like to add that the views in this book, as well as any mistakes or errors, are solely my responsibility.

Index

Abdullah, Shaikh,
28

Acheson, Dean,
48
,
51
,
52–54

Afghanistan

       
after Soviet withdrawal,
278

       
Britain/Russia “Great Game” and,
29

       
communism/anticommunism and,
234
,
241

       
as country,
93–94

       
coups,
198
,
234

       
Dubs, US ambassador and,
235

       
Islamists and,
234

       
land reform/problems,
234

       
Muslims and,
93–94

       
Pakistan supported Mujahideen (after Soviets) and,
278
,
287–288
,
309
,
311

       
Soviet aid (1970s),
232

       
US air strikes/Pakistan airspace and,
298–299

       
US asking Pakistan's help in,
332

       
US troop surge,
340–341

Afghanistan-Pakistan relations

       
anti-American terrorists,
289

       
Ayub on Afghans,
93
,
100

       
establishment of diplomatic relations,
31

       
ISI/Gul installing Islamist groups,
278–279
,
281

       
Kashmiri-Jihadists and,
289

       
Pakistan and United Nations,
30
,
31

       
Pakistan supporting Afghan opposition groups,
232
,
233
,
234

       
Pashtuns/Pashtunistan and,
29
,
30–31
,
214
,
232–233
,
235
,
262

       
US aid to Pakistan and,
70
,
212

Afghanistan-Soviet conflict and Pakistan

       
Afghan Mujahideen/Islamist fighters,
3
,
241
,
242
,
247
,
251
,
256
,
257
,
260
,
262–264
,
268

       
aid to Pakistan/India's reaction,
252–253

       
Al-Qaeda fighters,
267

       
Brzezinski and,
244–245
,
247
,
249
,
253
,
254
,
257

       
Carter administration and,
241
,
242
,
244–245
,
247
,
248
,
249–250
,
251
,
253
,
255
,
263

       
divergence in US/Pakistan interests,
270

       
ending/Geneva Accord,
269

       
Pakistan during,
266

       
Pakistan/ISI control,
241
,
257
,
262–264

       
Pakistan Islamists training and,
259
,
267

       
Pakistan nuclear weapons and,
252
,
253–254
,
255
,
258
,
260–261
,
264–265
,
266–267

       
Pakistan/US aid and,
241
,
246–250
,
251
,
253
,
255
,
258–261
,
266–267

       
Saudi money and,
241–242
,
247
,
251
,
255
,
260
,
263
,
267–268

       
Soviet invasion,
242
,
244

       
Soviet losses/completing withdrawal,
264
,
278

       
Zia and,
235
,
240–241
,
242
,
252
,
254–257
,
258
,
259
,
260–261
,
262
,
264

Ahmad, Shamshad,
294
,
298

Ahmed, Aziz,
82–83

Ahmed, Ghiasuddin

       
India/Kashmir and,
190
,
212

       
requests for aid,
172–173
,
189–191
,
216–217

       
US military bases and,
187

Ahmed, Mahmud,
303
,
310
,
311–312

Ahsan, Syed Muhammad,
128–129
,
151
,
152

Akhund, Iqbal,
236

Al-Qaeda

       
attacks on US embassies, Africa/USS
Cole
,
291
,
298

       
bin Laden organizing,
288–289
,
291

       
Clinton/cruise missile strikes, Afghanistan,
298

       
Musharraf assassination attempts,
313

       
Pakistan and,
267
,
298
,
299
,
300
,
303
,
313
,
314
,
321
,
327
,
339
,
344

       
threat to Pakistan,
345–346

       
See also
September 11, 2001, attacks

Al-Saud, Turki bin Faisal, Prince,
251

Albright, Madeleine,
308

Ali, Amjad,
80

Ali, Athar,
342

Aliev, Ali,
44–45

All-India Muslim League,
12
,
15
,
16–17
,
18
,
19–20
,
33
,
54–55

Alling, Paul,
34
,
36

Anti-Americanism in Pakistan

       
bin Laden's death and,
346

       
burning US embassy (1979),
3–4
,
11
,
242–243

       
demonstrations against Vietnam War,
109

       
following 9/11 attacks,
311
,
313

       
India and,
307
,
311

       
ISI (1990s),
289

       
killing of Americans working at US consulate,
289

1950s/1960s,
11

       
nuclear power issue,
281–284
,
296–297

       
Pakistan media,
5
,
42
,
80
,
97
,
109
,
110
,
118
,
283–284
,
289
,
296–297
,
307
,
314–315
,
321
,
328
,
329
,
335–336