Magnificent Delusions (64 page)

9
. “Ms Bhutto Makes Her Case,”
New York Times
, June 12, 1989.

10
. Dennis Kux,
The United States and Pakistan, 1947–2000: Disenchanted Allies
(Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001), 306–307.

11
. Ibid., 299.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Lawrence Ziring, “Pakistan in 1990: The Fall of Benazir Bhutto,”
Asian Survey
31, no. 2 (February 1990): 114.

14
. Steve Coll, “Pakistan's Army Deep in Politics; Generals' Objectives Remain Unclarified,”
Washington Post
, August 9, 1990.

15
. “Defeat for Democracy in Pakistan,”
New York Times
, August 9, 1990.

16
. See Azhar Sohail,
Agencio ki Hukoomat
[in Urdu, “Government by Covert Agencies”] (Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard, 1993), 37–49.

17
. For excerpts from the filings by General Beg and General Durrani before Pakistan's Supreme Court, see Ardeshir Cowasjee, “We Never Learn from History,”
Dawn
, August 11 and 18, 2002. Also see “Beg Says He Is Not Answerable to Court,”
Dawn
, February 25, 1997.

18
. Kux,
The United States and Pakistan
, 308.

19
. Ibid., 309.

20
. Ibid., 308–309 and 318.

21
. Ibid., 312.

22
. Ibid., 309.

23
. Steve Coll, “Intrigue Permeates Pakistan: A Political Culture of ‘Shadow Games',”
Washington Post
, December 15, 1991.

24
. Strobe Talbott,
Engaging India: Diplomacy, Democracy and the Bomb
(Washington, DC: Brookings Press, 2004), 22.

25
. Ibid., 24.

26
. From Joint Staff HQs DC to DIA DC, “Pakistan Weapons Acquisition Efforts,” June 20, 1991, Department of Defense, National Security Archives.

27
. William J. Clinton, “Statement on the Apprehension of Ramzi A Youssef,” February 8, 1995, The American Presidency Project,
presidency.ucsb.edu
.

28
. Cable from [Excised] to Ron McMullen [Afghanistan Desk], “Developments in Afghanistan,” December 5, 1994, National Security Archives.

29
. Ahmed Rashid,
Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia
(New York: I. B.Tauris, 2000), 45.

30
. John F. Burns, “Pakistan Shifting Stance on Hard-Line Afghans,”
New York Times
, March 27, 1996.

31
. “The 9/11 Commission Report,” 9–11commission.gov/report/911 Report.pdf, 124.

32
. Cable from State Department to US Consulate Karachi, “The Harakat-ul-Ansar—The Pakistan Dimension [Excised],” March 29, 1995, National Security Archives.

33
. Ibid.

34
. Central Intelligence Agency, Report, “Harakat ul-Ansar: Increasing Threat to Western and Pakistani Interests,” August 1996, National Security Archives.

35
. William J. Clinton, “Statement on the Terrorist Attack in Pakistan,” March 8, 1995, The American Presidency Project,
presidency.ucsb.edu
.

36
. “Death in Pakistan,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 10, 1995.

37
. John War Anderson and Kamran Khan, “Pakistan Shelters Islamic Radicals; Militant Groups Train Warriors in Camps Near Afghan Border,”
Washington Post
, March 8, 1995.

38
. Ibid.

39
. Cable from Special Mission UNSMA [UN Special Mission to Afghanistan] to US Mission at the UN, “Present Pakistani Initiatives in Afghanistan” October 30, 1997, National Security Archives.

40
. “The Karachi Killings,” editorial,
Wall Street Journal
, November 13, 1997.

41
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Afghanistan: [Excised] Describes Pakistan's Current Thinking” March 9, 1998, National Security Archives.

42
. Cable from Secretary of State [Secretary Albright] to Embassy Islamabad, Pakistan: Ghauri Missile Flight, April 8, 1998, Wikileaks,
http://wikileaks.org/cable/1998/04/98STATE62472.html
.

43
. Nathan Glazer, “Why Arm Pakistan?,”
New York Times, April
13, 1998.

44
. John F. Burns, “India Sets 3 Nuclear Blasts, Defying a Worldwide Ban; Tests Bring a Sharp Outcry,”
New York Times
, May 12, 1998; “India Carries Out 2 More Atom Tests Despite Sanctions,”
New York Times
, May 14, 1998.

45
. Dan Balz, “U.S. Urges Pakistan to Forgo Tests; Clinton Pleas Issued as Nation Seems Set on Nuclear Exercise,”
Washington Post
, May 18, 1998.

46
. Talbott,
Engaging India
, 57.

47
. Memorandum from State Department to the White House [Berger], “Secretary's Morning Summary,” May 13, 1998, National Security Archives.

48
. Talbott,
Engaging India
, 59–61.

49
. Ibid., 59–61.

50
. Ibid., 62–63.

51
. Ibid.

52
. Cable from Embassy Islamabad [Amb Simons] to Department of State, “Prime Minister Succumbs to Domestic Pressure and Pakistan Conducts Five Nuclear Tests,” May 28, 1998, Wiki.

53
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Bad News on Pak Afghan Policy: GOP [Government of Pakistan] Support for the Taliban Appears to Be Getting Stronger,” July 1, 1998, National Security Archives.

54
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Afghanistan: Evidence Not There to Prove Assertions That Pak Troops Have Been Deployed to Assist Taliban in the North,” August 6, 1998, National Security Archives.

55
. Ibid.

56
. Bill Clinton,
My Life
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 2004), 745–746.

57
. Ibid.

58
. Ibid.

59
. Ibid., 748.

60
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Afghanistan: Reaction to U.S. Strikes Follows Predicable Lines: Taliban Angry, Their Opponents Support U.S.,” August 21, 1998, National Security Archives.

61
. Kamran Khan and Pamela Constable, “Pakistanis Reportedly Killed in Raids,”
Washington Post
, August 22, 1998; Pamela Constable, “U.S. Strike Is Blow to Pakistan's Rulers,”
Washington Post
, August 26, 1998.

62
. To the Secretary of State from Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs Karl F. Inderfurth, “Pakistan: Reaction to Afghanistan Strikes,” August 21, 1998, US Department of State, National Security Archives.

63
. To the Secretary of State from Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs Karl F. Inderfurth, “Pakistan: Reaction to Afghanistan Strikes,” August 21, 1998, US Department of State, National Security Archives.

64
. Howard B. Schaffer and Teresita C. Schaffer,
How Pakistan Negotiates with the United States
(Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, 2011), 175.

65
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Ambassador Reviews Again GOP [Government of Pakistan] Policy on Afghanistan,” January 7, 1999, National Security Archives.

66
. Kenneth J. Cooper, “India, Pakistan Kindle Hope for Peace; Leaders Meet Near Border After Symbolic Bus Trip, Pledge to Resolve Disputes,”
Washington Post
, February 21, 1999.

67
. William J. Clinton, ‘Statement on a Meeting of the PMs of India and Pakistan,” February 22, 1999, The American Presidency Project,
presidency.ucsb.edu
.

68
. Bruce O. Riedel,
American Diplomacy and the 1999 Kargil Summit at Blair House
(Philadelphia, PA: Center for the Advanced Study of India, 2002).

69
. Clinton,
My Life
, 800–802.

70
. Riedel,
American Diplomacy
.

71
. Clinton,
My Life
, 802.

72
. “Dangerous Coup in Pakistan,” editorial,
New York Times
, October 13, 1999.

73
. “Pakistan and the Senate,” editorial,
Wall Street Journal
, October 15, 1999.

74
. Steven Weisman, “Pakistan's Dangerous Addiction to Its Military,”
New York Times
, October 17, 1999.

75
. Ibid.

76
. Richard N. Haass, “Pakistan: Democracy Is Not Everything,”
IntellectualCapital.com
, November 11, 1999.

77
. Robert C. McFarlane, “The Uses of a Coup,”
New York Times
, October 14, 1999.

78
. Talbott,
Engaging India
, 190.

79
. Ibid.

80
. Ibid., 190–191.

81
. Clinton,
My Life
, 830–833.

82
. William J. Clinton, “Television Address to the People of Pakistan from Islamabad, Pakistan,” March 25, 2000, The American Presidency Project,
presidency.ucsb.edu
.

83
. Cable from Department of State to Embassy Islamabad, “Pakistan Support for Taliban,” September 26, 2000, National Security Archives.

84
. Ibid.

85
. Cable from Department of State to US Mission, “U/S Pickering Discusses Afghanistan, Democratization and Kashmir in NY with [Excised],” November 20, 2000, National Security Archives.

86
. Condoleezza Rice,
No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington
(New York: Crown Publishers, 2011), 24.

87
. Ibid., 65.

88
. Dick Cheney,
In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), 418.

89
. Rice,
No Higher Honor
, 62.

90
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, “Staffdel Focuses on Afghanistan at MFA,” August 30, 2001, National Security Archives.

91
. Cable from Deputy Secretary Armitage to Ambassador Chamberlin, “Deputy Secretary Armitage's Meeting with Pakistan Intel Chief Mahmud: You're Either with Us or Against Us,” September 12, 2001, National Security Archives.

92
. Cable from US Embassy [Islamabad] [Amb Chamberlin] to Department of State, “Musharraf: We Are with You in Your Action Plan in Afghanistan,” September 13, 2001, National Security Archives.

93
. Pervez Musharraf,
In the Line of Fire: A Memoir
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 200–207.

94
. George W. Bush,
Decision Points
(New York: Crown Publishers, 2010), 188.

95
. See President's Address to the Nation, September 19, 2004, available at Government of Pakistan,
infopak.gov.pk/President_Addresses/presidential_addresses_index.htm
.

96
. US Embassy [Islamabad], Cable, “Mahmud Plans 2nd Mission to Afghanistan,” September 24, 2001, National Security Archives.

97
. US Embassy [Islamabad], Cable, “Mahmud on Failed Kandahar Trip,” September 29, 2001, National Security Archives.

98
. Paul Watson, “A Revolving Door for Pakistan's Militants,”
Los Angeles Times
, November 17, 2002.

99
. John Lancaster and Kamran Khan, “Extremist Groups Renew Activity in Pakistan,”
Washington Post
, February 8, 2003.

100
. Jay Solomon, Zahid Hussain, and Keith Johnson, “Despite U.S. Effort, Pakistan Remains Key Terror Hub,”
Wall Street Journal
, July 22, 2005.

101
. Bush,
Decision Points
, 211–212.

102
. Rice,
No Higher Honor
, 442.

103
. Bush,
Decision Points
, 213–214.

104
. Cheney,
In My Time
, 523.

105
. David Sanger, “Cheney Warns Pakistan to Act Against Terrorists,”
New York Times
, February 27, 2007.

106
. Cable from Embassy [Islamabad] to Department of State, Bhutto's Homecoming, October 18, 2007. Wikileaks,
http://wikileaks.org/cable/2007/10/07ISLAMABAD4472.html
.

Chapter Seven: Parallel Universes

1
. Jiang Zemin, “Carrying Forward Generations of Friendly and Good-Neighborly Relations and Endeavoring Towards a Better Tomorrow for All,” December 2, 1996, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of China,
http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2757/2758/t16111.htm
.

2
. Eric Schmitt, “Plan Would Use Anti-Terror Aid on Pakistani Jets,”
New York Times
, July 24, 2008.