James Madison: A Life Reconsidered (64 page)

8
.
PMC,
10:192, to Ambrose Madison, Oct. 11, 1787; 10:197, to Washington, Oct. 18, 1787;
PH,
4:301,
Federalist
1, Oct. 27, 1787.

9
.
PMC,
10:253, to Washington, Nov. 18, 1787.

10
.
PMR,
1:618, “Detatched Memoranda,” ca. Jan. 31, 1820.

11
.
PMC,
10:182, 230–31, from Randolph, Sept. 30 and ca. Oct. 29, 1787; 10:252, 290, to Randolph, Nov. 18 and Dec. 2, 1787 (most words encoded).

12
.
PMC,
10:310–14, to Jefferson, Dec. 9, 1787.

13
.
PMC,
9:248, from Jefferson, Jan. 30, 1787; 9:318, to Jefferson, March 19, 1787; 10:64, from Jefferson, June 20, 1787 (italics added).

14
.
PMC,
10:337, from Jefferson, Dec. 20, 1787.

15
.
PMC,
10:208, to Jefferson, Oct. 24, 1787; 10:337, from Jefferson, Dec. 20, 1787.

16
.
PMC,
10:264–69,
Federalist
10, Nov. 22, 1787.

17
.
PMC,
10:288,
Federalist
14, Nov. 30, 1787.

18
.
PMC,
10:264,
Federalist
10, Nov. 22, 1787.

19
.
PMC,
10:476–77,
Federalist
51, Feb. 6, 1788.

20
.
PMC,
10:431,
Federalist
45, Jan. 26, 1788; 10:396–97,
Federalist
41, Jan. 19, 1788.

21
.
PMC,
10:424,
Federalist
44, Jan. 25, 1788.

22
. Chernow,
Hamilton,
261; Kesler,
Federalist Papers,
xi.

23
.
PMR,
1:618, “Detatched Memoranda,” ca. Jan. 21, 1820.

24
. Rossiter,
Federalist Papers,
vii
.

25
.
PMC,
10:360, 363–64,
Federalist
37, Jan. 11, 1788; 10:461–62,
Federalist
49, Feb. 2, 1788.

26
.
PMC,
10:261–63, “Madison’s Authorship of
The Federalist:
Editorial Note”; Adair, “Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers,” 102.

27
.
PMR,
1:619, “Detatched Memoranda,” ca. Jan. 31, 1820.

28
.
PMC,
10:446, from Madison Sr., Jan. 30, 1788; 10:350, from Randolph, Jan. 3, 1788; 10:419, to Washington, Jan. 25, 1788.

29
.
PMC,
10:469, from Washington, Feb. 5, 1788; 10:526–27, to Washington, Feb. 20, 1788.

30
.
PWD,
5:284–87, March 15–19, 1788;
PMC,
10:516, from James Gordon Jr., Feb. 17, 1788.

31
.
PMC,
10:541, from Spencer, Feb. 28, 1788; Leland and Greene,
Writings of the Late Elder John Leland,
223–24.

32
. Butterfield, “Elder John Leland, Jeffersonian Itinerant,” 190; Leland and Greene,
Writings of the Late Elder John Leland,
53.

33
.
PMC,
11:5, to Trist, March 25, 1788; Scarberry, “John Leland and James Madison,” 769.

34
.
PMC,
11:10, 40–41, from Nicholas, April 5 and May 9, 1788; 11:44–51, to Nicholas, May 17, 1788;
DHRC,
10:1250–52, speech of George Nicholas, June 13, 1788.

35
.
PMC,
11:19, to Randolph, April 10, 1788; 11:25–26, from Randolph, April 17, 1788.

36
.
PMC,
11:9, from Nicholas, April 5, 1788.

37
.
PMC,
11:64–65, from Carroll, May 28, 1788; 11:36, from Jefferson, May 3, 1788.

38
. Gish,
Virginia Taverns, Ordinaries, and Coffee Houses,
199; Christian,
Richmond, Her Past and Present,
32–33; Grigsby,
History of the Virginia Federal Convention,
1:99;
DHRC,
9:785, Richard Henry Lee to Mason, May 7, 1788;
PMC,
11:77, to Washington, June 4, 1788.

39
.
DHRC,
9:917, 929–30, speeches of Patrick Henry and Edmund Pendleton, June 4, 1788.

40
.
DHRC,
9:931–36, speech of Edmund Randolph, June 4, 1788.

41
.
DHRC,
10:1573, William Grayson to Nathan Dane, June 4, 1788;
PMC,
11:77, to Washington, June 4, 1788.

42
.
DHRC,
9:951–64, speech of Patrick Henry, June 5, 1788.

43
.
PWCE,
6:316,
from Bushrod Washington, June 7, 1788.
DHRC,
9:989–91, speech of James Madison, June 6, 1788. Madison only temporarily forgot Rhode Island, which did not send representatives to the Constitutional Convention. He was soon talking about the way “the smallest state in the Union has obstructed every attempt to reform the government.”

44
.
DHRC,
9:1035, speech of James Madison, June 7, 1788;
PMC,
11:101–2, to Hamilton and King, June 9, 1788; De Coppet Collection, Madison to Delaplaine, memo, Sept. 1816; LC-JM, to Jonathan Elliott, Nov. 1827. Migraines, thought by Hippocrates to result from too much yellow bile, were called “bilious headaches” or “bilious attacks” well into the twentieth century, and the distinction between migraines and epilepsy was not sharply drawn—which may also help explain Madison’s terminology. See Daniel,
Migraine,
105; Vining, “Bilious Attacks and Epilepsy,” 122; Gowers,
Borderland of Epilepsy,
76–93.

45
.
DHRC,
9:1143–44, 10:1206, speeches of James Madison, June 11 and 12, 1788.

46
.
DHRC,
9:1052, speech of Patrick Henry, June 9, 1788;
PJ,
12:571, to Donald, Feb. 7, 1788;
DHRC,
10:1223, speech of James Madison, June 12, 1788.

47
.
DHRC,
10:1229, 1242, 1248, speeches of Patrick Henry and James Madison, June 13, 1788.

48
. Brant,
Madison,
3:227;
PMC,
11:144, to Hamilton, June 16, 1788; 11:153, to Washington, June 18, 1788;
DHRC,
10:1687–88, extract of a letter from Richmond dated June 18, 1788,
Pennsylvania Mercury,
June 26, 1788; 10:1651, Stuart to John Breckinridge, June 19, 1778.

49
.
DHRC,
10:1474, 1477, speech of Patrick Henry, June 24, 1788.

50
.
DHRC,
10:1499–1504, speech of James Madison, June 24, 1788.

51
.
DHRC,
10:1506, speech of Patrick Henry, June 24, 1788; Grigsby,
History of the Virginia Federal Convention,
1:316–17;
DHRC,
10:1512, Roane memorandum, post-1817.

52
.
DHRC,
10:1507, speech of James Madison, June 24, 1788.

53
.
DHRC,
10:1538, June 25, 1788.

54
.
DHRC,
10:1704, Monroe to Jefferson, July 12, 1788 (most words encoded); 10:1690, Oster to Luzerne, June 28, 1788; Brant,
Madison,
3:227.

55
.
PMC,
11:170, from Washington, June 23, 1788.

56
.
PWD,
5:357, July 4–6, 1788;
PMC,
14:300–301, “Memorandum on a Discussion of the President’s Retirement,” May 5, 1792.

57
.
PMC,
14:301, “Memorandum on a Discussion of the President’s Retirement,” May 5, 1792;
PWP,
1:32–33, to Hamilton, Oct. 3, 1788.

58
. Koch,
Jefferson and Madison,
44–54;
PMC,
11:197, 227, to Jefferson, July 24 (most words encoded) and Aug. 10, 1788.

59
.
PMC,
11:353, from Jefferson, Nov. 18, 1788.

Chapter 8:
S
ETTING THE
M
ACHINE IN
M
OTION

1
. Brissot de Warville,
New Travels in the United States,
101.

2
. Ibid., 102; Ketcham,
Madison,
273;
PMC,
11:230, to Washington, Aug. 11, 1788.

3
.
PMC,
11:311, from Francis Corbin, Oct. 21, 1788.

4
.
PMC,
11:267, to John Brown, Sept. 26, 1788; 11:275, from Pendleton, Oct. 6, 1788.

5
.
PMC,
11:296, to Jefferson, Oct. 17, 1788.

6
.
Ibid.,
297;
DHRC,
10:1507, speech of James Madison, June 24, 1788.

7
.
PMC,
11:297–99, to Jefferson, Oct. 17, 1788.

8
.
PMC,
11:356, from Henry Lee, Nov. 19, 1788.

9
.
PMC,
11:388, from Henry Lee, Dec. 8, 1788; 11:352, from Carrington, Nov. 18, 1788; 11:386, from Burgess Ball, Dec. 8, 1788.

10
.
PMC,
11:351, from Washington, Nov. 17, 1788; 11:329, to Randolph, Nov. 2, 1788.

11
.
PMC,
11:418, to Washington, Jan. 14, 1789; Brant,
Madison,
3:240;
PMC,
11:404–5, to Eve, Jan. 2, 1789; 11:428–29, to a Resident of Spotsylvania County,
Virginia Herald,
Jan. 27, 1789.

12
. Hunt,
Life of James Madison,
165.

13
.
PMC,
11:442, from Leland, ca. Feb. 15, 1789.

14
.
PMC,
11:446, 447n1, from Washington, Feb. 16, 1789; 12:120–21, “Address of the President to Congress: Editorial Note.”

15
. Brant,
Madison,
3:243;
PMC,
12:3, to Washington, March 5, 1789.

16
. McCullough,
John Adams,
402; Baker,
Washington After the Revolution,
131; Freeman,
Washington,
564–65; Gordon S. Wood,
Empire of Liberty,
64n35.

17
. “Farewell to New York,” Aug. 12, 1790, U.S. Senate, 1787–1800, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Farewell_NY.htm;
PMC,
12:123, “Address of the President to Congress,” April 30, 1789; Madison,
Writings,
2:410, “Origin of the Constitutional Convention.”

18
.
PMC,
12:120–23, “Address of the President to Congress,” April 30, 1789; 12:131–32, from Washington, May 5, 1789; 12:166, from Washington, May 17, 1789.

19
. Gordon S. Wood,
Empire of Liberty,
55;
Documentary History of the First Federal Congress,
12:xiii–xiv; Ames,
Works,
1:36, to George Richards Minot, May 3, 1789.

20
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 107, April 9, 1789.

21
.
Ibid., 233–36, April 28, 1789.

22
. Ames,
Works,
1:35, 48–49, to Minot, May 3 and 29, 1789;
PMC,
12:54, “Madison at the First Session of the First Federal Congress: Editorial Note.”

23
. Remini,
House,
25.

24
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 385, 387, May 19, 1789.

25
.
PMC,
12:268–69, to Jefferson, June 30, 1789; Bemis,
Jay’s Treaty,
31–32;
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 247, May 4, 1789.

26
.
PMC,
12:269–70, to Jefferson, June 30, 1789; Bemis,
Jay’s Treaty,
54.

27
. Maclay,
Journal,
248, April 26, 1790.

28
. Ibid., 24–26, May 8–9, 1789;
PMC,
12:182, to Jefferson, May 23, 1789 (most words encoded); 12:315, from Jefferson, July 29, 1789 (all words encoded).

29
. Farrand,
Framing of the Constitution,
163; Sullivan,
Public Men of the Revolution,
120; “After-Dinner Anecdotes of James Madison,” 257–58.

30
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 257, May 4, 1789.

31
.
PMC,
11:404, to Eve, Jan. 2, 1789.

32
.
PMC,
12:175–76, to Trist, May 21, 1789. Bland would die a little over a year later.

33
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 441, 444–45, June 8, 1789.

34
. Ibid., 448–49.

35
. Ibid., 450.

36
. Ibid., 453–55.

37
. Ibid., 451–52.

38
. Ibid., 452–53.

39
.
PMC,
12:283, from Peters, July 5, 1789; 12:347, to Peters, Aug. 19, 1789.

40
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 731, Aug. 13, 1789.

41
. Ibid., 741.

42
. Ibid., 747–57, Aug. 14, 1789.

43
. Ibid., 759, Aug. 15, 1789.

44
. Ibid., 759–61.

45
. Ibid., 774; Goldwin,
From Parchment to Power,
124.

46
.
Creating the Bill of Rights,
xv, 278–79n1, 279, Elbridge Gerry to Samuel Gerry, June 30, 1790, and Leonard to Sylvanus Bourne, Aug. 16, 1789.

47
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 784, Aug. 17, 1789.

48
. Goldwin,
From Parchment to Power,
130–39;
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 790–92, Aug. 18, 1789.

49
.
PMC,
12:301–2, from Peters, July 20, 1789; 12:346–47, to Peters, Aug. 19, 1789; 12:348, to Pendleton, Aug. 21, 1789.

50
. The amendment concerning congressional pay was finally ratified in 1992.

51
. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
62.

52
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 1st sess., 816, 868, Aug. 27 and Sept. 3, 1789.

53
. Ibid., 876, 890, Sept. 3, 1789.

54
. Ibid., 912, Sept. 5, 1789; Ames,
Works,
1:69, to Minot, Sept. 3, 1789;
PMC,
12:402, to Pendleton, Sept. 14, 1789; Bowling,
Creation of Washington, D.C.,
138–39.

55
. Maclay,
Journal,
166, Sept. 25, 1789.