James Madison: A Life Reconsidered (62 page)

37
.
PJ,
1:241–42, to Randolph, Aug. 25, 1775.

38
.
PJ,
1:482,
to John Page, July 30, 1776 (italics added); Edward S. Evans,
Seals of Virginia,
37.

39
. Burnaby,
Travels Through the Middle Settlements in North-America,
42–43; Malone,
Jefferson,
1:101.

40
.
Republic of Letters,
1:60, 61n17; LC-JM, to Samuel H. Smith, Nov. 4, 1826.

Chapter 4:
A
R
OPE OF
S
AND

1
.
PWR,
18:448–49, to Harrison, Dec. 18–30, 1778.

2
. Conway,
Omitted Chapters of History Disclosed in the Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph,
41–47.

3
.
PMC,
1:319, to Harrison, Dec. 16, 1779.

4
.
PMC,
1:304, “Money,” Sept. 1779–March 1780; Francis Bowen,
Principles of Political Economy,
374–75.

5
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
227.

6
.
PMC,
2:6, to Jefferson, March 27, 1780.

7
.
PMC,
2:37, to Jefferson, June 2, 1780; Brant,
Madison,
2:29–30;
Journals of the Continental Congress,
17:477, 492, 571–72, June 1, 6, and 29, 1780; Papers of the Continental Congress, State Papers, 1777–1788, 2:392–93, June 6, 1780;
Letters of Delegates to Congress,
15:268, Samuel Huntington to Washington, June 6, 1780; LC-GW, ser. 4, to Continental Congress War Board, June 21, 1780.

8
.
PMC,
2:21, to Page, May 8, 1780; 2:20, to Jefferson, May 6, 1780.

9
.
PMC,
2:20, to Jefferson, May 6, 1780; Golway,
Washington’s General,
1–3, 165–66, 124.

10
.
Papers of the Continental Congress, “Letters from General Nathanael Greene,” 1:303–14, to Huntington, June 19, 1780;
PMC,
2:45, “Committee Report on Letter from Nathanael Greene,” July 22, 1780; Flexner,
George Washington in the American Revolution,
368–69.

11
. Chernow,
Washington,
379–82;
PMC,
2:111, to Jefferson, ca. Oct. 5, 1780.

12
. Brant,
Madison,
2:17; Ketcham,
Madison,
88, 107;
PMC,
2:123, 124n6,
to Jones, Oct. 10, 1780.

13
.
PMC,
2:97, “Expense Account as Delegate in Congress,” Sept. 25, 1780; Maxwell,
Portrait of William Floyd,
30; Brant,
Madison,
2:27;
PMC,
3:206, 4:64, 126, to Madison Sr., Aug. 1, 1781, ca. Feb. 12, 1782, and March 30, 1782; 5:87, 170, to Randolph, Aug. 27 and Sept. 30, 1782.

14
. “Randolph and Tucker Letters,” 41–43, Martha Bland to Frances Tucker, March 30, 1781.

15
. Flexner,
George Washington in the American Revolution,
360;
PMC,
2:81,
to Edmund Pendleton, Sept. 12, 1780; 2:89, to Jones, Sept. 19, 1780.

16
.
PMC,
2:120,
from Jones, Oct. 9, 1780; 2:145, to Jones, Oct. 24, 1780.

17
.
PMC,
2:144, from Pendleton, Oct. 23, 1780; 2:157, to Pendleton, Oct. 31, 1780.

18
.
Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States,
4:184, Arthur Lee to the President of Congress, Dec. 7, 1780; Bland,
Papers,
1:xxvii.

19
. Brant,
Madison,
2:65–69, 192–200.

20
. Ibid., 70–78;
PMC,
2:92n4, from Jones, Sept. 19, 1780; 2:132–34, “Draft of Letter to Jay, Explaining His Instructions,” Oct. 17, 1780.

21
.
PMC,
2:224, to Jones, Dec. 5, 1780; 2:195–96, Bland to Jefferson, Nov. 22, 1780.

22
. Bemis,
Diplomacy of the American Revolution,
107–8;
Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States,
4:738–65, Jay to the President of Congress, Oct. 3, 1781.

23
.
PMC,
2:191, 136–37, to Jones, Nov. 21 and Oct. 17, 1780.

24
. Brant,
Madison,
2:99–101.

25
.
PMC,
2:279, to Jefferson, Jan. 9, 1781; Freeman,
Washington,
453–55; Neimeyer,
America Goes to War,
148–51.

26
.
PMC,
2:297, to Pendleton, Jan. 23, 1781.

27
.
PMC,
3:10, 13n12, from the Reverend James Madison, March 9, 1781.

28
.
PMC,
3:172, from Pendleton, July 6, 1781; 3:207, 209n11, to Madison Sr., Aug. 1, 1781; Thomson,
Account of the Life, Lectures, and Writings of William Cullen, M.D.,
2:104–5.

29
. Cullen,
First Lines of the Practice of Physic,
2:iii, 86–108; De Coppet Collection, Madison to Delaplaine, memo, Sept. 1816. In a description approved by Madison, Edward Coles described Madison’s sudden attacks as “an affection of the breast and nerves.” Grigsby,
Virginia Convention of 1776,
84n.

30
. Cullen,
First Lines of the Practice of Physic,
2:104, 106, 108;
PJ,
4:567–68, from Bland, Feb. 9, 1781.

31
. LC-JM, Washington to Jones, March 24, 1781; Brant,
Madison,
2:55.

32
.
Letters of Delegates to Congress,
17:38, Thomas Rodney’s notes, post–March 8, 1781; William Baskerville Hamilton,
Thomas Rodney,
4, 25.

33
.
PMC,
3:71, 73n4, to Jefferson, April 16, 1781; 3:17–18, “Proposed Amendment of Articles of Confederation,” March 12, 1781.

34
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
274–75, 281–82; Malone,
Jefferson,
1:357.

35
.
PMC,
3:178, to Philip Mazzei, July 7, 1781; Brant,
Madison,
2:162;
PMC,
3:247, to Pendleton, Sept. 3, 1781.

36
. Brant,
Madison,
2:165;
PMC,
3:296, to Pendleton, Oct. 30, 1781.

37
. Brissot de Warville,
New Travels in the United States of America,
102.

38
.
Journals of the Continental Congress,
24:291, “The Address and Petition of the Officers of the Army of the United States,” April 29, 1783;
PMC,
6:55–56, to Randolph, Jan. 22, 1783.

39
.
PMC,
6:142, “Notes on Debates,” Jan. 28, 1783.

40
. Ibid., 143–47.

41
.
PMC,
6:273–74, “Notes on Debates,” Feb. 21, 1783.

42
.
PMC,
6:292, “Notes on Debates,” Feb. 26, 1783; 6:406, “Amendment to Report on Restoring Public Credit: Editorial Note”
;
6:407–8, “Notes on Debates,” March 28, 1783.

43
.
PMC,
2:209, to Jones, Nov. 28, 1780;
PMC,
7:304, 305n4, to Madison Sr., Sept. 8, 1783.

44
. LC-GW, ser. 3h, to Hamilton, April 4, 1783;
Journals of the Continental Congress,
24:295–97, to the Officers of the Army, April 29, 1783.

45
.
PMC,
6:481, to Jefferson, April 22, 1783.

46
.
PMC,
6:493–94, “Report on Address to the States by Congress,” April 25, 1783.

47
. Monroe,
Papers,
2:55–56, to John Francis Mercer, March 14, 1783; Brant,
Madison,
2:14.

48
. LC-JM and
PMC,
6:221, to Jefferson, Feb. 11, 1783; 6:235–36, from Jefferson, Feb. 14, 1783.

Chapter 5:
L
OVE AND
O
THER
R
ESOURCES OF
H
APPINESS

1
. South Carolina delegate Francis Kinloch, who entered Congress about a week after Madison, had married his fifteen-year-old sweetheart, Mildred Walker, in 1781. Kinloch was just ten years older than his bride, while Madison was sixteen years older than Kitty, or twice her age during their courtship, but examples of much greater age disparities are easy to find. John Witherspoon, famed president of Princeton, was almost three times the age of his second wife when they married.

2
. Maxwell,
Portrait of William Floyd,
20.

3
. Ibid., 31.

4
.
PMC,
6:459, from Jefferson, April 14, 1783.

5
.
PMC,
6:481, 7:18, to Jefferson, April 22 and May 6, 1783.

6
.
PMC,
7:177, “Notes on Debates,” June 21, 1783.

7
. Brant,
Madison,
2:294–95;
PMC,
7:177–78, “Notes on Debates,” June 21, 1783; 7:196, “Proclamation by Elias Boudinot,” June 24, 1783.

8
.
PMC,
7:216, 217n2, to Randolph, July 8, 1783; 7:230, to Jefferson, July 17, 1783.

9
. LC-JM, to Jefferson, Aug. 11, 1783; Brant,
Madison,
2:283–87;
PMC,
7:268, to Jefferson, Aug. 11, 1783. Brant was the first to decipher crossed-out portions of the letter; further decipherments can be found in
Letters of Delegates to Congress,
20:539; and this author added a few phrases.

10
.
PMC,
7:298–99, from Jefferson, Aug. 31, 1783.

11
. Gay,
James Madison,
42–44; Maxwell,
Portrait of William Floyd,
13; Torres-Reyes, “William Floyd Estate,” 34–35.

12
.
PMC,
7:401, to Jefferson, Dec. 10, 1783 (many words encoded).

13
.
PMC,
7:401, 404nn15–16, 418–19, to Jefferson, Dec. 10, 1783, and Feb. 11, 1784; 8:3, to Randolph, March 10, 1784;
7:411–12, from Jefferson, Jan. 1, 1784.

14
.
PMC,
7:298, from Jefferson, Aug. 31, 1783; 9:51–53, 78–81, to Jefferson, May 12 and June 19, 1786; 8:514–44, Appendix B: “Meteorological Journal for Orange County, Virginia, in Madison’s Hand”; 9:77, 8:266, 9:49, to Jefferson, June 19, 1786, April 27, 1785, and May 12, 1786.

15
.
PMC,
8:11, to Jefferson, March 16, 1784.

16
. Brant,
Madison,
2:313;
PMC,
8:3, to Randolph, March 10, 1784; Madison,
Writings,
2:396, “Origin of Constitutional Convention,” 1835.

17
.
PMC,
8:37, “The General Assembly Session of May 1784: Editorial Note”; Conway,
Omitted Chapters of History Disclosed in the Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph,
56, to Jefferson, May 15, 1784.

18
. Jean Edward Smith,
John Marshall,
88–89; Schoepf,
Travels in the Confederation,
2:64.

19
. Tyler,
Patrick Henry,
267;
PJ,
7:257, from Short, May 15, 1784.

20
.
PMC,
8:34, to Jefferson, May 15, 1784.

21
.
PMC,
8:80, to Madison Sr., June 15, 1784.

22
.
PMC,
8:93, to Jefferson, July 3, 1784; 8:178, from Jefferson, Dec. 8, 1784; 8:227, to Jefferson, Jan. 9, 1785.

23
. Breckinridge Family Papers, Archibald Stuart to John Breckinridge, Dec. 7, 1785.

24
. Malone,
Jefferson,
1:270–72;
PMC,
9:211–12, from Jefferson, Dec. 16, 1786; 9:267, to Jefferson, Feb. 15, 1787; Brant,
Madison,
2:357.

25
. Jefferson,
Autobiography,
58;
PMC,
9:244, to Edmund Pendleton, Jan. 9, 1787; 8:230–31, to Jefferson, Jan. 9, 1785.

26
. Lance Banning, “James Madison, the Statute for Religious Freedom, and the Crisis of Republican Convictions,” in
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom,
133n23.

27
.
PMC,
8:198, “Madison’s Notes for Debates on the General Assessment Bill,” Dec. 23–24, 1784; 8:157–58, to James Monroe, Nov. 27, 1784.

28
.
PMC,
8:264, from George Nicholas, April 22, 1785; 8:298–304, “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments,” June 20, 1785.

29
.
PMR,
1:612, “Detatched Memoranda,” ca. Jan. 31, 1820.

30
. Hening,
Statutes at Large,
12:84–86, “An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom”;
PMC,
8:474, to Jefferson, Jan. 22, 1786.

31
. Martin Marty, “Virginia Statute Two Hundred Years Later,” in
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom,
1–3.

32
. Taylor Diary, March 2, 1786;
PMC,
8:542, Appendix B: “Meteorological Journal for Orange County, in Madison’s Hand.”

33
.
PMC,
8:113, to Jefferson, Sept. 7, 1784.

34
. Bernier,
Lafayette,
18;
PMC,
8:121, to Jefferson, Oct. 17, 1784; Franklin,
Writings,
7:62, to George Washington, Aug. 1777.

35
.
PMC,
8:114, to Jefferson, Sept. 7, 1784.

36
.
PMC,
8:115, to Jefferson, Sept. 15, 1784; Evans Journal, Sept. 15–22, 1784; Brant,
Madison,
2:328–29.

37
. Barbé-Marbois,
Our Revolutionary Forefathers,
178–85.

38
.
PMC,
8:120–21, 121n2, to Jefferson, Oct. 17, 1784; 8:245, 186, from Lafayette, March 16, 1785, and Dec. 15, 1784; 8:345, to Jefferson, Aug. 20, 1785 (many words encoded).

39
. LC-TJ, from Madison, May 15, 1808.

40
. Buchan,
Domestic Medicine,
434;
PMC,
8:270, to Jefferson, April 27, 1785.

41
.
PMC,
8:178, from Jefferson, Dec. 8, 1784.

42
.
PMC,
8:270, to Jefferson, April 27, 1785; Brant,
Madison,
2:306.

43
.
PMC,
8:328, to Randolph, July 26, 1785.