James and Dolley Madison (62 page)

  
5
.
Spirit of Seventy Six
, January 16, 1810, and January 26, 1809.

  
6
. James Madison to the Vermont General Assembly, December 26, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:145–46.

  
7
. J. C. A. Stagg,
Mr. Madison's War: Politics, Diplomacy and Warfare in the Early American Republic, 1783–1830
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), pp. 177–87.

  
8
. Thomas Jefferson to John Armstrong, March 5, 1809, in Cutts Family Papers, Library of Congress.

  
9
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, August 7, 1809, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter cited as DMDE).

10
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, December 20, 1811, Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 24.

11
. Francis Jackson to his mother, October 7, 1809, and Francis Jackson to George Jackson, October 14, 1809, in
The Bath Archives: A Further Selection from the Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson
, ed. Lady Jackson (London, 1873), 1:17, 26; Lady Jackson to George Jackson, November 22, 1809, in Jackson,
Bath Archives
, 1:28.

12
. James Madison to William Pinkney, October 23, 1809, in Madison Papers, Princeton University Library.

13
. Ezekiel Bacon to Joseph Story, November 27, 1809, in Papers of Joseph Story, Library of Congress; Virginia Moore,
The Madisons: A Biography
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), p. 231; Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 499–500.

14
. Thomas Jefferson to Walter Jones, March 5, 1810, in
Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, by A. A. Lipscomb and A. E. Bergh (Washington, DC: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association of the United States, 1903), 9:274.

15
. Dolley Madison to a friend, March 27, 1812, in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 26.

16
. Edward Coles to John Coles, November 30, [year unknown], in David Ress,
Governor Edward Coles and the Vote to Forbid Slavery in Illinois, 1823–1824
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006), p. 39.

17
. Moore,
Madisons
, p. 249; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 15, 1811, in DMDE.

18
. Dolley Madison to a friend, March 27, 1812, in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 26.

19
. James Madison on Dolley Madison, in Cutts Family Papers, Library of Congress; Moore,
Madisons
, p. 231.

20
. John Pancake,
Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1752–1839
(Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, 1972), p. 85.

21
.
Aurora
, June 2, 1809.

22
.
Aurora
, June 6, 1809;
Baltimore American
, May 1809.

23
. Connecticut congressman Roger Nelson resolution in the House of Representatives, December 26, 1808, as reported in
National Intelligencer
, December 29, 1808.

24
.
Washington Federalist
, November 7, 1807.

25
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 499.

26
. James Madison to William Pinkney, October 10, 1810, in
The Writings of James Madison
, by James Madison and Galliard Hunt (New York: Russell and Russell, 1968), 8:121–22.

27
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, October 19, 1810, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 8:109; Ketcham,
James Madison
, pp. 504–506.

28
. Henry Clay to C. A. Rodney, August 17, 1811, in
Roger Brown, 1812: The Republic in Peril
, by Roger Brown (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964), pp. 30–31; Ketcham,
James Madison
, pp. 508–509.

29
. James Madison to William Raynolds, October 20, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:23.

30
. James Madison to William Pinkney, October 23, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:27–28.

31
. Vermont General Assembly to James Madison, November 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:68–71.

32
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, November 26, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:84–85.

33
. William Duane to James Madison, December 1, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:97–98.

34
. James Madison to Congress, November 29, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:90–95.

35
. James Madison to Pierre Samuel DuPont de Nemours, December 3, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:104.

36
. Henry Clay to W. Worsley, May 24, 1812 in
James Madison
, by Irving Brant (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 5:469.

CHAPTER 16. THE FIRST DAYS OF THE WAR OF 1812

  
1
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, March 26, 1812, in
The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826
, ed. James Smith (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), 3:1690–91;
New York Columbian
, June 19, 1812.

  
2
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, 1812, in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 27.

  
3
.
New York Columbian
, special edition, June 21, 1812.

  
4
. James Madison to Congress, November 1, 1812, in
Messages and Papers of the President
, comp. James Richardson (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1897–1917), 2:505.

  
5
. Ibid.

  
6
. John Calhoun to James McBride, April 4, 1812, in
Papers of John C. Calhoun
, ed. Robert Meriwether (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1959), pp. 99–100.

  
7
. John Keemle to James Madison, January 11, 1810, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 2:172–74.

  
8
. John Stark to James Madison, January 21, 1810, in ibid., pp. 200–201.

  
9
. George Washington Parke Custis to James Madison, May 31, 1810, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:363–65.

10
. Alfred Madison to James Madison, January 13, 1810, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:176–77.

11
. John Tyler to James Madison, January 15, 1810, in ibid., p. 179.

12
. Caesar Rodney to James Madison, January 16, 1810, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:181–87.

13
.
National Intelligencer
, February 5, 1810.

14
.
New York Columbian
, June 22 and 23, 1812.

15
.
National Intelligencer
, June 27, 1812.

16
. Republican Meeting of Cecil County, Maryland, to James Madison, February 21, 1810, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:252–53.

17
.
New York Columbian
, June 23, 1812;
Aurora
, July 1, 1812.

18
.
New York Columbian
, June 27, 1812.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Ibid., June 30, 1812.

21
.
Palladium
, June 30, 1812.

22
. Ibid., June 19 and July 28, 1812.

23
. Ibid., June 23, 1812.

24
. Ibid.

25
. Ibid.

26
. Ibid.

27
. George Logan to James Madison, January 10, 1810, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:169–72.

28
. Mrs. William Gale to her mother, spring 1812 in
Social Life in the Early Republic
, by Anne Hollingsworth Wharton (Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott, 1903), pp. 159–60.

29
.
Palladium
, July 3, 1812.

30
. Ibid., July 1812; Irving Brant,
James Madison
(Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 6:24–31;
Boston Evening Post
, July 31–August 10, 1812.

31
.
Palladium
, July 3, 1812.

32
. Ibid., July 7, 1812.

33
. Ibid., July 10, 1812.

34
. Ibid., July 21, 1812.

35
. Ibid., July 21 and 31, and August 7, 1812;
Salem Gazette
, June 23, 1812.

36
.
Palladium
, August 14, 1812.

37
. Ibid., August 11, 1812.

38
. Letter of Edwin Gray, in ibid., July 10, 1812.

39
. Virginia Moore,
The Madisons: A Biography
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), p. 244.

40
.
New York Columbian
, July 1, 1812.

41
. Ibid., July 3, 1812.

42
.
Palladium
, July 24, 1812.

43
. Paul F. Boller Jr.,
Presidential Campaigns
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 27.

44
.
National Intelligencer
, July 1, 1812;
New York Columbian
, July 3, 1812.

45
. Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(New York: Doubleday, 1949), pp. 222–23.

46
. Daniel Barnard,
Lecture on the Character and Services of James Madison
(Albany, NY: Power Press of Hoffman and White, 1837), pp. 42–43.

CHAPTER 17. THE WAR YEARS

  
1
. Rexford G. Tugwell,
The Enlargement of the Presidency
(Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1960), pp. 63–65; Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, March 6, 1813, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

  
2
. Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, October 17, 1812, in DMDE.

  
3
. Dolley Madison to Mrs. Joel Barlow, November 15, 1811, in ibid.

  
4
. Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), pp. 235–36.

  
5
. Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, October 17, 1812, in DMDE.

  
6
. Anne Hollingsworth Wharton,
Social Life in the Early Republic
(Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott, 1903), p. 163.

  
7
. James Madison to Congress, February 24, 1813, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 6:61–62.

  
8
. James Madison to John Nicholas, April 2, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:175–76.

  
9
. James Madison to Isaac Shelby, August 12, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:513.

10
. James Madison to John Armstrong, September 8, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:602–604.

11
. Henry Dearborn to James Madison, April 7, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:179–80.

12
. James Madison to William Plumer, April 14, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:197–98.

13
. Tench Coxe to James Madison, April 20, 1813, in ibid., presidential ser. 6:217–18.

14
. Daniel Webster to various friends, June 1813, in Webster Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society.

15
. James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson, June 28, 1813, in
Writings of Monroe
, by Stanislaus Hamilton (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1898–1903), 6:271–73; Louis Serrurier to Hugues Bassano, June 21, 1813, in
James Madison
, by Irving Brant (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946) 6:184; Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), p. 561.

16
. Phoebe Morris to Dolley Madison, June 24, 1813, in DMDE.

17
. Noel Gerson,
The Velvet Glove: A Life of Dolley Madison
(Nashville: Thomas and Nelson, 1975), p. 213.

18
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, April 8, 1812, in DMDE.

19
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, July 13, 1813, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 6:434–35; Jonathan Dayton to James Madison, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 6:436–38.

20
. Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, October 17, 1812, in DMDE.

21
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 205.

22
. Dolley Madison to Edward Coles, June 15, 1811, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 8, 1811, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, July 29, 1812, in DMDE.

23
. Phoebe Morris to Dolley Madison, May 6, 1811, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Phoebe Morris, May 10, 1811, in ibid.

24
. Elisha Scott to Dolley Madison, April 1, 1813, in ibid.; Stephen Sayre to Dolley Madison, March 8, 1809, in ibid.; Aaron Palmer to Dolley Madison, March 3, 1811, in ibid.; Lucy Rummey to Dolley Madison, July 10, 1813, in ibid.; Deborah Stabler to Dolley Madison, sometime in 1813, in ibid.

25
. Molly Randolph to Dolley Madison, June 6, 1809, in ibid.

26
. Dolley Madison to Hannah Gallatin, July 29, 1813, in ibid.; Dolley Madison to Mary Cutts, February 21, 1812, in ibid.

27
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 200–201.

28
. Jonathan Roberts to M. Roberts, November 17 and 25, 1811, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

29
. Dolley Madison to John Payne, September 21, 1809, in DMDE.