Invisible Romans (58 page)

attacks polytheists,
31

on legal disputes,
33
,
35
,
40

on death,
38

on women,
58
,
67
,
72

opposes same-sex practices,
69

instructions to slaves,
136
,
150
,
158

as son or grandson of freedman,
181

on career of soldier,
201

as source,
321

Paulus, Marcus Alfius,
146

Paulus, Sergius,
15

Paulus Prudentissimus, Julius,
237

peasants,
98

peculium
(slave’s purse),
151
–3

Pedanius Secundus: murdered by slaves,
142
,
145

Perilaus (Cilician eirenarch),
301

Petelia (modern Strongoli),
6

Petronius:
Satyricon:
on businessmen,
10

on petty official harassment,
23

on male domination,
29

on injustice of legal system,
34

on baths,
44

on marriage conflicts,
76
–7

on dignity of the poor,
115

on slaves and slavery,
127
–8,
134
,
136
–7,
143
,
146
,
148
,
152
–3,
161
,
164
,
174

on freedmen,
180
,
184
–5,
187
,
189

on soldier’s arrogance,
215

on brothel,
247

on gladiatorial enlistment,
267

on unsuccessful gladiators,
275
–6

as source,
318

Phaedrus,
68
,
127

Philippi,
40

Philo,
57
,
95

Philogelos
(Greek book of humor),
113

Philostratus:
Life of Apollonius,
88
,
92
,
95
,
120
,
137

Phlegon of Tralles,
127

pirates,
291
,
295
,
299
,
304
–6,
310
–14

Plancius, C.,
261

Plato,
106

Plautus: slave origin,
127

on slaves,
134
,
141

Amphitryon,
64
–5

Aulularia,
61

The Bacchae,
54

Comedy of Asses,
238
,
248
,
257

Curculio,
254

The Prisoners,
124
,
141
,
148
,
166

Pseudolus,
223

The Weevil,
258

Pliny the Elder: on charms and amulets,
13

on political associations,
43

on women as fortune-tellers,
87

on favored slave,
149

on forced billeting of soldiers,
213

Pliny the Younger: on runaway slaves,
159

Plutarch,
271
,
285
,
313

Pompeii: graffiti,
32
,
63
,
86
,
250
,
258
,
261
,
266
,
275
,
322

rivalry with Nuceria,
41
,
274

clubs,
43

brothel,
240
,
248

prostitutes in,
246
,
248
,
256
,
258

erotic art,
257

gladiatorial combats,
266
,
274
–5

poor, the: prejudice against,
7
–8

condition of,
97
–8,
100
,
103
–4,
124

work and earnings,
99
–101,
110
–12

burial,
101
–2

numbers,
103

beliefs and values,
105
–7,
110
–11

strife and competition,
107

religious outlook,
112

in subject position,
113
–15,
123

revolts,
115
–18

acceptance of status quo,
117
–20,
123
–4

disfavored by law,
121

Potter, David,
3

Praecilius (of Cirta),
9

Praeneste,
146

prostitutes and prostitution: attitudes to,
11
,
261
–4

male,
236
–7

practice of,
236
–7,
242
–5,
248
–9

high-class (courtesans),
237
–8,
248

slaves in,
237
,
246

temple,
237

legality,
238
–9,
261

taxed,
239
–42

earnings,
241
–3,
259

one-day festival permits,
241

and pimps,
242
–3,
246
,
259
,
261

entry to,
244
–5

numbers and widespread nature,
245
–6,
263

in brothels,
247
–8

venues,
248
–55

prices,
252
,
258
–9

and theater,
253
–4

names,
255

dress,
256
–7

performance and sex acts,
257

attacked in street,
260
–1

conditions,
261

pregnancy, contraception and abortion,
262
–3

and sexually transmitted diseases,
263

proverbs,
101
–5,
107
–8,
113
,
123
,
320

Pseudo-Lucian,
69

punishments,
38
,
40
,
229
,
304
–5
see also
crime

R

Rediker, Marcus:
Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea,
310
–14

religion: belief in,
13
,
17
–18

practices,
16
–17

ceremonies and celebrations,
42
,
72
,
94

women and,
93
–5

poor and,
112

slaves and,
166

freedmen and,
192
–4

among soldiers,
224
–7

riots,
40
–1

Robert, Louis,
284

Roman Empire: social classes and hierarchy,
5
–7,
19

population,
103

citizenship,
173
–4,
282

Rome (city): poor in,
101

Rowlandson, Jane,
61
–2

S

Salvian,
144
,
154
–5

Saturnalia,
166

Saturninus,
224

Saxons: as outlaws,
290

self-confidence,
12

senatorial order,
3
,
5

Seneca,
68
,
137
,
156

Servanus, Valerius,
133

Seven Sages,
106

Severus, Septimius, Roman Emperor,
201
,
220
,
293

Seviri Augustales,
192

sex: and control,
24
–5,
28
–9

and misconduct,
25
–6

in marriage,
26
–7,
66
–8

practices,
27
–32,
68
–9,
257
–8

enjoyment of,
67
–8

and slave abuse,
137
–8

among slaves,
160
–1

among soldiers,
222

and contraception,
262

see also
prostitutes and prostitution

sexually transmitted diseases,
263

shops and shopping,
48

silentarii
(slave informants),
144

Simon Magus,
15
–16

slaves: status,
8

punishment of,
38
–9

beginnings and development,
125
–6

sources of,
126
–8,
130
–2

numbers and distribution,
129
–30,
182

racial types,
129

children,
130
,
148
–9,
161
–3

trade in,
130
–2

conditions and treatment,
132
–6,
138
,
144

sexual abuse and exploitation,
137
–8,
149
,
161

laws on,
138

naming,
139

occupations and duties,
140
–1,
146

outlook,
141
,
147
,
169

community and interaction,
142
–7,
164

relations with free persons,
145
–6

desire for and attainment of freedom,
147
–8,
150
–1,
166
–9,
173
–7

relations with masters,
147
–53

acceptance of situation,
148

inheritance from masters,
148

acquire funds and money,
151
,
153

business dealings,
152
–3

resistance and non-cooperation,
154
–9

stealing,
155

violence and killings,
156
–7

rebellions,
157

runaway and recovery,
157
–9

suicides,
157

marriage and family,
159
–64

in cities,
164

recreations and diversions,
164
–5

and festivals,
166

of serving soldiers,
223

as prostitutes,
237
,
246
,
260

as gladiators,
266
–70,
282

social life: communal,
42
–3

Socrates,
106

soldiers: lifestyle and conditions,
196
,
198
–9,
204
–5,
234
–5

recruitment and numbers,
197
–203,
218
,
227

separation from family,
199
–200

earnings,
201
–2

as profession,
201

privileges under law,
202
–3

enrollment,
203

and literacy,
204

records,
204

daily life,
205
–10,
212

medical treatment,
207
–8

forced savings,
209

learning of skills and promotion,
210
–11

and women,
210
,
220
,
222
–3

status,
211
–13

arrogance and resentment of,
213
–15

and bribery,
216
,
229
–30

marriage ban,
216
–17,
219
–22

funerary dedications,
219