India: A History. Revised and Updated (128 page)

Thailand,
123

Thanesar, Haryana,
159
,
160
,
162
,
208
,
235

Thapar, Romila, historian,
4
,
19
,
38
–9,
99

Thar Desert, Sind/Rajasthan,
182

Theosophy,
457
,
458
,
473

Thevenot, Jean de, 17th c French visitor,
327

Thomas, St, apostle,
109
–10,
115
,
122

Tibet,
194
,
420
–1,
463
,
533
–6

Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, radical nationalist,
461
,
467
,
470
,
473
–4

Timur ‘the Lame’, Mongol leader,
274
,
290
,
320

Tipu Sultan, 18th c ruler of Mysore,
394
,
396
,
397
–401,
407

Tod, James, officer & antiquarian,
88
,
196
,
231
–3,
237
–8,
287
,
296
,
315
,
408
,
426

Todar Mal, Akbar’s finance minister,
318
,
325
–6,
331

Tomars, rajput lineage of Delhi & Gwalior,
199
,
206

Tondaimandalam, district in Tamil Nadu,
156
,
215

Toramana; Hun leader,
144
,
158

Tosali, Orissa,
98
,
100

Trade & Commerce,
xxvi
,
52
,
55
,
60
,
84
,
90
,
117
,
118
–28,
145
–6,
158
,
181
,
188
,
275
,
305
–6,
323
,
370
,
372
–3,
391
,
398
,
414
,
428
–9,
449
,
451
,
531
,
538
,
562
,
603

Harappan,
12
,
15
–17

Trautman, Thomas, historian,
81

Travancore, southern Kerala,
400
,
488

Trilochanapala, 11th c Shaka king,
211
–2

Tripura,
528

Tughluq Dynasty, Delhi sultans,
261

Tughluqabad,
262
–5,
269

Tully, Mark, journalist & author,
511
,
579

Tulsi Das, Hindi poet,
44

Tunga, 11th c Kashmiri commander,
211
–2

Tungabhadra River,
283

Turfan, China,
104

Turks (Turuskas) 203–4,
234
,
235
,
238
,
240
,
243
,
247
,
249
,
255
,
291

Udai Singh, rajput rana of Mewar,
313
–5

Udaipur, Rajasthan,
315
,
330
,
346

Udayagiri, Orissa,
148

Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh,
42
,
51
,
90
,
98
,
100
,
105
,
111
,
130
,
146
,
187
,
227
,
339
,
368

Ulema
, the legal, academic & religious ‘establishment’ in Muslim society,
231
,
275
,
282
,
287
,
316
,
318
,
342
,
344

Uma, deity,
109

Umarkot, Sind,
312

Umayyad Caliphate,
180
,
186

United States of American,
533
,
540
,
548
,
558
,
559
,
569
,
592
–5,
602

United Nations,
515
–6,
534
,
547
,
561
,
594

USSR,
533
,
548
,
558
,
559
,
569
,
592
–3

Union Carbide,
583
–5

Unionist Party of Panjab,
492
,
500
,
506

Upanisads
, ancient Sanskrit texts concerned with metaphysics & mysticism,
26
,
30
,
66
,
147
,
339

Urdu language,
336
,
435
,
457
,
528

‘Usmanistan’,
512
–3

Ushas, Vedic deity,
30

Utkala, kingdom in Orissa,
193

Uttar Pradesh,
40
,
135
,
159
,
296
,
415
,
519
–20,
598
–9

Uttarapatha
, the ‘northern route’ of
arya
settlement or traffic,
43
,
44
,
61
,
169

Vaishnava, Vaishnavite, ‘pertaining to Vishnu’ (
q.v.
)

Vaisali, capital of the Licchavi republic,
52
,
64
,
67
–8,
69

Vaisya
, the wealth-creating & mercantile caste,
52
–3,
82
,
120

Vajpayee, Atul Behari, prime minister,
575
–6,
598
,
602
,
603

Vakatakas,
3
rd–5th c Deccan dynasty,
142
,
150

Vallabhi, Gujarat,
144
,
157
,
159
,
166

Vanga, kingdom in Bengal,
142
,
193

Varanasi, Uttar P’radesh,
xx
,
33
,
44
–5,
51
,
67
,
157
,
239
,
241
,
244
,
342
,
392
,
439
,
441

Vardhanas, 7th c dynasty of Thanesar & Kanauj,
159
,
160
–7

Varna
, the fourfold division of post-Vedic society into classes or castes,
54
,
64
,
98
,
145
,
189
, see also
brahmans, ksatriya, vaisya, sudras

Varnaramadharma
, social order based on
varna
and on the ages of man,
64

Varuna, Vedic deity,
25

Vasudeva, deity,
108

Vasudeva, 1st c
BC
Kanva king,
105

Vatsaraja, 8th c Gurjara-Pratihara ruler,
197

Vatsyana, supposed author of
Kamasutra
,
103

Vedas, collections of early Sanskrit hymns,
1
,
6
,
19
,
21
–2,
23
,
24
,
27
,
29
–34,
37
,
52
,
148
,
149

Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
354
,
437

Ventura, General, Napoleonic officer,
422

Vengi, kingdom in Andhra Pradesh,
170
,
216
,
220

Victoria, Queen,
446
–7

Videha, clan & territory in Bihar,
43
,
48

Vidisha, Andhra Pradesh,
90
,
108

Vietnam,
104
,
123
,
124
,
133
,
177
,
515

Vigraha-raja, 12th c Chahamana king of Ajmer,
233

Vijayaditya, 8th c Chalukya king,
174

Vijayadurg, Maharashtra,
381

Vijayanagar (Hampi), Karnataka,
277
,
279
,
280
–3,
294
,
302
–8

Vikramaditya, 16th c Tomar ruler of Gwalior,
293

Vikramaditya I, 7th c Chalukya king,
172
,
174

Vikramaditya II, 8th c Chalukya king,
173
–4,
190

Vikramashila, Bihar,
193

Vinayaditya, 11th c Hoysala king,
251

Vindhya Hills,
43
,
84
,
163

Vishnu, deity,
xvii
,
2
,
49
,
108
,
124
,
139
,
147
–8,
191

Vishnugopa, 4th c Pallava king,
137

Vishwa Hindu Parishad (V.H.P), World Hindu Council,
598
–9

Vitashoka, brother of Ashoka,
91

Vivekananda, 19th c Hindu reformist & teacher,
458

Vratya
, ‘degenerate’ or quasi, as in
vratyaksatriya
,
59

Wadgaon, Battle & Convention of (1779),
405

Walid, Caliph,
185
–6

Wandiwash, Battle of (1760),
394

Warangal, Andhra Pradesh,
252
,
258
,
263

Watson, Admiral Charles,
381
,
390

Wavell, Lord, Viceroy,
500
–1,
504

Waziristan,
596

Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington,
400
,
409
–10

Wellesley, Richard, Governor-General,
399
–400,
401
,
408
,
410
,
416

Wells, H.G., writer,
92

West Bengal,
550
,
552

‘West Pakistan’,
539
,
542
,
554
,
555

Western Ghats,
xxii
,
127
,
168
,
338
,
350
,
356
–7

Western Satraps, Shaka rulers of Gujarat/Malwa,
111
,
126
,
130
–3,
137
,
141

Wheeler, Sir Mortimer, archaeologist,
9
,
14
,
22
–3

Wilberforce, William, philanthropist & propagandist,
429

Wima Kadphises, Kushana king,
111
,
115

Wodeyars, Mysore dynasty,
394
–5,
401
,
426

World War I,
470
–1

World War II,
495
,
498
,
504

Wyllie, Sir Curzon, political secretary to Secretary of State for India,
468

Xenophon, historian,
58

Xerxes, Achaemenid king,
58
–9

Yadavas,
arya
lineage descended from Yada,
35
,
42
–3,
147
,
251
,
252

Yale, Elihu, American-born employee of East India Company,
373

Yasodharman of Malwa, 6th c victor over the Huns,
158

Yaswant Rao Holkar, 18th c Maratha leader,
408

Yaudheyas, tribe of Rajasthan,
131
,
137

Yavanas
, Sanskrit term for Greeks & other western foreigners,
59
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
121
,
127
,
187
,
193

Younghusband, Francis, officer & explorer,
463

Yudhisthira, one of the five Pandava heroes,
39
,
46

Yueh-chi, Central Asian tribe,
110
,
113

Zahir-ud-Din Mohammed
see
Babur
Zamindars
, ‘land-holders’, rural magnates & revenue officers,
321
,
325
,
362
,
376
,
386
,
392
,
430
,
450