Ideology: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) (20 page)

   support
108

debate
67
–70

decision-making
34
,
55
,
56
,
70
,
127

decolonialization
82

deconstruction
110

decontestation
54
–60,
68
,
80
,
109
,
124
,
126
,
127

democracy
8
,
39
,
41
,
90

   conceptual history and
73

   permeability of
63
–4

Destutt de Tracy, Antoine
4
,
5
,
13

differentiation
124
–5

direct democracy
73

discourse analysis
103
–9,
112
–13

dissemination of ideology
5
–6

distortion, ideological
7
–9,
14
,
27
,
111

divine right of kings
48

division of labour
6
,
7

documentaries
33

dogma
24

Eastern Europe
86
,
91

Eastern ideologies
100

economics
34
,
37
,
88
,
96

education
25
,
34

elections
73

emotions
39
–40,
69
–70,
120
–1

empiricism
10

end-of-ideology theories
35
–9,
93
,
102

Engels, Friedrich
5
,
6
,
13
,
23
,
59

English history
42

Enlightenment
32
,
104

entrepreneurship
82
,
125

environmentalism
56
,
57

equality
8
,
38
,
52
,
68

   conservatism
89

   as desirable key concept
72

   liberalism and
82

   manifold conceptions of
53

   of opportunity
64

   socialism and
83
,
84

Fabian Society
84

Fabian Tracts
34

false consciousness
7
–9,
14

family resemblances
43
,
75
,
80

family values
57
,
96

fascism
1
,
35
,
79
,
89
,
90
–1,
93

   historical time
75

   logical constraints
55
–6

   nationalism
99

   time and
75

   visual imagery
114
–15,
116
,
117

fear, and conservatism
89

feminism
98
,
99
–100

Foucault, Michel
105

Fourier, Charles
84

France, intellectuals in
33

franchise restrictions
73

free choice
20
,
21
,
23
,
89

free market
82
,
87
,
95

‘freedom-loving’
27

freedom of thought
81

French Revolution
4
,
40

functionalism
32
–4

Geertz, Clifford
40
–2

gender
108

general will
91

German Ideology, The
(Marx and Engels)
5

Germany
73
,
83
,
91

global ideology
94
–5

global warming
56

globalization
94
–5,
97

good practice
97

grammar
45

Gramsci, Antonio
19
–25,
29
,
33
,
38
,
96

Greek democracy
73

green politics
79
,
98

groups
83
,
84

   significant
32
,
33
–4

hegemony
20
–1,
83
,
94
,
97

hermeneutics
48
–50,
73
,
76
,
103
,
110
,
124

historical process
84

historical time
42
,
60
,
74
–5

Hitler, Adolf
76
,
83
,
117

Holocaust
91

House of Commons
9

human rights
56
,
60
,
81
–2,
82
,
99

   abuse
92

human status
106

idealogues
10

ideas
11
,
15
,
17

identity:

   collective national
42

   discourse analysis
104
–5,
107

ideological maps
2
–3,
41
–2,
99

imagery
114
–19

imaginative creativity
127
–8

impressionism
4

individualism
72
,
81
,
89
,
100
,
106

individuation
124
–5

Indonesia
37

inequality
89

inheritance
52

institutionalism, ideological
78
–9

intellectuals
79

   free-floating
14
–15,
17

   hegemonic
20

   Marxism and
10

   organic
24
–5

   as ‘priests’
38

   significant groups of
33

internet
97

interpellating (naming)
30

interpretation
2
–3,
11

interventionism
49
,
64
,
82
,
87

invasion of privacy
98

Islam
101
–2

Japan
100

Jews
43
,
91

justice
38
,
51
–2,
83

kibbutzim
84

knowledge
13
,
16
–17

Koselleck, Reinhart
72
,
73

labelling ideologies
76
–7

Lacanian psychoanalytical theory
111

Laclau, Ernesto and Mouffe, Chantal
110
,
111

Lane, Robert E.
40

language
45
,
119

   deconstruction
110

   discourse theory
103
–9

   games
43
–4,
109

leadership
20
,
48
,
125

   cult
91
,
92

left/right politics
40
,
69
,
79

legitimacy
51

Lenin, Vladimir
91

liberalism
1
,
31
,
35
,
37
,
42
,
50
,
76
,
81
–3

   and conservatism
90

   emotions and
120

   free choice
21
,
23

   individuation
125

   and nationalism
99

   negative
48
–9

   non-negotiable assumptions of
56

   permeability of
64

   persuasive political arguments
69

   political concepts of
51
,
62

   recurring patterns
32
–3

   Wittgenstein’s family resemblances applied to
43
–4

libertarianism
95

linguistics
72
,
107

living standards
35

logical constraints on ideologies
55
–7

logos
33
,
115

Machiavelli, Niccolo
47
,
119

macro-ideologies
78
–81,
98
see also
conservatism; liberalism; socialism; totalitarianism

macro/micro-analysis
79
–80

manifestos
31
,
34

Mannheim, Karl
12
–19,
24
,
33
,
38
,
49

market economy
82

Marx, Karl
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
11
,
13
,
59

   dismissal of Gramsci
23

   and ideology
18
–19

   on making history
75

Marxism
84
,
99
,
126

   and Althusser
25

   conception of ideology
7
–11

   discourse theory and
104

   end-of-ideology
35
,
38

   Gramsci and
19
–24

   Mannheim and
12
,
13

masculinity
104

mass activation
92

mass communication
25
,
96
,
114
,
117

materialism
27
–30,
110

meaning:

   shifting horizons of
73

   signifiers
111
,
112

   surplus of
46
–7

   totalitarianism
121

media
33
,
96

metaphors
41
,
47
,
119

metaphysics
5

micro-ideologies
94
–102,
103

Mill, John Stuart
81

millennium celebrations
73
–4

mixed economy
96

mobilization of support
65
,
107
,
117

Molière
1

morality
5
,
67
,
128

morphology
51
–5,
62
–3,
67
,
79
,
92
,
98
,
101
,
128

multiculturalism
100

Mussolini, Benito
90

myth
92
,
119

narratives
104
,
108

national socialism
see
Nazism

nationalism
41
,
70
,
71
,
91
,
97
,
98
–9

nationalization
86
,
89

natural change
88

natural science
5

Nature
88

Nazism
35
,
43
,
76
,
91
,
114
–15,
116
,
117

need
83
,
86

negative liberty
48
–9

neo-liberalism
95
,
127

New Deal
82

new world order
82

newspaper crusades
96

Nineteen Eighty-Four
(Orwell)
92

non-verbal ideologies
114
–19

Nuremberg rallies
114
–15,
116

objectivity
17
–18

optimism
1

Orwell, George
92

Owen, Robert
84

pan-Arabism
37

partner selection
21
,
23

party politics
31

paternalism
87
,
96

patriotism
34

patterns:

   of interdependence
51
–2

   recurring
32
–3

performance league tables
97

peripheral concepts
62
,
117
–18

permeability
63
–4

personal liberty
50

persuasiveness
34
,
50
,
68
–9

philosophy
5
–6,
14
,
23
,
126

pluralism
13
,
17
,
26
–7,
52

policy-making
32
,
34
,
127

   competitive ideologies
78

   control of political language
55

   ideological solutions to
37
–8

political concepts:

   conceptual history
72
–7

   conservative
88

   decontesting
54
–60

   
essential contestability of
52
–4

   four Ps
60
–6

   liberal
81

   socialist
83
–4

   totalitarian
91
,
92

political messages
50

political parties
73

   American
40

   conservative
34
,
57
,
87

   and ideologies
78
–9

   socialist
34
,
86

political philosophy
67
–72,
72
,
74
,
106
,
126
,
128