Henry VIII's Last Victim (65 page)

5
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 47v; Gruffydd III, p. 344.

6
Montluc cited
by Bapst, p. 329.
St. P
. XI, p. 18;
LP
XXI i, 128. According to the English, though, du Biez fled with his horsemen.

7
Gruffydd III, p. 345.

8
St. P
. XI, p. 17;
LP
XXI i, 128.

9
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 48v; Nott, p. 202;
CSP Sp
. VIII, 184;
CSP Ven
. V, 373.

10
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 48v.

11
Ibid., fo. 49.

12
Gruffydd III, pp. 343–5.

13
For Gruffydd, see all Davies’ articles cited in the abbreviations. Also, T. Jones, ‘A Welsh Chronicler in Tudor England’,
The Welsh History Review
, 1/1 (1960); P. Morgan, ‘Elis Gruffudd of Gronant: Tudor Chronicler Extraordinary’,
Flintshire Historical Society Publications
, 25 (1971–2);
Lisle Letters
VI, p. 43.

14
For example, his account of the Dauphin’s camisado of 1544 is consistent with the
Commentaires
of Montluc (Gruffydd III, note 5 on p. 342).

15
Cited and translated by Sessions (1999), pp. 291–2.

16
Gruffydd III, p. 345.

17
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 47v, 49.

18
Herbert, p. 538.

19
Anstis,
Register
II, p. 298.

20
Gruffydd III, p. 345.

21
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 50. On 10 January Surrey sent Thomas Wyatt to report to Lord Cobham in Calais and Lord Grey in Guisnes (BL Harleian MS 283, fo. 341).

22
See Paget’s letter to Surrey below.

23
CSP Sp
. VIII, 184.

24
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 57x. There is some doubt over the date of this letter. It is endorsed ‘11 December 1545’, but this is manifestly wrong, as St Etienne was fought the following month. It is often assumed that the correct date must be 11 January, but this may be a little early for the Council to be complaining of ‘so many days’ having passed. See the editor’s comments on p. xx of
LP
XXI i.

25
St. P
. XI, pp. 16–18. See too Gardiner and Paget’s letters below, which also imply some fault in the ordering of the horsemen.

26
PRO SP 1/213, fo. 170. This manuscript is partially mutilated.

27
Oxburgh Hall Bedingfeld MS: Paget to Surrey, 17 Jan. 1546.

28
J. Ponet,
A Shorte Treatise of Politike Power, 1556
(Amsterdam and New York, 1972), sig. I.iiiv.

29
PRO SP 1/214, fos. 115–16v.

30
St. P
. IX, p. 60.

31
Nott, letters XVIII, XXVI.

32
PRO SP 1/215, fo. 34.

33
Nott, letters
XVII; PRO SP 1/214, fo. 115v–16. Crofts’ disappointment did not last long. The following month he was appointed Under Marshal (PRO SP 1/215, fo. 145v).

34
PRO SP 1/215, fo. 35.

35
Nott, letters XXI, XXIV.

36
Oxburgh Hall Bedingfeld MS: Paget to Surrey, 25 Sept. 1545; PRO SP 1/215, fo. 35v.

37
PRO SP 1/215, fo. 145.

38
Junius,
Epistolae
, pp. 89–91.

39
CSP Sp
. VIII, 226;
APC
I, p. 364.

40
APC
I, p. 366;
LP
XXI i, 488.

41
LP
XXI i, 716 (9).

42
Nott, letters XXVI.

43
PRO SP 1/214, fo. 115v.

44
Bodleian MS Jesus 74, fo. 280v.

15 My Foolish Son’s Demeanour

1
See, for example,
CSP Sp
. VIII, 216.

2
Spanish Chronicle
, p. 108.

3
CSP Sp
. VIII, 291.

4
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
V, p. 689.

5
The Letters of King Henry VIII
, p. 418.

6
Smith,
Henry VIII
, p. 303.

7
The Letters of King Henry VIII
, pp. 418–22.

8
Herbert, p. 572.

9
Wriothesley I, p. 167.

10
LP
XXI i, 1491.

11
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
V, p. 560.

12
Ibid., p. 564;
LP
XXI i, 1383 (72).

13
LP
XXI i, 1180. For her interrogation and torture, see ‘Examinations of Anne Askew’, in
Select Works of John Bale
, pp. 135–248.

14
‘A Critique of the Protectorate: An Unpublished Letter of Sir William Paget to the Duke of Somerset’, ed. B. L. Beer,
The Huntington Library Quarterly
, 34/3 (1971), p. 280.

15
PRO SP 1/11, fo. 80v. See too M. P. Tilley,
A Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
(University of Michigan Press, 1966), pp. 125, 262; Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
V, p. 492.

16
PRO SP 1/227, fos. 103–4, 105v. See too Starkey,
The Reign of Henry VIII
, pp. 149–50.

17
LP
XXI i, 970 (31 & 32).

18
Ibid., 515.
Also the preface to vol. XXI, p. xxvi.

19
PRO SP 1/221, fo. 181.

20
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 109.

21
St. P
. X, p. 251;
LP
XX ii, 787; Shelby,
John Rogers
, pp. 89–90.

22
PRO SP 1/215, fo. 34v.

23
BL Cottonian MS Titus B II, fos. 39–40. See too Foley, ‘Honorable Style’, pp. 14–16.

24
APC
I, p. 249.

25
LP
XXI i, 527, 553; ii, 102, 601;
APC
I, pp. 559–60.

26
BL Cottonian MS Titus B II, fo. 39; PRO LR 2/115, fos. 75v–76; PRO DL 41/504.

27
APC
I, p. 366.

28
BL Cottonian MS Titus B II, fos. 39v–40.

29
Norfolk’s original letter has not survived, but it was seen by Lord Herbert of Cherbury’s amanuensis Thomas Master, whose abstracted version of it can be found in the the Bodleian Library (Jesus MS 74, fo. 282). It is dated 15 July, but Master was unsure whether to attribute it to 1545 or 1546. As Surrey was in high favour in July 1545 and had done nothing to warrant a rebuke from the Council, it seems likely that the letter was written in 1546. It has been suggested that Norfolk’s letter may refer to his other son, Lord Thomas Howard, who had been admonished by the Council in May 1546 for ‘his undiscreet meddling in Scripture things’. The Privy Council register reveals that Norfolk was indeed advertised of the matter by the Council (though not at the King’s specific request), and that the Council dismissed the matter on 8 May upon Thomas’ ‘submission and promise of reformation’. Whether Thomas could be described as having ‘used himself humbly and repentantly’ is debatable, as the Council was initially vexed that he ‘did not yet confess the particulars which [they] would have had him confess of himself’ (
APC
I, pp. 400, 408, 411). Norfolk was an efficient correspondent and it is extremely unlikely that he would have waited two whole months before thanking the Council for their advertisements. The chronology therefore suggests that Norfolk, who was in London at this time, was referring to Surrey. Thomas Master, who had seen the whole letter, was convinced of this. Above his abstracted version, he wrote the words: ‘Duke of Norfolk & Earl of Surrey’.

30
Poems
, 45.

31
Select Works of John Bale
, p. 240.

32
AH
II, p. 101; Zim,
English Metrical Psalms
, p. 90, and note 40 on p. 282; Heale, p. 173.

33
Heale, p. 174.

34
Poems
, 32, 29.

35
Select Works of John Bale
, p. 240.

36
Poems
,
45; Wyatt,
Poems
, no. XLIX.

37
Mason (
Humanism and Poetry
, p. 244), Brigden (‘“Conjured League”’, p. 525), Heale (p. 174), and Sessions (1999, pp. 353–7) argue that Askew borrowed from Surrey. For the suggestion that the influence might have flowed in the other direction, see Burrow,
LRB
, p. 14.

38
Narratives of the Days of the Reformation
, p. 43.

39
Select Works of John Bale
, p. 242.

40
Ibid., p. 142.

41
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 129.

42
St. P
. I, pp. 576–8.

43
BL Cottonian MS Titus B I, fo. 100v.

44
Anstis,
Register
II, pp. 428, 431, 434.

45
Herbert, p. 563.

46
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 105. See too fo. 104v, and Herbert, p. 563 for Edward Rogers’ and Mary’s corroborations of Carew’s testimony.

47
CSP Sp
. IX, p. 4.

48
Casady,
Henry Howard
, pp. 179–80, 197–9. See too Bapst, pp. 338–9, 354; Brenan and Statham,
The House of Howard
II, pp. 423–4; Padelford,
Poems
, pp. 34, 38; Chapman,
Two Tudor Portraits
, pp. 112–13.

49
BL Royal MS app. 89, fo. 103. For the lavish reception given to the French ambassadors, see BL Cottonian MS Vespasian C XIV, fos. 80–8; Wriothesley I, pp. 171–3.

50
Murphy,
Bastard Prince
, pp. 230–2.

51
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 109.

52
CSP Sp
. VIII, 370.

53
LP
XXI i, 1537 (34).

54
CSP Sp
. VIII, 325; Tucker, ‘The Commons in the Parliament of 1545’, p. 306.

55
CSP Sp
. VIII, 370;
St. P
. I, p. 884; Tucker, ‘The Commons in the Parliament of 1545’, p. 395; Herbert, p. 563.

56
LP
XXI ii, 347; Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
V, p. 691; VI, p. 139;
St. P
. I, pp. 883–5.

57
CSP Sp
. VIII, 370.

58
Tucker, ‘The Commons in the Parliament of 1545’, pp. 325, 361.

59
APC
I, pp. 400, 408, 411.

60
Junius,
Epistolae
, pp. 84–9, 459–60. Also Sessions (1999), note on p. 81.

61
Poems
, 43–6;
AH
I, no. 90. See too Brigden, ‘Conjured League’, pp. 514–15; Mason,
Humanism and Poetry
, pp. 241–3.

62
PRO SP 1/225, fo. 210; Herbert, p. 564;
Poems
, 37.

63
The phrase is Burrow’s (
LRB
, p. 13).

64
Herbert, p. 564.

65
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 101.

66
APC
I, pp. 114–15, 401, 411.

67
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 129.

68
Herbert, p. 562.

69
For a detailed analysis of this portrait, see Sessions (1999), pp. 3–4, 333–51. For contemporary rumours surrounding Surrey’s symbolic intent, see
Spanish Chronicle
, pp. 143–7;
CSP Sp
. IX, p. 3; Thomas,
The Pilgrim
, p. 73. Also BL Stowe MS 396, fo. 8.

70
PRO SP 1/223, fo. 36.

71
L. A. Seneca,
Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales
, tr. R. M. Gummere (3 vols., 1917–25), I, pp. 4–5.

72
PRO SP 1/227, fos. 109v, 129.

73
BL Lansdowne MS 792, fo. 7v.

74
PRO SP 1/223, fo. 36.

75
PRO SP 1/225, fo. 210.

76
Oxburgh Hall Bedingfeld MS: Paget to Surrey, 17 Jan. 1546.

16 Unbridled Tongues

1
Spanish Chronicle
, p. 144. For the reliability of this source, see the discussion of Surrey’s alleged escape from the Tower in the following chapter.

2
CSP Sp
. VIII, 370; Herbert, p. 562.

3
LP
XXI ii, 533.

4
Herbert, p. 562.

5
Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London
, p. 52.

6
CSP Sp
. VIII, 364–5;
LP
XXI ii, 533.

7
PRO SP 1/227, fo. 76.

8
Ibid., fos. 92–3.

9
Bindoff: John Corbet;
LP
XV, 942 (84); XVIII ii, 449 (18); XX ii, 707 (8); NRO MS NRS DCN 47/1, fo. 315; NRO Norwich Consistory Court, 163 Ingold.

10
PRO PROB 11/47, fo. 151v;
LP
XX ii, 496 (68); XXI i, 1519.

11
PRO SP 1/227, fos. 93v–5.

12
Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward VI 1548–9
, pp. 18–19. On 22 December 1546 Surrey’s servant John Spencer was ordered by John Gates to produce a bill that ‘mentioned and remembered such deeds, indentures,
evidences
and stuff of the Earl of Surrey’s’. One item recorded a ‘deed of grant of the advowson’ of the chapel of Mary Magdalen, ‘made by John Corbet esquire to the said Earl and his heir’ on 27 May 1544 (PRO DL 41/504).

13
PRO SP 1/227, fos. 90–1.

14
BL Cottonian MS Titus B I, fos. 99–101v. See too Herbert, pp. 565–6.

15
CSP Sp
. VIII, 367.

16
Ibid., 370,
372;
St. P
. XI, p. 388. See too, P. R. Moore, ‘Hamlet and the Two Witness Rule’,
Notes and Queries
, new series, 44/4 (1997).

17
PRO LR 2/115, fo. 18.

18
A local official called Thomas Gawdy seems to have looked after the younger children on Wentworth’s behalf. See
APC
II, p. 28; Bindoff: Sir Thomas Wentworth I; Williams,
Thomas Howard
, p. 24.