Gandhi & Churchill (115 page)

38. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:34.

39. Ibid., 49:108.

40. Ibid., 49:8.

41. Desai,
Bliss It Was,
27.

42. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
127.

43. Ibid., 135.

44. Quoted ibid., 138.

45. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
280.

46. Ibid., 278.

47. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
124.

48. Quoted in Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
277.

49. Editorial,
Young India,
April 10, 1930, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:61, 62.

50. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
245.

51. Quoted in Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
147.

52. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:136.

53. Remarks at a Conservative Party meeting at Thanet, August 20, 1930, ibid., 5:2:180–81, n 2.

54. Ibid., 5:2:180.

55. Moon,
British Conquest,
1045.

56. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
115.

57. Moon,
British Conquest,
1044.

58. Roberts,
Holy Fox,
35.

59. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:180–81, n 3.

CHAPTER 18.
Round Tables and Naked Fakirs

1. Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
173.

2. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:199.

3. Letter of September 23, 1930, ibid., 5:2:185.

4. Ibid., 5:2:185–86.

5. Ibid., 5:2:186.

6. Ibid., 5:2:187, 183, 201.

7. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
143.

8. Ibid., 159.

9. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4934.

10. Ibid., 5:4935.

11. Ibid., 5:4936.

12. Ibid., 5:4937.

13. Ibid., 5:4938.

14. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:232–33 n 2.

15. Quoted in Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
172.

16. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:231.

17. Taylor,
Origins of Second World War,
154.

18. Arnold,
Gandhi,
151.

19. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
175.

20. Quoted in Payne,
Gandhi,
404.

21. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
248.

22. Payne,
Gandhi,
404.

23. See Sarkar, “The Logic of Gandhian Nationalism: Civil Disobedience and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1930–31),” 1HR 3:1 (July 1976), 114–46; 114.

24. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
51:223.

25. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
188.

26. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:243.

27. Telegram to Baldwin, January 23, 1931, in Gilbert,
Prophet of
Truth,
380.

28. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4950, 4951, 4952.

29. Ibid., 5:4950.

30. Ibid., 5:4955, 4956.

31. Ibid., 5:4956.

32. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:252.

33. Ibid., 5:2:252–53 n 1.

34. Ibid., 5:2:250.

35. Ibid., 5:2:257.

36. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4971.

37. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:253–54.

38. Ibid., 5:2:258.

39. Ibid., 5:2:258–59.

40. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
388.

41. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:269.

42. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
391.

43. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4985.

44. For example, see Geoffrey Dawson to Lord Irwin, March 5, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:291, suggesting that Baldwin was on the brink of resigning.

45. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
394.

46. Ibid., 395.

47. Martin,
Battle,
229.

48. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4993.

49. Ibid., 5:4995.

50. Ibid., 5:4999.

51. Ibid.

52. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:302.

53. Ibid., 5:2:303.

54. Martin,
Battle,
229.

55. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5004.

56. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
401–2.

57. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:308 n 1.

CHAPTER 19.
Contra Mundum

1. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
182.

2. Ibid., 179–80.

3. Baldwin certainly wanted him to take the post. Irwin privately and severely protested; and Churchill wrote later that he declined the offer. But if the Tories had won by a narrow margin, he would have been hard-pressed not to accept. See Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
322, 326.

4. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
34:322.

5. Ibid., 51:221, 223.

6. Shirer,
Gandhi,
126, 133.

7. Quoted in Fischer,
Life of Ghandi,
287.

8. Shirer,
Gandhi,
58–59. The other press interviews are in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
53:337–44.

9. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
51:223.

10. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
413.

11. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5061.

12. Ibid.

13. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
53: 352.

14. Roberts,
Holy Fox,
41.

15. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
182.

16. Muggeridge,
Green Stick,
110, 189–190.

17. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
183.

18.
Times
obituary January 31, 1948, quoted in Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
183.

19. Templewood,
Nine Troubled Years,
63; letter to Willingdon, November 19, 1931, quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
257.

20. The equally tedious details are found in Moore,
Crisis of Unity.

21. Again, the details are ibid., 220–21.

22. Shirer,
Gandhi,
194.

23. Chaudhury,
Gandhi and Contemporaries,
41.

24. Quoted in Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
185.

25. Shirer,
Gandhi,
194.

26. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
53:466.

27. By going off the gold standard, and without consulting the Indian government, the government also kept the rupee pegged to sterling’s new lower value. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
215.

28. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
183.

29. Ibid., 186.

30. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5114–15.

31. Ibid., 5:5061.

32. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:381.

33. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5119, 5122.

34. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:380n1. They included Cain, Demosthenes, Hannibal, Cicero, Vercingetorix (the Gaul chieftain defeated by Julius Caesar), El Cid, King Harald, Mary Queen of Scots, George III, Marie Antoinette, Metternich, Napoleon, General Ludendorff, and Robert E. Lee.

35. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
208.

36. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
54:87.

37. Ibid., 54:329.

38. Shirer,
Gandhi,
150.

39. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
255.

40. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
246–47; Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
261.

41. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
248.

42. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
54:343–46.

43. Payne,
Gandhi,
434; Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
250.

44. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
421–23.

45. Letter of January 5, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:391.

46. Ibid., 5:2:397.

47. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
251.

48. Lord Lloyd to Baldwin on March 3, 1931, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:292–93.

49. Shirer,
Gandhi,
166.

50. Article for
Daily Mail,
February 5, 1931, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:258–59 n 1.

51. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
413.

52. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5028.

53. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:3:308 n 1.

54. Ibid., 5:2:436.

55. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4971, 4973.

CHAPTER 20.
Last Ditch

1. Payne,
Gandhi,
434.

2. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
262–63.

3. Gandhi.
Collected Works,
25:479 Old Style.

4. Quoted in Jaffrelot,
Ambedkar,
58.

5. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
265.

6. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
56.

7. Payne,
Gandhi,
440.

8. Statement to the press, September 16, 1932, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
57:40.

9. Letter of September 9, 1932, ibid., 57:9.

10. Ibid., 57:30.

11. Described in letter to Mirabehn, September 15, 1932, ibid., 57:34.

12. Payne,
Gandhi,
442.

13. Jaffrelot,
Ambedkar,
argues that Ambedkar’s theory anticipates the anthropological theories of caste of Louis Dumont and others.

14. Ambedkar,
Essential Writings.

15. Quoted in Jaffrelot,
Ambedkar,
66.

16. Quoted in Chaudhury,
Gandhi and Contemporaries,
43.

17. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
267.

18. Moore,
Crisis of Unity,
265.

19. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
270.

20. Payne,
Gandhi,
457.

21. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
275.

22. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
437–38.

23. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:448, 447.

24. Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
182.

25. See letter of July 1 to Sir John Simon, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:450.

26. Letter to Lord Sydenham, January 7, ibid., 5:2:513.

27. Quoted in Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
183.

28. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:532; Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
185.

29. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
474.

30. Speech of June 27, 1932, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:449n1.

31. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
456.

32. Speech at Epping, February 23, 1933, in Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:5224.

33. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:621.

34. The phrase is from Charmley,
End of Glory,
157.

35. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
472.

36. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:567.

37. The remark is from a speech on January 30, 1931, in Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
5:4968.

38. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:579.

39. Slade to Churchill, September 10, 1934, ibid., 5:2:868.

40. Ibid., 5:2:918–19.

41. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
600.