Read From the Tree to the Labyrinth Online
Authors: Umberto Eco
Pico della Mirandola, 235, 302, 408–414, 419
“Pictures Can’t Say Ain’t” (Worth), 82
Pinborg, Jan, 213n39, 216n44, 377
Pindar, 63
Pini, Giorgio, 374n12
Plato, 19, 22, 73, 149, 181, 240, 443; on articulation and signification, 212–213; on denotation, 357, 358; on names, 289; on philosopher and dog, 173; poetry and, 325; semiotic triangle and, 372; visualization of gods and, 268
Platonism, 315, 400, 477
Platypus schema, 478–479, 481
Platzeck, Erhard-Woffram, 392, 399, 400, 401, 406
Pliny the Elder, 25–28, 30–31, 87, 135, 180; on animal language and intelligence, 183–185; medieval views of, 185
Plotinus, 129n12
Plutarch, 178–180, 182
Plutosofia
(Gesualdo), 75
Pneumatics, 34
Poe, Edgar Allan, 335, 546
Poesia, La
(Croce), 542, 546
Poetics, 2, 34, 488; as logic, 102, 111–112, 113; rhetoric and, 116–126
Poetics
(Aristotle), 62, 88, 95, 163; Averroes’s commentary, 97–105; Hermann the German’s translation, 111; medieval misfortunes of, 111–115; on metaphor, 116; William of Moerbeke’s translation, 105–106, 113
Poetria
(John of Garland), 105
Poetria nova
(Geoffrey of Vinsauf), 125
Poetry, 100, 335, 547, 566; allegory and, 139, 155; history opposed to, 101; intellect and, 325; metaphor and, 140–141, 143; Provençal, 122–123; as revelation, 323–324; Scholasticism and, 31
Pohlenz, Max, 175, 213n39
Polara, Giovanni, 122, 342n32
Politian, 34
Politics
(Aristotle), 97, 174, 216
Polygenetic hypothesis, 440, 441, 446
Polygons, networks as, 54
Polyhistor
(Solinus), 30, 135
Pomponius Mela, 24
Ponzio, Augusto, 368
Popper, Karl, 486n15, 556, 570
Porphyry, 4, 5–6, 8, 10, 96, 129n12, 162; Academicians and, 176; influence on medieval doctrinal culture, 169; on intelligence of animals, 183; on souls of animals, 182
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
(Joyce), 334
Posterior Analytics
(Aristotle), 5, 6, 11, 14, 113, 174
Poststructuralism, 570
Pottier, Bernard, 56, 553
Pouillon, Henry, 311, 340n27, 341, 342n31
Poulenc, Francis-Jean-Marcel, 311
Pozzato, Maria Pia, 229n7
Pragmatics, 51
“
Prata rident
” (Rosier-Catach), 126–129
Predicables, theory of, 5, 6
Pre-Raphaelites, 339
Prieto, Luis Jorge, 553, 581
Primitives, 26, 45; assumed, 18, 19; finiteness and, 20; rational language and, 46; universality and, 21
Prior Analytics
(Aristotle), 96, 113
Priscian, 116, 127, 208–209, 210, 212, 213, 214n42, 244, 246, 367
Priscillian of Avila, 254
Problema arithmeticum de rerum combinationibus
(Guldin), 420
“Problem of Meaning in Linguistics, The” (Quine), 558
Proclus, 234, 240
Promessi sposi, I
[
The Betrothed
] (Manzoni), 495–496, 500–502, 506–507, 546; action and word in, 488–493; pardon of Father Cristoforo, 499–500; plague chapters, 502–506; popular semiosis and, 493–495; proper names in, 497–499
Proni, Giampaolo, 485n12, 523, 524
Proprium, 6
Proust, Marcel, 534, 546
Proverbs, 27, 242, 509
Pseudepigraphical writings, 225, 238
Pseudo-Aegidius Romanus, 204n29
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, 1, 129n12, 149, 150–159, 165; Llull and, 400, 404; Thomas Aquinas and, 345; translations of, 238
Pseudo-doubles, 226–227
Pseudo-identification, 238–240
Pseudo-Kilwardby, 214n42
Pseudo-Longinus, 240
Pseudo-Marsilius of Inghen, 220
Psychology, 404, 523
Ptolemy, 62
Purgatory
(Dante), 251, 252
Putnam, Hilary, 56, 72
Pythagoras, 181
Pythagoreanism, 342
Quadrivium, 31
Quaestio quodlibetalis
(Thomas Aquinas), 569
Quillian, Ross, 57, 67n36
Quine, Willard V. O., 20, 491, 554, 558–559
Quintilian, 21n14, 22, 116–117, 119, 121
Rabanus Maurus, 29, 31–32, 87, 135, 186n13, 191n19, 209n37
Rabelais, François, 22–23, 543
Ramée, Pierre de la (Petrus Ramus), 34
Raphael, 534
Rationale divinorum officiorum
(Dorando), 2
Rationality, 7, 59, 178, 202, 407
Recherches philosophiques
(De Bonald), 441
Reconstructionists, 510, 515, 516
Redundancy, 19
Regulae theologicae
(Alain of Lille), 159–160
Reisch, Gregor, 34, 193
Relativism, 567
Remi of Trèves, 230
Renaissance, 33–34, 55, 192, 297, 404; authentication in, 235; Kabbalism in, 385–386; rediscovered knowledge and, 93
Renucci, Paul, 147
Replicability, 225
Representations, 56, 523, 532
Rerum divinarum et humanarum antiquitates
(Varro), 25
Reynolds, Barbara, 299, 300
Rhetoric, 31, 34, 111, 414, 432; interpretation and, 257; as part of logic, 112, 113; poetics and, 116–126; treatises on, 1
Rhetoric
(Aristotle), 63, 95, 97, 98n7, 99, 163; Hermann the German’s translation, 107–108; medieval misfortunes of, 111–115;
Translatio Vetus
, 108–110; William of Moerbeke’s translation, 108–110
Rhetorica
(Llull), 402
Rhetorica ad Herennium
(Aristotle), 78–79n46, 116, 120, 124
Rhizome, 54–55
Rhythmus alter
(formerly attrib. Alan of Lille), 130–131, 133, 143
Ricerca della lingua perfetta, La
[
The Search for a Perfect Language
] (Eco), 2
Richard of Lavenham, 213n40
Richard of Saint Victor, 112n17, 131, 272–273, 401
Richards, I. A., 354, 550
Ricoeur, Paul, 65n35
Riedl, Clare, 342n31
Rintelen, Fritz-Joachim von, 346, 347
Rivarol, Antoine de 424
Rivers, Kimberly, 33
Rodulfus Glaber (Rudolph the Hairless), 284
Roland-Gosselin, M.-D., 331n19, 347, 348, 352
Role of the Reader
(Eco), 91
Roman de la Rose
, 137
Romano, Yehudi, 307
Romanticism, 280n11, 312, 316, 319, 337
Rorty, Richard, 460, 461–462, 581
Rosenau, Helen, 271
Rosenstiehl, Pierre, 55
Rosiello, Luigi, 440
Rosier-Catach, Irène, 112, 114n19, 126, 127, 159, 190, 286
Rossano, Pietro, 251, 261
Rosselli, Cosma, 79–80
Rossi, Paolo, 34n22, 37, 85, 397
Rouault, Georges, 311
Rovatti, Aldo, 564, 565, 577
Royal Society (London), 425
Russell, Bertrand, 20, 354, 381
Saint Martin, Louis-Claude de, 441
Saintsbury, George, 339
Saint-Sever,
Beatus
of, 252
Salsano, Alfredo, 21n13
Sanders, Henry, 253, 254
San Millan de la Cogolla,
Beatus
of, 252, 267,
267
San Pedro de Cardeña,
Beatus
of, 252
San Severo,
Beatus
of, 268,
268
Santarcangeli, Paolo, 52
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 424–425
Satie, Erik, 311, 312, 316
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 290, 293, 556, 561
Sayers, Dorothy, 299
Scalichius de Lika, Paulus, 23, 387
Schaer, Roland, 21n13
Schank, Roger C., 57
Schelling, Friedrich, 336, 572n5
Schema, 457, 463, 471–474; in Kant’s last writings, 484–487; schema of the dog, 474–478, 483; of unknown object, 478–484
Schlosser-Magnino, Julius von, 340, 342n31
Schogt, Henry G., 553
Schola Palatina
, 120
Scholastics (Schoolmen), 115, 160, 163, 312; Bacon’s critique of, 171–172; denotation and, 379, 381; dissolution of, 315; Kant and, 466; Llull and, 400; post-Reformation, 168; souls of animals and, 187
Schola Vindobonensia ad Horatii Artem poeticam
, 124
Scholem, Gershom, 415
Schott, Gaspar, 39–40
Sciascia, Leonardo, 91
Sciences, 35–36, 111, 224
Scotus Eriugena, John.
See
Eriugena, John Scotus
Scotus, Michael, 97
Scriptum super libros Sententiarum
(Thomas Aquinas), 166
Scripture (Bible), 29, 112, 120n5, 140, 219; allegory in, 134, 135, 138, 141; anthropomorphization in, 154; authenticity of, 242, 243; biblical exegesis, 253, 260; Dante on allegory in, 145, 146; First Epistle to Corinthians, 130–131, 153; Kabbalism and Christian exegesis, 398; King James Version, 275, 300; metaphors and similes in, 156, 167–168; multiple interpretations of, 258; New Testament, 131–132, 251, 259; Old Testament, 131–133, 252, 269, 281; poetry and, 320; Septuagint, 225, 231; signification in, 196, 197; speech acts in Genesis, 286–290; Thomas Aquinas on allegory in, 142–144; visualization of, 260–273,
266–268
; Vulgate, 231, 264n7, 274–275, 286, 288, 300.
See also
Apocalypse
Sebeok, T. A., 553
Secret, François, 385
Sefer Yetzirah
(Book of Creation), 386, 397–398, 399, 416
Selenus, Gustavus, 417
Sellars, Wilfrid, 462, 470
Semantics, 19, 51, 481, 548–549, 562–563; encyclopedia entries and, 551–554; encyclopedic, 565, 566; extensional, 383; meaning of meaning, 554–557; meanings of, 549–551; representation and, 3; semantic networks, 57, 60; truth-conditional, 559–562; universals, 424, 425, 431
Semantics
(Lyons), 554
“Semantics of Metaphor, The” (Eco), 67
Sememes, 164, 553
Semiosis, 1, 50, 58, 501; inference and, 525; popular, 493–495; semiosic teratology, 502; unlimited, 21, 51, 69, 565; verbal language and, 489, 506
Semiosphere, 73n39, 85
Semiotics, 1, 113, 194, 200, 457; bibliography of, 2; denotation and, 353–354; of falsification, 240; of forgery, 225–228; history of, 531; Kantian, 473; of Manzoni, 488, 498, 506–507; of metaphor, 154; mnemotechnics as, 78–82; mutilated, 90; Peircean, 509; semiotic triangle, 357, 364, 372, 375, 376; zoosemiotics, 220
Seneca, 175
Sententia libri Politicorum
(Thomas Aquinas), 125
Servius, 138
Severini, Gino, 311
Sextus Empiricus, 176, 177n6, 181, 215n43, 459n2
Sgradini, Enrica, 302
Shifa
(Avicenna), 107, 111
Sic et non
(Abelard), 232
Siger of Brabant, 246, 296
“Signe et symbole” (Maritain), 319
Signification, 1, 197, 199, 212, 214n42; Aristotelian view of, 360; context and, 566; Hobbes and, 380–381; naming and, 364; natural and positive, 298n7; popular semiosis and, 494;
suppositio
and, 366, 367
Signs (
semeia
), 194–195, 201, 203, 207, 211, 248; Augustine’s definition of, 195–197, 359–360; Bacon’s classification of, 216–222, 369; indexical, 497; as indices, 202; intuition and, 543; natural, 370; Platonic ideal and, 419; symbols distinguished fom,’ 217;
voces significativae
and, 205.
See also
Natural signs and signification; Semiosis; Semiotics
Similes, 144, 149, 152, 154, 158, 168, 250–251
Simone, Raffaele, 441
Simon Magus (Simon the Magician), 221n49
Simon of Dacia, 209n39
Simon of Faversham, 298n7
Simson, Otto von, 341
Sirridge, Mary, 197n22
Sisyphus (mythological), 63, 109, 180
Six Problems for Don Isidro Parodi
(Borges and Bioy-Casares), 91–92
Slaughter, Mary, 194n20
Smith, Barry, 61, 517n3
Socrates, 182, 212, 330n18, 371, 372, 394
Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg
(Maistre), 441–442, 455
Solinus, 30, 135, 185n12
Solomon Ben Isaac, Rabbi, 271
Somnium Scipionis
(Macrobius), 402
Sonus
(sound), 173, 207
Sophistical Refutations
(Aristotle), 96, 113
Soul, 48, 120n5, 145, 150, 152; intention of, 218; knowledge and, 167; metaphor and, 148; power of, 17; virtue and, 112, 113n
Sowa, John, 60
Space, time and, 69
Spade, Paul V., 214n40, 364
Spangerbergius, Johannes, 75
Species, 6, 42, 81, 103, 321; denotation and, 353; existence of, 5; language and, 220–221; limits of nature and, 582; metaphor and, 116–117; Porphyrian tree and, 406; relation to genus, 7; schematism and, 480; in Wilkins, 44; words and, 216–217
Specula
(Vincent of Beauvais), 135
Speculum majus
(Vincent of Beauvais), 33, 86
Speech acts, 135, 200, 286–287
Sperber, Dan, 554
Spinoza, Baruch, 425, 572n5
Stalin, Joseph, 86
Statius, 147, 230
Steganographies, 416–417
Stergk, Joachim, 22
Stesichorus, 110
Stoics, 111, 131, 175, 206; Abelard and influence of, 197–200; on animal behavior, 179, 181; Augustine and influence of, 195–197; names distinguished from signs, 194–195; Priscian and, 213
Strato of Lampsacus, 24
Stravinsky, Igor, 312
Struttura assente, La
(Eco), 520
Suarez, Francisco, 160
Subsumption, 60
Suger, abbot of Saint Denis, 274n9, 340
Summa grammatica
(John of Dacia), 213n40
Summa Theologiae
(Thomas Aquinas), 17, 115, 140–142, 165, 187–188, 194; on aesthetics, 348, 349; on poetic discourse, 319; on species, 321
Summulae Dialectices
(Roger Bacon), 219
Summulae Logicales
(Richard of Lavenham), 213n40
Super epistulam ad Galatas
(Thomas Aquinas), 142
Suppositio
, theory of, 358–359, 366–369, 378, 379, 381–382
Surrealism, 316, 319, 325
Svoboda, Karel, 342n31
Swift, Jonathan, 426