From the Tree to the Labyrinth (110 page)

Antigonus of Carystus, 24

“Anti-porfirio, L’ ” [“The Anti-Porphyry”] (Eco), 564–565

Antonomasia, 82n50, 504, 532

Antonymy, 19

Apel, Karl-Otto, 486n14

Apocalipsin libri duodecim
(Beatus), 252

Apocalypse (Revelation of Saint John the Divine), 250–252, 256–257; millennium prophecy in, 275–285; theological image of Jerusalem in, 273–274, 276; visualization of Scripture and, 264–265

Apocryphal writings, 225, 238, 239

Apologia
(Pico della Mirandola), 409, 410, 415

Apologie pour tous les grands hommes qui ont été accusés de magie
(Naudé), 385

“Apology for Raymond Sebond” (Montaigne), 189n17

Appellatio
, theory of, 361, 368

Apperception, 471

Apresjan, Jurij D., 553

Arabic language, 22, 96–98, 107, 108, 234, 454

Arbor Porphyriana
(Porphyrian tree), 4–18, 26, 45, 169, 170, 193n20; Croce’s critique of, 532; Great Chain of Being and, 87; Llull’s scientific trees and, 33, 406; matrix compared with, 211; ontologies and, 60; open-ended conception of knowledge and, 55; purpose of, 35; schematism and, 481; semantics and, 550

Arbor scientiae
[
Tree of Science
] (Llull), 33, 404–408

Archaeology, 85

Architecture, 25, 46, 58

Archytas, 109–110

Ariadne, thread of, 52

Ariosto, Ludovico, 539

Aristophanes, 209

Aristotelianism, 18, 296, 344

Aristotle, 1, 21n14, 88, 110, 154, 461; on accidents, 13;
analogia entis
and, 160; on animal language, 181;
Arbor Porphyriana
and, 4–5; concept of tragedy, 106; definition of animals, 549; on difference, 12; on genera, 10–11; on imitation of action, 490; on infinity, 526; on language, 174; Latin Aristotle, 96–97; Llull’s
Ars
and, 387–388; on metaphor, 62–67, 95, 115, 116–117, 169; on mnemotechnics, 78; on poet-theologians, 320; on semiotic triangle, 357–358; Tesauro and, 41, 42; works as encyclopedia, 23

Aristoteles Latinus (Latin Aristotle), 96, 202

Arithmetic, 31, 34

Arithmeticus nomenclator
(Anonymous Spaniard), 434

Arithmologia
(Kircher), 386

Ars excerpendi
, 83–87

Ars Magna
(Llull), 41, 386–397, 399, 413–414, 422

Ars magna sciendi
(Kircher), 393–394

Ars Meliduna
, 367

Ars oblivionalis
, 78

Ars Poetica
(Horace), 315

Ars signorum
(Dalgarno), 42, 427

Ars versificatoria
(Matthew of Vendôme), 106

Art, 146, 315, 543; authentication and, 229, 237; iconography of Christian art, 253; as instrument of philosophy, 319; as intellectual creation, 324; intuition-expression and, 534, 535; as language, 316; modern art, 309; Mozarabic, 255; Oriental, 324; of performance, 105; poetry’s status as, 140; Scholastic theory of, 318; work of art as unicum, 227n5, 236.
See also
Aesthetics

Art as Experience
(Dewey), 545

Art et scolastique
[
Art and Scholasticism
] (Maritain), 309, 311–313, 315, 317–319

Articulation, 207–214

Artificial intelligence, 4, 60

Asclepius
, Hermetic, 230–231

Ascoli, Cecco d,’ 30

Assunto, Rosario, 334n23, 341

Astrology, 22, 25, 308, 386

Astronomy, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33; Llull’s trees and, 404; mnemotechnics and, 81

Attribution, 164, 166

Auctoritates
(authoritative opinions), 243

Auerbach, Erich, 129n12, 132

Augustine, 1, 28–29, 111, 118, 135, 165, 342; on abstinence from meat, 186; on allegory, 134, 146, 155; authentication and, 231; authorized reading of Scripture and, 256; Bacon (Roger) and, 369; Bacon’s classification of signs and, 216, 217; Beatus and, 254; Manzoni and, 490; on millennium, 277, 280; on natural signs, 195, 217; on obscure and ambiguous signs, 133; on signs, 359–360, 364; Stoic influence and, 195–197

Augustine of Dacia, 132

Authentication: difficulties of authentication procedures, 229–235; at level of content, 232–234; at level of material support of text, 229–230; at level of textual manifestation, 230–232; with reference to known fact, 234–235

Authenticity, 237, 249

Auto-da-fé
(
Die Blendung
, Canetti), 82n49

Autonomous invention, thesis of, 452, 453–454, 455

Averroes, 97–105, 114, 115, 395

Averroes in Rhetoricam
(Hermann the German), 107–108

“Averroës’ Search” (Borges), 99

Avianus, 138

Avicenna, 107, 111, 114n21, 215n43, 305

Aznar, Camón, 255, 279

Bacon, Francis, 28, 36, 37, 38, 41, 47, 171–172, 425

Bacon, Roger, 112–115, 125, 215, 216–222, 247–248, 296n5, 359; on denotation, 369–374; epistemology and semantics of, 383; semiotic triangle and, 376

Balme, David M., 16

Baronio, Cesare, 281n11

Baroque period, 27, 35n23, 36, 192, 404

Barsalou, Lawrence, 60

Barthes, Roland, 354

Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 32, 135

Bartholomew of Bruges, 104

Basil of Caesarea, Saint, 182, 186

Baudelaire, Charles, 317, 323, 335

Bäumker, Clemens, 394

Beati
, illustrated miniatures in, 252, 253, 265–268; 265–266,
266–268

Beatus of Liébana, 252–260; millennium and, 278–285; theological image of Jerusalem, 273–275; visualization of Scripture and, 260, 261, 264, 265, 269

“Beauté, propriété transcendentale chez les Néoscolastiques (1220–1270), La” (Pouillon), 340

Becher, Joachim, 430

Beck, Cave, 1, 42

Bede, Venerable, 120, 133, 232, 253, 255–258

Belot, Jean, 385

Beonio-Brocchieri Fumagalli, Maria, 21n13, 246, 353, 362

Bergson, Henri-Louis, 310, 312, 315

Berkeley, George, 458

Bermudo, Pedro (Anonymous Spaniard), 39, 434, 435

Bernard of Chartres, 123, 138, 244

Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, 132, 244

Bernardus Sylvestris, 138

Bernart de Venzac, 122

Bertini, Ferruccio, 125

Bestiaries, medieval, 2, 29–30, 136, 143, 222; Chrysippus’s dog in, 186; symbols in, 322

Bible.
See
Scripture (Bible)

Bierwisch, Manfred, 553

Binkley, Peter, 21n13, 31

Biolez, Jean, 310n2

Biondo, Michelangelo, 222n51

Bioy-Casares, Adolfo, 91

Black, Max, 64

Boas, George, 175

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 147

Boehner, Philothetus, 374, 375, 377

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus 5, 6, 12, 96, 104, 126, 160, 207, 296, 401; on accidents, 12; De Bruyne’s historiography and, 338, 342, 343; on denotation, 358, 359–361, 378; Llull and, 401; on music, 169; on predications, 159; reading of Aristotle’s
De interpretatione
, 200–206, 208, 217n45, 247, 373; translation of Porphyry, 162

Boethius of Dacia, 296

Bogges, W. E. F., 107, 115n23

Boke Named The Governor, The
(Elyot), 22

Bonaventure, Saint, 168, 251, 342

Bonfantini, Massimo, 485n12, 486

Book of Kells
, 343n

Bord, Janet, 52

Borges, Jorge Luis, 75, 83–84, 91, 92, 99–100, 437–439, 536

Bori, Pier Cesare, 132n15

Borrowing: evident and multiple, 453, 454; obscure, 452, 453

Bosanquet, Bernard, 339

Botany, 24, 25, 46, 58, 434

Boullier, David Renaud, 182

Boundaries, demarcation of, 516–521

Bouvard et Pécuchet
(Flaubert), 255

Brahe, Tycho, 487

Bréal, Michel, 548–549, 550, 558

Breviario d’estetica
(Croce), 542

Brugnoli, Giorgio, 145n29, 146

Bruno, Giordano, 55, 84–85, 403, 419–420

Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de, 27, 183

Burgonovus, 385

Buridan, Jean, 113, 115, 343

Busi, Giulio, 308

Buti, Francesco da, 147

Butterworth, Charles E., 97n6, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104

Buyssens, Eric, 553

Cabbalism.
See
Kabbalism

Calboli Montefusco, Lucia, 62n34

Calboli, Gualtiero, 62n34

Cabrol, Fernand, 343n

Cajetanus, 160, 162

Calcidius, 286

Calimani, Riccardo, 307

Callahan, Leonard, 311

Callimachus, 24

Callisthenes, 24

Camillo, Giulio, 35, 75

Campanile, Achille, 556

Canaletto (Giovanni Canal), 537

Canetti, Elias, 82n49

Cannocchiale aristotelico
[“Aristotelian Telescope”] (Tesauro), 37–42, 127, 164

Carnap, Rudolf, 354, 550

Caro, Annibal, 571

Carolingian Palatine school, 32

Carrefours
(crossroads), 69

Carreras y Artau, Joaquím, 406, 418

Carreras y Artau, Tomás, 406, 418

Cartesianism, 312

Casaubon, Isaac, 230, 235, 248

Cases, Cesare, 565

Cassirer, Ernst, 468n8, 474

Catedral de Urgell,
Beatus
of, 252

Categories
(Aristotle), 4, 5, 96, 126, 161, 169

Cato of Utica, 148

Causality, 165, 459, 464, 465

Cecco d’Ascoli, 30

Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Recognitions
, 438

Celestial Hierarchy, The
(Pseudo-Dionysius), 152–153, 156

Ceñal, Ramon, 40

Cevolini, Alberto, 83, 87, 87n53

Characteristica universalis
, 46

Character pro notitia linguarum universalis
(Becher), 430

Charity, principle of, 73, 272, 552, 555, 557

Charlemagne, 278

Chartres, school of, 342, 403

Chenu, M.-D., 244

Cherchi, Paolo, 21n13

Childers, Peter G., 57

Chinese ideograms and language, 425, 440

Chomsky, Noam, 297, 424

Christianity, 112, 230, 396, 425

Christie, Agatha, 91

Chrysippus, 175, 176, 177, 179, 181, 583

Churchill, Winston, 234–235

Cicero, 22, 74, 81, 83, 116, 119, 445

Clavius, Christopher, 420, 422

Clement of Alexandria, 129n12, 131

Cocteau, Jacques, 311

Cognitions, 513–514, 515, 522, 523, 524

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 336–337

Collison, R., 21n13

Columella, 185n12

Comenius, 422

Commedia
(Dante), 105, 299, 307

Commentarius
(Beatus), 261

Commentarius in Canticum canticorum
(William of Saint-Thierry), 105

Common Writing, A
(Lodwick), 42, 427

Communia Matematica
(Roger Bacon), 112

“Communication and Convention” (Davidson), 555

Compagnon, Antoine, 243

Comparetti, Domenico, 138

Compendium artis demonstrativae
(Llull), 400

Compendium studii theologiae
(Roger Bacon), 369

Complementarity, 19, 69

Componential theory, 553

Computer science, 3, 473

Conclusiones cabalisticae
(Pico della Mirandola) 411–412

Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 183

Confessions
(Augustine), 258

Connotation, 353, 379, 380–381, 382

Conrad of Hirsau, 137

Consilium de Encyclopedia
(Leibniz), 46

Constitutum Constantini
(
Donation of Constantine
), 228

Contra Gentiles
(Thomas Aquinas), 17, 115

Contrariety, 19

Convivio
(Dante), 145, 146, 148–149, 190

Copernican revolution, 55, 486

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 62

Coq et l’arlequin, Le
(Cocteau), 312

Cordovero, Moses, 398

Corpus Dionysiacum
, 230, 235, 239, 240

Corpus Hermeticum
, 230, 240, 248

Corpus Hippocraticum
, 194

Corti, Maria, 295, 296, 306

Corvino, Francesco, 378n16

Coseriu, Eugenio, 553

Cosmography, 34

Coumet, Ernest, 421

Counter-Reformation, 160, 321, 332

“Coup d’oeil sur le développement de la sémiotique” (Jakobson), 1

Courtés, Joseph, 551

Coussemaker, Edmond de, 242n31

Cratylus
(Plato), 1, 212–213, 289, 440

Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry
(Maritain), 319, 323–328, 336, 337

Critique of Judgment
[third
Critique
] (Kant), 457, 461, 479, 481, 483, 485

Critique of Pure Reason
[first
Critique
] (Kant), 457, 460, 462, 463, 466; on perceptual judgment, 469; schematism and, 471, 478; on time and memory, 474

Croce, Benedetto, 318, 339, 531–547

Cryptometrices et Cryptographiae
(Selenus), 417

Curtius, Ernst Robert, 148, 320, 339n25

Cyrano de Bergerac, Hercule-Savinien de, 427

Dahan, Gilbert, 104, 111

D’Alembert, Jean-Baptiste Le Rond, 28, 47, 49, 52, 437

Dalgarno, George, 42, 425, 427, 432, 435, 463

Dante Alighieri, 42, 105, 122, 132, 135, 164, 537; Croce’s aesthetics and, 540, 541, 547n4; De Bruyne’s historiography and, 343; Hebrew as protolanguage and, 298–308; Maximal Encyclopedia and, 50–51; on metaphors, 125, 144–150; poetic allegorism in, 137; relation of language to experience and, 425; on souls of animals, 190–191; on speech acts in Genesis, 286–298; vernacular language and, 291–293, 294

Da Verona, Guido, 546

Davidson, Donald, 552, 555–557

De abstinentia
[
On Abstinence from Killing Animals
] (Porphyry), 176, 178, 181, 186, 189

De anima
(Aristotle), 96, 173, 174, 182

De anima
(Avicenna), 125n43

De animalibus
[
On Animals
] (Philo of Alexandria), 177–178