Fordlandia (58 page)

23
. Sward,
The Legend of Henry Ford
, p. 314; Segal,
Recasting the Machine Age
, p. 76.

24
. Phillip Bonosky,
Brother Bill McKie: Building the Union at Ford
, New York: International Publishers, 2000, p. 56.

25
. Brinkley,
Ford
, p. 260.

26
. The book was published in English as
The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind
by E. Benn in 1896, but Ford cited the exact translation of its original French title, published in 1895. See p. xvii for the quote.

27
. BFRC, vertical file, Village Industries, General, 1920s, “Henry Ford Says Farmer-Workmen Will Build Automobile of the Future.”

28
. Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, p. 123; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 426; Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 536.

29
. Henry Ford,
Ford Ideals: Being a Selection from “Mr. Ford’s Page” in the Dearborn Independent
, Dearborn: Dearborn Publishing, 1922, pp. 357–60.

30
. For the
Sunday Evening Hour
, see Lewis,
The Public Image of Henry Ford
, p. 453; “Farewell, Ford,”
Time
, February 1942; Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 598.

31
. Nye,
Henry Ford
, p. 82.

32
. Wik,
Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America
, p. 120; Sward,
The Legend of Henry Ford
, p. 129; Alvin Rosenbaum,
Usonia: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Design for America
, Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press, 1993, pp. 60–62.

Chapter 5: Fordville

1
. José Custódio Alves de Lima,
Recordações de homens e cousas do meu tempo
, Rio de Janeiro, 1926, pp. 373–77; BFRC, accession 38, box 61, “History of the Companhia Ford Industrial do Brasil since Its Inception”; BFRC, accession 285, box 420, de Lima to Ford, September 29, 1925.

2
. Meyer,
The Five Dollar Day
, p. 40; Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 600; Clayton Sinyai,
Schools of Democracy: A Political History of the American Labor Movement
, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006, p. 66.

3
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, pp. 485, 600; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 250.

4
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 202; see also Mira Wilkins and Frank Ernest Hill,
American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents
, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1964; Richard Downs, “Autos over Rails: How US Business Supplanted the British in Brazil, 1910–28,”
Journal of Latin American Studies
24 (October 1992): 551–83.

5
. Barbara Weinstein,
For Social Peace in Brazil: Industrialists and the Remaking of the Working Class in São Paulo, 1920–1964
, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997; Downs, “Autos over Rails”; Joel Wolfe,
Autos and Progress: The Brazilian Search for Modernity
, New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, ch. 3.

6
. Paul Hoffman,
Wings of Madness: Alberto Santos-Dumont and the Invention of Flight
, New York: Hyperion, 2006.

7
. National Archives, RG 59, decimal file 121.5632/6, Morgan to Secretary of State, May 25, 1926; William Lytle Schurz,
Brazil: The Infinite Country
, New York:E. P. Dutton, 1961, p. 64; Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” p. 262; Joan Hoff,
American Business and Foreign Policy, 1920–1933
, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1971, p. 278, n. 33; Joseph Tulchin,
Aftermath of War and US Policy toward Latin America
, New York: New York University Press, 1971, p. 112; Herbert Hoover,
Memoirs
, New York: Macmillan, 1952, vol. 2, p. 79.

8
. “U.S. Appoints Commission to Study South American Rubber,”
Atlanta Constitution
, August 5, 1923; BFRC, accession 74, box 17, “Alleged Scandal about Our Concession”; National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 519, roll 32, 832.52/22, “State of Pará Offers Gratuitous 370,000-Acre Concessions of Rubber-Producing Lands in Development Project,” November 13, 1925; National Archives, RG 59, micro-film 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/1, Minter to State, July 5, 1927; RG 59, Micro-film 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/2, Minter to State, July 11, 1927; BFRC, Reminiscences, O. Z. Ide; Machado, “Ford and Farquhar,” pp. 284–96.

9
. BFRC, accession 285, box 20, letter from Schurz to Liebold, July 21, 1925; BFRC, accession 74, box 13, letter from Schurz to Henry Ford, September 12, 1925; Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” pp. 260–61. See also Hoff,
American Business and Foreign Policy
, pp. 206–7, for similar practices by attachés in Asia.

10
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/1, Minter to State, July 5, 1927, enclosure 2.

11
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/1, Minter to State, July 5, 1927, enclosure 4, National Archives, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/3, Minter to State, July 22, 1927; Machado, “Ford and Farquhar,”p. 306; National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/1, Minter to State, July 5, 1927, enclosure 1.

12
. BFRC, accession 74, box 17, Villares to Greite, August 14, 1926.

13
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/1, Minter to State, July 5, 1927, enclosure 4.

Chapter 6: They Will All Die

1
. Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” p. 225; BFRC, accession 285, box 696, Henry Ford Office; Dean,
Struggle for Rubber
, pp. 72, 75.

2
. BFRC, vertical file, “A Report of the Exploration of the Tapajós Valley by Carl D. LaRue,” April 19, 1927.

3
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 368.

4
. Leon Jacobs, “Hookworm Disease,”
American Journal of Nursing
, November 1940, pp. 1191–96.

5
. Barbara Weinstein,
The Amazon Rubber Boom, 1850–1920
, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1983, pp. 75, 250–60.

6
. John R. Lee, “The So-Called Profit Sharing System in the Ford Plant,”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences
65 (May 1916): 305; Meyer,
The Five Dollar Day
.

7
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 614.

8
. Michael Edward Stanfield,
Red Rubber, Bleeding Trees: Violence, Slavery, and Empire in Northwest Amazonia, 1850–1933
, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.

9
. Hounshell,
From the American System
, p. 276; David Halberstam,
The Reckoning
, New York: William Morrow, 1986, p. 90; Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews
, p. 231.

10
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 362; Segal,
Recasting the Machine Age
, p. 30.

11
. Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, p. 99; Halberstam,
The Reckoning
, p. 94.

12
. Marquis,
Henry Ford: An Interpretation
, p. 76.

13
. “Mr. Ford’s Opportunity,”
New York Times
, March 20, 1927.

14
. Lacy,
Ford
, p. 217; Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews
, pp. 222, 237.

15
. Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews
, p. 237.

Chapter 7: Everything Jake

1
. Royal Davis, “Cycles in the Automobile Pneumatic Tire Renewal Market in the United States,”
Journal of the American Statistical Association
26, Supplement: Proceedings of the American Statistical Association (March 1931): 10–19.

2
. Roy Nash,
The Conquest of Brazil
(1926), New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1998, p. 200.

3
. Sean Dennis Cashman,
America in the Twenties and Thirties: The Olympian Age of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
, New York: NYU Press, 1989, p. 19.

4
. Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, pp. 122–23, 133; Thomas Bonsall, “Edsel: The Forgotten Ford,”
Automobile Quarterly
, Fall 1991, p. 21, cited in Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 401.

5
. “Life with Henry,”
Time Magazine
, October 8, 1951.

6
. BFRC, “Diary Kept by Judge O. Z. Ide during South American Trip to Investigate Possible Sites for Rubber Plantation, June–November 1927”; BFRC, Reminiscences, O. Z. Ide.

7
. Ferreira de Castro,
A Selva
, p. 10; Thomas Orum, “The Women of the Open Door: Jews in the Belle Epoque Amazonian Demimonde, 1890–1920,”
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
19 (2001): 86–99.

8
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/4, Minter to State, July 22, 1927.

9
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/5, State to Minter, nd; National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/3, Minter to State, July 23, 1927; Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” p. 310.

10
. BFRC, Reminiscences, O. Z. Ide; National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/5, State to Minter, nd; National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/3, Minter to State, July 23, 1927; Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” p. 310.

11
. BFRC, Reminiscences, O. Z. Ide.

12
. Wilkins and Hill,
American Business Abroad
, p. 169; BFRC, Reminiscences, O. Z. Ide.

13
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/3, Minter to State, July 23, 1927; BFRC, “Diary Kept by Judge O. Z. Ide during South American Trip.”

14
. Machado, “Farquhar and Ford,” p. 311.

15
. First mention of “Fordlandia” in company records is in the
Ford News
, November 1, 1928; BFRC, accession 74, box 13, “Rubber Production.”

16
. BFRC, accession 196, “O. Z. Ide Fordlandia”; BFRC, accession 301, box 2.

Chapter 8: When Ford Comes

1
. National Archives, RG 59, microfilm 0519, roll 43, 832.6176F75/3, Minter to State, July 23, 1927.

2
.
Iron Mountain News
, February 11, 1930.

3
. BFRC, Reminiscences, E. G. Liebold, p. 630.

4
. David Cleary, “ ‘Lost Altogether to the Civilised World’: Race and the Cabanagem in Northern Brazil, 1750–1850,”
Comparative Studies in Society and History
40 (January 1998): 109–35; Hemming,
Tree of Rivers
, p. 122.

5
. Hemming,
Tree of Rivers
, p. 122; Cleary, “ ‘Lost Altogether to the Civilised World,’ ”p. 131.

6
. Weinstein,
The Amazon Rubber Boom
, p. 42.

7
. George Washington Sears,
Forest Runes
, Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 1887, pp. 157–58; Hecht, “The Last Unfinished Page of Genesis,” p. 61.

8
. Author’s interview with Diogo Franco, March 14, 2008.