Authors: Joshua Zeitz
9
“The corset-curse”:
Jenna Weissman Joselit,
A Perfect Fit: Clothes, Character and the Promise of America
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001), 49–50.
10
Stanton put the matter:
Paula Welch, “The Relationship of the Women’s Rights Movement to Women’s Sport and Physical Education in the United States, 1848–1920,”
Proteus
3, no. 1 (1986): 36.
11
“We only wore it”:
Joselit,
A Perfect Fit
, 46.
12
“ladies of irreproachable character”:
Welch, “The Relationship of the Women’s Rights Movement to Women’s Sport,” 36.
13
“popular rise of sports”:
John Higham, “The Reorientation of American Culture
in the 1890s,” in John Weiss, ed.,
The Origins of Modern Consciousness
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1965), 25–28.
14
“athletic kind of girl!”:
Higham, “The Reorientation of American Culture,” 30–31.
15
“To men, rich and poor”:
Welch, “The Relationship of the Women’s Rights Movement to Women’s Sport,” 37.
16
Dr. Edward Clarke:
Margaret A. Lowe,
Looking Good: College Women and Body Image, 1875–1930
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), 2.
17
“day’s tramp”:
Lowe,
Looking Good
, 47–49.
18
“the biggest day”:
Lowe,
Looking Good
, 49.
19
“no skirts at all”:
Lowe,
Looking Good
, 48.
C
HAPTER
15: L
ET
G
O OF THE
W
AISTLINE
1
“King of Fashion”:
Paul Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
(London: V. Gollancz, 1931), 285.
2
“Parisian of Paris”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 11–12.
3
“Women and their toilettes”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 19.
4
“smash my pride”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 25.
5
Four hundred copies:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 27, 36.
6
“The women wore them”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 43.
7
“Young man, you know”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 61.
8
“You call that a dress?”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 63.
9
clothing for the New Woman:
Amy De La Haye and Shelley Tobin,
Chanel: The Couturiere at Work
(Woodstock, N.Y.: The Overlook Press, 1996), 13; Sandra Ley,
Fashion for Everyone: The Story of Ready-to-Wear
(New York: Scribner, 1975), 53–55.
10
“I waged war upon it”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 73.
11
“shackled the legs”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 73.
12
“despotism of fashion”:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 290.
13
supreme derision:
Poiret,
My First Fifty Years
, 146–47.
14
“made for each other”:
Axel Masden,
Chanel: A Woman of Her Own
(New York: Henry Holt, 1990), 55.
15
“Chanel frock was born”:
Masden,
Chanel: A Woman of Her Own
, 69; Marcel Hadrich,
Coco Chanel: Her Life, Her Secrets
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), 90.
16
“let go of the waistline”:
Masden,
Chanel
, 78.
17
Harper’s Bazaar: De La Haye and Tobin,
Chanel
, 20.
18
“leading the way”: New York Times
, April 23, 1916, X2.
19
Marie Louise-Deray:
Masden,
Chanel
, 80.
20
“Let them take lovers”:
De La Haye and Tobin,
Chanel
, 19.
21
“flapper uniform”:
Bruce Bliven, “Flapper Jane,”
New Republic
, September 9, 1925.
22
“feminized tweeds”: New Yorker
, November 7, 1925, 28.
23
masculine influences:
De La Haye and Tobin,
Chanel
, 42.
24
“misérabilisme de luxe”: Masden,
Chanel
, 116–17.
25
Parisian law student:
Valerie Steele,
Paris Fashion: A Cultural History
(New York: Berg Publishers, 1998), 256.
26
“Oriental” or “primitive” themes:
Elaine Porter, “Women’s Fashions in 1920s America,” unpublished BA dissertation, Cambridge University, Spring 2005, 9–16.
27
“hemline moveth slowly”: Washington Post
, July 12, 1925, SM4.
28
DISPLAY OF SPRING FASHIONS:
New York Times
, January 22, 1927, 15.
29
A Baptist pastor:
Jenna Weissman Joselit,
A Perfect Fit: Clothes, Character and the Promise of America
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001), 66.
30
“adjust length to becomingness”:
Joselit,
A Perfect Fit
, 60.
31
“yearly cry”: New Yorker
, October 10, 1925, 32.
C
HAPTER
16: I
NTO THE
S
TREETS
1
“The whole position”:
Eleanor Goodman and Jean Nerenberg, “Everywoman’s Jewelry: Early Plastics and Equality in Fashion,”
Journal of Popular Culture
13, no. 4 (Spring 1980): 632–33.
2
Alexander Hamilton:
Stewart and Elizabeth Ewen,
Channels of Desire: Mass Images and the Shaping of American Consciousness
(New York: McGraw Hill Publishers, 1982), 160.
3
status quo changed slowly:
Ewen and Ewen,
Channels of Desire
, 166–67.
4
Ellen Curtis Demorest:
Milbank,
New York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style
(New York: Abrams, 1989), 18.
5
“A sketch is given”:
Rob Schorman,
Selling Style: Clothing and Social Change at the Turn of the Century
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003), 53–54.
6
over six yards of forty-eight-inch fabric:
Jane Farrell-Beck and Joyce Starr-Johnson, “Remodeling and Renovating Clothes, 1870–1933,”
Dress
19 (1992): 39.
7
under three yards of fifty-four-inch wool:
Farrell-Beck and Starr-Johnson, “Remodeling and Renovating Clothes,” 43. Between 1870 and 1929, annual sales of factory-made women’s clothes jumped from $12.9 million to $1.6 billion—roughly equivalent to $17.5 billion in current-day money.
8
“The winter openings”: New Yorker
, August 28, 1926, 44–46.
9
“Fashion does not exist”:
Amy De La Haye and Shelley Tobin,
Chanel: The Couturiere at Work
(New York: Overlook Press, 1994), 54.
10
Madame Doret:
De La Haye and Tobin,
Chanel
, 54–55.
11
“ ‘Chanel’ Rhinestone Bags”: New York Times
, December 23, 1927, 7.
12
“copies of Patou”: New York Times
, November 28, 1926, 15.
13
“Paris hats … so exact”: New Yorker
, March 12, 1927, 7.
14
even farm girls:
Jenna Weissman Joselit,
A Perfect Fit: Clothes, Character and the Promise of America
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001), 22.
15
Rural free delivery and parcel post:
Thomas Schlereth, “Country Stores, County Fairs and Mail-Order Catalogues: Consumption in Rural America,” in Simon J. Bronner, ed.,
Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display
of Goods in America, 1880–1920
(New York: Norton, 1989), 342–45, 349.
16
“on time”:
Ewen and Ewen,
Channels of Desire
, 65.
17
as little as $8.98:
Stella Blum, ed.,
Everyday Fashions of the Twenties: As Pictures in Sears and Other Catalogs
(New York: Dover Publications, 1981).
18
cheap imitation jewelry:
Eleanor Gordon and Jean Nerenberg, “Everywoman’s Jewelry: Early Plastics and Equality in Fashion,”
Journal of Popular Culture
(Spring 1980): 629–44.
19
“Heinz pickle jars”: New Yorker
, March 6, 1926, 41.
20
parlor maid and the debutante:
Goodman and Nerenberg, “Everywoman’s Jewelry,” 633.
21
“one big shop exclusively”: New Yorker
, September 18, 1926, 54.
22
“It is most annoying”: New Yorker
, April 3, 1926, 34.
23
“a second clue”:
Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd,
Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture
(New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1929), 161.
24
“Only a connoisseur”:
Ewen and Ewen,
Channels of Desire
, 177.
25
“Riverside Drive or East 4th Street”:
Ewen and Ewen,
Channels of Desire
, 181.
26
Jane Addams:
Joselit,
A Perfect Fit
, 39.
27
“Let them copy”:
Joseph Barry, “ ‘I Am on the Side of Women,’ Said My Friend Chanel,”
Smithsonian
(1971) 2, no. 2: 30.
28
“Thanks to me”:
Marcel Hadrich,
Coco Chanel: Her Life, Her Secrets
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), 119.