Flapper (46 page)

²
written by the losers:
Joshua Michael Zeitz, “Rebel Redemption Redux,”
Dissent
(Winter 2001): 70–77.

³
group of Georgians:
On the Klan revival, see David M. Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan
(New York: 1965), chap. 3–4.

⁴
five hundred thousand women:
Kathleen M. Blee,
Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s
(Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1991), 2.

⁵
man from Timson:
Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism
, 39–48.

⁶
“straighten out our people”:
Blee,
Women of the Klan
, 83.

⁷
“the revolting spectacle”:
Blee,
Women of the Klan
, 87.

⁸
William Wilson:
William E. Wilson, “That Long Hot Summer in Indiana,”
American Heritage
16, no. 5 (May 1965): 56–64.

⁹
burned down dance halls:
Blee,
Women of the Klan
, 85–86.

¹⁰
members from cities:
On the character and makeup of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, see Kenneth T. Jackson,
The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915–1930
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), parts 1, 5.

¹¹
Lyman Abbott:
Edwin Gaustad and Leigh Schmidt,
The Religious History of America
(New York: Harper & Row, 2002), 304.

¹²
five theological “fundamentals”:
On the early history of fundamentalism, see George M. Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1980).

¹³
“crude beliefs and the common intelligence”:
On the exchange between Bryan and Darrow, see Edward J. Larson,
Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), 3–8, 187–93.

¹⁴
“age of
Amen”: Larson,
Summer for the Gods
, 229.

C
HAPTER
8: N
EW
Y
ORK
S
OPHISTICATION

¹
towns outside of Chicago:
Gerald E. Critoph, “The Flapper and Her Critics,” in Carol V. R. George, ed.,
“Remember the Ladies”: New Perspectives on Women in American History
(Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1975), 153.

²
Kearney, New Jersey:
Critoph, “The Flapper and Her Critics,” 154.

³
“flapper slouch”: New York Times
, July 6, 1922, 8.

⁴
“declaration of independence”:
Critoph, “The Flapper and Her Critics,” 154.

⁵
Mrs. Anna Mesime: New York Times
, November 16, 1922, 10.

⁶
at least $117: New York Times
, March 5, 1922, 3.

⁷
“Eulogy on the Flapper”:
Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, “Eulogy on the Flapper,”
Metropolitan Magazine
, June 1922, in Matthew J. Bruccoli and Mary Gordon, eds.,
Zelda Fitzgerald: The Collected Writings
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1991), 391.

⁸
Butte, Montana:
Mary Murphy, “ ‘ … And All That Jazz’: Changing Manners and Morals in Butte After World War I,”
Montana
46, no. 4 (Winter 1996): 54.

⁹
“a big-boned westerner”:
Ben Yagoda,
About Town:
The New Yorker
and the World It Made
(New York: Scribner, 2000), 25.

¹⁰
Algonquin Hotel:
Margaret Chase Harriman,
The Vicious Circle: The Story of the Algonquin Round Table
(New York: Rinehart, 1951), 21–22; Rian James,
Dining in New York
(New York: The John Day Company, 1931), 21–22.

¹¹
highbrow discussions:
Yagoda,
About Town
, 32.

¹²
Dorothy Parker:
Robert E. Drennan, ed.,
The Algonquin Wits
(New York: Citadel Press, 1968), 112–13.

¹³
old lady in Dubuque:
Background on
The New Yorker
is culled from Yagoda,
About Town
, chap. 1–2.

C
HAPTER
9: M
ISS
J
AZZ
A
GE

¹
“most dashing figure”:
Brendan Gill,
Here at
The New Yorker (New York: Random House, 1975), 203.

²
stumbled her way:
Gill,
Here at
The New Yorker, 203; “Lois Long” in
American National Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).

³
“exceptionally well-constructed”:
Dale Kramer,
Ross and
The New Yorker (Garden City: Doubleday, 1951), 82, 212.

⁴
later raised to $75:
Harrison Kinney,
James Thurber: His Life and Times
(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1995), 378.

⁵
“Drinks were a dollar twenty-five”:
Kinney,
James Thurber
, 378–79.

⁶
specially fitted wire:
Michael and Ariane Batterberry,
On the Town in New York
(New York: Scribner, 1999), 205.

⁷
stock exchange bell sounded:
Rian James,
Dining in New York
(New York: The John Day Company, 1931), 227.

⁸
“threw up in his cab”:
Kinney,
James Thurber
, 378–79.

⁹
amused her colleagues:
Kramer,
Ross and
The New Yorker, 82–83.

¹⁰
“Lilly Daché hats”:
Kennedy Fraser,
Ornament and Silence: Essays on Women’s Lives
(New York: Knopf, 1996), 234.

¹¹
“the real excitement”: New Yorker
, April 3, 1926, 42.

¹²
“HAS been a week!”: New Yorker
, November 14, 1925, 25. For a description of the County Fair, see Charles G. Shaw,
Nightlife
(New York: The John Day Company, 1931), 84.

¹³
Most working women:
Winifred D. Wandersee,
Women’s Work and Family Values, 1920–1940
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), 85. Thirty percent of women in the 1920s worked as domestic servants, 19 percent as clerical workers, 18 percent as factory workers, 6 percent as store clerks, and 9 percent as farmers.

¹⁴
earned lower wages:
Lynn Dumenil,
Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s
(New York: Hill and Wang, 1995), 115–16. Saleswomen earned only 42 percent of what salesmen brought home.

C
HAPTER
10: G
IRLISH
D
ELIGHT IN
B
ARROOMS

¹
$28,754.78:
Matthew J. Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of
F. Scott Fitzgerald
, rev. ed. 1993 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 224–25.

²
“where the $36,960 had gone”:
Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur
, 225.

³
first week in Paris:
Sara Mayfield,
Exiles from Paradise: Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald
(New York: Delacorte Press, 1971), 94.

⁴
never bothered to learn anything:
Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur
, 275.

⁵
Upon arriving in Valescure:
Nancy Milford,
Zelda: A Biography
(New York: Harper & Row, 1970), 106.

⁶
sometime after July 13:
Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur
, 230–33.

⁷
“terrible four-day rows”:
Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur
, 245.

⁸
Colony, at Sixty-first Street:
Rian James,
Dining in New York
(New York: The John Day Company, 1931), 187–88.

⁹
Pirate’s Den:
Stephen Graham,
New York Nights
(New York: George H. Doran Company, 1927), 32–33.

¹⁰
“the crowd there”: New Yorker
, November 21, 1925.

¹¹
“short, squat maiden”: New Yorker
, November 14, 1925, 26; and December 18, 1926, 79.

¹²
“snappy little roadster”: New Yorker
, November 21, 1925, 22.

¹³
“threw up a few times”: New Yorker
, February 12, 1927.

¹⁴
“spectacular dry raids”: New Yorker
, January 1, 1927, 56.

¹⁵
“it was nothing”:
Harrison Kinney,
James Thurber: His Life and Times
(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1995), 379.

¹⁶
“hoped we could drink”:
Kinney,
James Thurber
, 378–79.

¹⁷
“Youth of America”: New Yorker
, July 17, 1926, 47–48.

¹⁸
a new cocktail:
Dale Kramer,
Ross and
The New Yorker (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1951), 124.

¹⁹
“grown-up sport”: New Yorker
, July 24, 1926, 38.

²⁰
“Remedy for a dented flask”: New Yorker
, July 3, 1926, 48; July 10, 1926, 48.

²¹
“without a corkscrew”: New Yorker
, December 4, 1926, 91–92.

²²
“girlish delight in barrooms”: New Yorker
, September 12, 1925.

C
HAPTER
11: T
HESE
M
ODERN
W
OMEN

¹
Charlotte Perkins Gilman:
Nancy F. Cott,
The Grounding of Modern Feminism
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), 150–52.

²
Lillian Symes:
Lillian Symes, “Still a Man’s Game: Reflections of a Slightly Tired Feminist,”
Harper’s Magazine
158 (May 1929): 678–79.