Fear Itself (120 page)

military segregation defended by, 213

Moscow Declaration signed by, 75

Neutrality Act signed by, 295

neutrality in Spanish Civil War enforced by, 294

New Deal defended by, 249–51

on NIRA, 229

NRPB created by, 374

postwar planning of, 368, 408

purge of southern members of Congress attempted by, 175

report on South requested by, 169–72

rumor-mongering by, 322

Second Bill of Rights requested by, 196, 379–80

“Sixty Million Jobs” speech of, 380

Smith Act signed by, 333

Southern support for, 22, 149, 159, 160

State of the Union speeches of, 195–96, 197–98, 201–2, 221, 243–44, 300

states of emergency declared by, 335–42

at Tehran Conference, 555–56

USES recentralized by, 382

on voting rights of soldiers, 195–96, 197–98, 201, 556

at Yalta summit, 357–61, 406

Roosevelt, Theodore, 120

Rosenberg, Alfred, 72, 283

Rosenberg, Ethel, 462, 653

Rosenberg, Julius, 462, 653

Rosenblatt, Josef (Yossele), 61

Rosenman, Samuel, 201, 522, 555

Ross, Harry, 96

Rossiter, Clinton, 123, 349, 465, 466, 531

Rotterdam, Netherlands, 351

Royal Air Force, 64, 70

Royal Navy, 305

rubber, 177, 184, 288

Rusk, Dean, 643

Russell, Richard, 128, 180, 188, 189, 266, 426, 431, 434, 443, 645

Russia, 105

in alliance with France, 100

Tsar dethroned in, 104

see also
Soviet Union

Russian Civil War, 59

Russian Revolution, 326

Rutledge, Archibald, 567

SA, 98, 108, 509

Sacco, Ferdinando, 55, 60

St Mary-le-Bow, 41

St Paul’s Cathedral, 41

SA-Mann,
111

Sandel, Michael, 19

Santayana, George, 93, 531

Saturday Evening Post,
56, 235

Sayre, Francis, 298

Scandinavia, 40, 105, 173

Schattschneider, E. E., 402

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 10, 37–38, 247, 424, 459, 465, 474, 497, 499

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Sr., 35–36, 247

Schmitt, Carl, 107, 114

Schmitter, Pilippe, 573

Schorske, Carl, 105

Schuman, Frederick, 298

Schuyler, George, 589

Schwellenbach, Lewis, 383, 388–89

Science,
455, 462

Science: The Endless Frontier,
455

scientific research, 346–50, 455–59

Scopes trial, 55

Scribner’s, 62

SEC, 36

Second Bill of Rights, 196, 379–80

Second Treatise of Government
(Locke), 109

Securities Act (1933), 252

Securities Exchange Act (1934), 35, 252, 256

Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), 44, 162, 252, 257

Sedition Act (1918), 122, 325

Seed of Chaos
(Brittan), 501

segregation, 14–15, 16, 25, 86, 88, 89, 95, 128, 133–55, 163, 166, 169, 177, 185–87, 212–13, 289–90, 387, 388, 39203

end of, 474–75, 486

fair employment bill and, 188–91

federal inaction on, 133–35

foreign policy and, 567

geography of, 136–37

in housing, 24

of military, 42, 185, 313, 340, 558–59

New Deal and, 17–18, 159–62, 172, 545

NRA and, 241–42

rules of, 140–41

Taft’s cavalier attitude toward, 133–35

Selective Service Act (1917), 290

Selective Service System, 313

Selective Training and Services Act (1940), 214, 314, 316, 343, 393, 585

Senate, U.S.:

Agriculture Committee, 150

antilynching bill in, 167

Appropriations Committee of, 150

arms embargo ended in, 309–10

Banking and Currency Committee, 150, 256

Commerce Committee, 150

defense bill in, 309

District of Columbia Committee, 88

Education and Labor Committee, 268

fair employment bill in, 188–91

Finance Committee, 150, 239, 260, 387

Foreign Relations Committee, 293–94, 304, 422, 426

Internal Security Subcommittee, 331, 462, 464

Judiciary Committee, 205–6

labor standards bill in, 268–69, 271–72

Military Affairs Committee, 149, 150, 311, 314–15, 324, 437, 454, 644

Munitions Investigating Committee, 292

sectional votes in, 164,
165

soldier voting bill in, 207–15

Special Committee to Investigate Campaign Expenditures, 91

Special Committee on Postwar Economic Policy and Planning, 368

Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program, 92

separation of powers, 8, 12, 110, 123–27

Servicemen’s Voting Act (1942), 197–222, 560–61

Seventh Party Congress, Soviet, 74

Seventy-fifth Legion of Fascist Militia of Ferrara, 70–71

Shanghai, Japan’s attack on, 39, 102

sharecropping, 171, 266–67, 478

Share Our Wealth movement, 161

Sheffield, England, 41

Shell Oil, 246, 273, 398

Sheppard, Morris, 147

Sherwood, Robert, 359, 555

Shils, Edward, 462

shipping, 326

Shonfield, Andrew, 398–99

Short, Dewey, 423, 433, 644

show trials, 78–82

Siedler, Wolf Jobst, 501

Sikes, Robert Lee, 446

Simons, Hans, 49, 503

Sims, Hugo, 466

Singapore, 41, 315

Sixteenth Amendment, 261–62

slave labor, 72

slavery, 13, 282

Smiley v. Holm,
557

Smith, Adam, 19

Smith, Al, 85, 228, 262, 540, 578

Smith, Ellison “Cotton Ed,” 149, 168, 211, 216, 538

Smith, Gerald L. K., 285

Smith, Harold, 377

Smith, Hoke, 146, 147

Smith, Howard, 273–74, 389, 396, 433

Smith, Walter Bedell, 470

Smith Act, 332–34, 353, 433

Smith-Connally Act (1943),
see
War Labor Disputes Act

Smith v. Allwright,
90, 185, 218

Smoot, Reed, 262

Smoot-Hawley tariff, 262–64, 580–81

Smyth, Henry DeWolf, 350

Smyth Report, 435

Snyder, Timothy, 41

Sobell, Morton, 462

Social Democratic Party, German, 110

socialism, 6–7

Socialist Workers Party, 333–34

Social Mobilization Bill, 455

Social Security, 24, 291, 474

Social Security Act (1935), 35, 43, 162, 250, 252, 258, 259–60, 265, 268, 382, 386–87, 552, 580

Society of Friends, 220

Somaliland, 68

Somme, Battle of the, 101

Sorokin, Pitirim, 32

Souers, Sidney, 440

Souls of Black Folks, The
(Du Bois), 494

South, U.S., 535–53

AEC members from, 432–33

antilynching bill opposed by, 166–68

army bases in, 427

Congressional votes of, 192–93,
192

draft supported in, 312

economic interest in internationalism of, 287–91

FDR’s request for report on, 169–72

federal employment practices opposed by, 384–86

Finance Committee dominated by, 387

foreign policy and, 585

industrial employment in, 183–84

internationalism of, 280–81, 301, 303

labor organizing in, 183

Nazi admiration for, 282–86

New Deal partially shaped by, 15–16, 17–18, 23, 24–25, 95, 127–29, 152, 155, 160–61, 163–64, 165, 252–53, 378–79, 471–72, 542

as pivotal bloc in legislature, 21–22, 24–25, 148–55,
153,
154

pro-British stance of, 287, 288

quasi-feudal tenure system in, 157–58

racial structure of,
see
segregation

soldiers’ voting rights and, 196–222

Truman administration’s reliance on, 425–26

unions in, 183, 371, 389–90, 549

voting patterns in, 180–82,
181

World War II jolt to economy of, 182–85

South Carolina, 136, 140, 142, 165, 199, 204, 207–8, 394

South Carolina Chamber of Commerce, 387

Southern Agrarians, 157

Southern Cotton Association, 206

Southern Historical Association, 169, 170

Southern Labor Conference, 392

“Southern Man and the Negro” (Wright), 143–44

Southern Manifesto, 400

Southern Politics in State and Nation
(Key), 127–28, 264

South Korea, 418

U.S. soldiers stationed in, 436

Soviet Union, 5, 12, 13, 17, 43, 92–93, 105, 106, 117, 277, 278, 279, 354–56, 407, 409, 411–12, 634

in alliance with Allied powers, 42, 324, 332

American attachment to ideology of, 39, 54–56, 326

anti-Fascist repression in, 94–95

atomic bomb of, 349, 416, 441, 450, 451, 452, 465

border of, 359

class criteria for citizenship in, 52

elections in, 412

famine in, 55

Germany pillaged by, 357

Germany’s invasion of, 70, 94, 314, 315, 354, 355–56, 485, 616

Gulag system in, 39, 52, 79, 356–57

Iran and, 408

Kennan’s analysis of, 412–14

limited bombing capabilities of, 469

markets eliminated in, 51, 234, 238

Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine seen as threatening by, 418

military investment in, 52, 102–3, 182, 291, 310

Poland invaded by, 274

spies for, 462

World War II casualties of, 355

World War II dictatorship of, 354–57

see also
Cold War

Spain, 277

Spanish Civil War, 31, 293–94, 296, 299

Sparkman, John, 219–20, 312, 400, 468

speculations, 35

Speer, Albert, 72

Speier, Hans, 500–501, 503

Spirit of St. Louis,
62

Spirit of the Laws
(Montesquieu), 110

Springer, Raymond, 208

SS, 98, 509

SS Einsatzgruppen, 41

Stalin, Joseph, 52, 94, 105, 195, 236, 355, 412, 515

Katyn Forest massacre ordered by, 356

Korean War sanctioned by, 418

liberal democracy denounced by, 113

Moscow Declaration signed by, 75

plot against, 80

at Potsdam conference, 403

show trials ordered by, 78–82

victims of, 17, 79

at Yalta summit, 357, 358, 359

Stalinist Bolshevism, 40, 113

Standard Oil, 246, 273, 348, 398

Standley, William, 68

Stark, Louis, 370

Starnes, Joe, 269–70, 330

Stason, E. Blythe, 432

State Department, U.S., 32, 293, 321, 406, 407, 409, 439–40, 448, 451–52, 454, 462, 464, 602

State Science Plan, 355

State Security, Soviet, 39

“stay neutral” drive, 304

Steagall, Henry Bascom, 60, 255, 578

Stearns, Harold, 36

steel, 177, 262, 288, 326

Steiner, Zara, 103

Stennis, John, 59, 86

Stephens, Hubert, 85

Stettinus, Edward, Jr., 307, 408, 595

Stevens, Thaddeus, 220

Stevenson, Adlai, 219, 312, 400, 468, 480

Stewart, Paul, 386, 391

Stimson, Henry, 349, 444, 457, 458

stock market crash of 1929, 37

Stone, Donald, 377

Stone, I. F., 640

Strange, Dorothy, 89

Strategic Air Command (SAC), 445–46, 447

Strauss, Leo, 50

Strauss, Lewis, 483–84

Streicher, Julius, 72

strikes, 391

Stürmer, Der
, 72

Subversive Activities Control Board, 46

Sudetenland, 289

sulfur, 288

Sullivan, Edward, 330

Sullivan, Mark, 306

Sumner, Charles, 543

Sumners, Hatton, 179, 180, 384, 433

Supreme Court, U.S.:

anti-segregationist ruling in, 90

FDR’s planned packing of, 151, 170, 178, 269

NRA struck down by, 245, 247, 257, 267

studies of, 4

Supreme Court, USSR, 59

Surplus Property Act (1944), 368–69

Survey of Racial Conditions in the United States
(RACON), 341

Swanson, Claude, 66–67, 68

Sweden, 277, 593

Sweeney, Martin, 597

Swift, 398

Swiss Confederation, 40–41

Switzerland, 277

Swope, Gerard, 244

Symington, Stuart, 447–48, 451, 470

Szilard, Leo, 349, 414, 613

Taber, John, 236, 449

Taft, Robert, 219, 221, 337, 394, 395–96, 559, 568, 644

Taft, William Howard, 133–35, 148–49, 457, 534–35

Taft-Hartley Act (Labor Management Relations Act; 1947), 372, 389, 393–98, 400, 402, 423, 474, 629

Taiwan, 418

Take Your Choice: Separation or Mongrelization
(Bilbo), 90–91

Talmadge, Eugene, 86

tariffs, 144, 146, 158, 261–64, 288, 580–81

Tarver, Malcolm, 180, 312, 568

taxation, 161, 171, 230, 266, 372, 540

Teheran Conference, 195, 197, 555–56

Temporary Commission on Employee Loyalty, 459

tenancy, 266–67

Tennessee, 136, 141, 199, 211, 253, 394, 426

Tennessee Coal and Iron, 174

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 36, 160, 205, 253–55, 289, 432, 576, 644

Tennessee Valley Authority Act (1933), 252

Terkel, Studs, 12

Terrell, George, 254

Ter-Vaganyan, Vagarshak Arutyunovich, 82

Texas, 136, 141, 165, 199, 204, 394, 426, 553–54, 555, 597

Texas Manufacturers Association, 387

Thirteenth Amendment, 133, 200

Thirteenth Party Congress, Soviet, 80

Thomas, Charles A., 638

Thomas, Elmer, 91, 538

Thomas, J. Parnell, 330

Thomas, Norman, 56, 281, 495

Thomason, Robert, 254, 312, 644

Thoreau, Henry David, 29, 522

Thurmond, Strom, 23, 610

Tibbs, Andrew, 90

Ticarico, Leonard, 512

Tily, Herbert, 243

Time,
58, 59–61, 63, 350–51, 411, 427

Tindall, George, 287

tobacco, 127, 184, 264, 266, 289

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 10–11, 136, 137, 475

“Todesfuge” (Celan), 42