Exodus From the Alamo: The Anatomy of the Last Stand Myth (66 page)

A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Chariton,
Exploring the Alamo Legends
, p. 65; McDonald,
William Barret Travis
, p. 86; Santa Anna to McArdle, March 19, 1874, TSL and AC; Wheelan,
Invading Mexico
, p. 46; Perry, ed. and trans,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 42; Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, pp. 134–135.
^63.
McDonald,
William Barret Travis
, pp. 93, 175–176; Santa Anna to McArdle, March 19, 1874, TSL and AC; Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, pp. 134–135; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 630.
^64.
New Orleans Post and Union
, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 28, 1836;
The New Yorker
, New York, New York, April 16, 1836;
Western Courier and Piqua Enquirer
, Piqua, Ohio, April 16, 1836; Groneman,
Defense of a Legend
, pp. 79–80; Derr,
The Frontiersman
, p. 248; Gaddy,
Texas in Revolt
, p. 47; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413;
Columbia Observer
, Columbia, Tennessee, April 14, 1836; Chariton,
Exploring the Alamo Legends
, p. 65; Lindley,
Alamo Traces
, pp. 42–44; Hardin,
Texan Iliad
, p. 29; Santa Anna to McArdle, March 19, 1874, TSL and AC; Matovina,
The Alamo Remember
, p. 44;
Morning Commercial and New York Enquirer
, July 18, 1836; Paul Fregosi,
Dreams of Empire: Napoleon and the first world war, 1792–1815
, (New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1990), p. 211.
^65.
Morning Courier and New York Enquirer
, New York, July 18, 1836; Smith,
Napoleon Against Russia
, pp. 224–225;
Western Courier and Pique Enquirer
, April 16, 1836; Gregg J. Dimmick,
Sea of Mud, The Retreat of the Mexican Army After San Jacinto: An Archeological Investigation
, (Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association, 2004), pp. 235–236; Fregosi,
Dreams of Empire
, p. 211.
^66.
Groneman, Defense of a Legend, p. 79.
^67.
Moore, Eighteen Minutes, pp. 45-46; Hansen, ed., The Alamo Reader, pp. 499, 512-518; Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, p. 87; Roberts and Olson, A Line in the Sand, pp. 169-170; Kilgore, How Did Davy Die?, p. 17.
^68.
General Sam Houston to Henry Raguet, March 13, 1836, Madge W. Hearne Collection, Texas State Library, Archives Division, Austin, Texas; Santos,
Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas
, p. 87; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, pp. 169–171; Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, pp. 35, 88–89; Kilgore,
How Did Davy Die?
, p. 17.
^69.
Ibid; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, p. 171.
^70.
The New Yorker
, April 16, 1836.
^71.
Gaddy,
Texas in Revolt
, p. 47.
^72.
New Orleans Post and Union
, March 28, 1836.
^73.
Western Courier and Piqua Enquirer
, April 16, 1836.
^74.
San Antonio Daily Express
, June 23, 1878;
Frankfort Commonwealth
, May 25, 1836; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82; Brown,
The New Orleans Greys
, p. 292; Santos,
Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas
, p. 72; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, pp. 44–45, 50-51; Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, p. 146; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, pp. 82, 147; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, p. 156; Nelson,
The Alamo
, p. 111; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 162.
^75.
Frankfort Commonwealth
, May 25, 1836;
Commercial Bulletin
, April 11, 1836; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, p. 175.
^76.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Lord, A Time to Stand, p. 105.
^77.
San Antonio Daily Express
, June 23, 1878; Nelson,
The Alamo
, p. 49; Long,
Duel of Eagles
, p. 75; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 105.
^78.
Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, p. 20.
^79.
Frankfort Commonwealth
, May 25, 1836;
San Antonio Daily Express
, June 23, 1878; Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, p. 25;
Commercial Bulletin
, April 11, 1836; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 439; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 163; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 49; Long,
Duel of Eagles
, p. 244.
^80.
Santa Anna to McArdle, March 19, 1874, TSL and AC.
^81.
San Antonio Express-News
, San Antonio, Texas, November 22, 1902; Levy,
American Legend
, p. 279; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413.
^82.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 24; Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, p. 7.
^83.
San Antonio Daily Express
, June 23, 1878;
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 51; Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. iv, p. 60; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82; Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, p. 147; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano.
^84.
Groneman,
Alamo Defenders
, p. 11.
^85.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Brown,
The New Orleans Greys
, p.186; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82.
^86.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Howard R. Driggs and Sarah S. King,
Rise of the Lone Star: A Story of Texas Told by its Pioneers
, (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1936), p. 225; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82.
^87.
Frankfort Commonwealth
, May 25, 1836;
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82;
Commonwealth Bulletin,
April 11, 1836.
^88.
Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. iv, p. 60; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82.
^89.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, pp. 49–50; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, p. 145; Chemerka,
Alamo Anthology
, p. 72.
^90.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, pp. 49–50; Levy,
American Legend
, p. 281; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 412–413; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82.
^91.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, pp. 49–50, 52.
^92.
Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 45; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, p. 413.
^93.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, pp. 25, 80–81.
^94.
Memphis Enquirer
, April 12, 1836; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 50; Sutherland Manuscript, CAH; Buchanan,
The Road to Guilford Courthouse
, p. 214; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp, 70–71, 82.
^95.
Memphis Enquirer
, April 12, 1836; Perry, ed. and trans,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 50; Buchanan,
The Road to Guilford Courthouse
, p. 214.
^96.
Buchanan,
The Road to Guilford Courthouse
, p. 214; Rothenberg,
The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon
, p. 63
^97.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 45; Lindley,
Alamo Traces
, p. 45; Rothenberg,
The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon
, pp. 64–65; Nelson,
The Alamo
, p. 111; Lord,
A Time to Stand
, p. 67.
^98.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 45; Pohl,
The Battle of San Jacinto
, p. 27; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, p. 82; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, p. 413;
Maryland Gazette
, November 5, 1835; Nelson,
The Alamo
, p. 111; Frederick Cook,
Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan
(Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1967), pp. 10, 29, 203.
^99.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 45; Smith,
On to the Alamo
, p. vii; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, p. 413; Jean-Roch Coignet,
Captain Coignet: A Soldier of Napoleon and the Imperial Guard from the Italian Campaign to Waterloo
(London: Leonaur Ltd., 2007), p. 123; Ed Gilbert,
Frontier Militiamen in the War of 1812: Southwestern Frontier
(Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2008), p. 54.
^100.
Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, p. 109.
^101.
Sutherland Manuscript, CAH;
American-Statesman
, April 15, 2004; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 182; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, pp. 88, 107; M. L. Crimmins, “American Powder’s Part in Winning Texas Independence,”
Southern Historical Quarterly
, vol. 52, no. 1, (July 1948) pp. 109–111; Borchardt,
“DuPont Marks Its Bicentennial,” Chemistry Chronicles
, pp. 43–46; Winders,
Sacrificed at the Alamo
, p. 94; Hardin,
Texian Iliad
, pp. 107–108; King,
James Clinton Neill
, pp. 81–82; Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. iii, p. 31-36; DePalo,
The Mexican National Army
, p. 34; Walraven and Walraven,
The Magnificent Barbarians
, p. 52; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 59.
^102.
San Antonio Express
, June 23, 1878; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, pp. 165–166; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano;
Washington Post
, July 30, 1887; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, pp. 37, 143, 165; Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 46; Lindstrom,
“Assault at Dawn,” Campaign
, pp. 14–15;
Washington Post
, July 30, 1887.
^103.
Jose Vincent Miñon Service Record, Latin American Library, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. vi, 25–27, 34, 46, 50; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, pp. 143, 152, 165; Niderost,
“No Mercy!,” Military Heritage
, p. 65; Lindstrom,
“Assault at Dawn,” Campaign
, pp. 14–15.
^104.
Washington Post
, July 30, 1887; Roberts and Olson,
A Line in the Sand
, p. 130; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 522.
^105.
Washington Post
, July 30, 1887; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 522.
^106.
Perry, ed. and trans.,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, pp. 50, 52; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, pp. 125, 165.
^107.
San Antonio Express-News
, November 22, 1902; Brown,
The New Orleans Greys
, pp. 186–188; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, p. 413.
^108.
Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Chemerka,
Alamo Anthology
, pp. 69, 71; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, p. 413; Groneman,
Eyewitness at the Alamo
, p. 30; Winders,
Sacrificed at the Alamo
, p. 126; Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. vi, pp. 43, 50; NPS historians, “18-pounder Revolutionary War Cannon,” FSNM.
^109.
De la Pena,
With Santa Anna in Texas
, p. 50.
^110.
Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Archivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Johnson,
A History of Texas and Texans
, pp. 413–414; Matovina,
The Alamo Remembered
, pp. 70–71, 82; Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, p. 82.
^111.
Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, p. 82; Borroel, ed. and trans.,
Field Reports of the Mexican Army During the Texan War of 1836
, vol. iii, p. 36.
^112.
Groneman,
Eyewitness to the Alamo
, pp. 82, 90, 93.
^113.
Ibid., p. 82; Sesma Report, March 11, 1836, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Achivo Historico Militar Mexicano; Huffines,
Blood of Noble Men
, pp. 176–179; Hansen, ed.,
The Alamo Reader
, p. 163.
Chapter 7: FLIGHT RATHER THAN FIGHT
^1.
Commercial Bulletin