Europe: A History (282 page)

School
483

siege of (1683) 641, 643, 657

University of 646

Vikings 293–4, 306, 308, 309
(see also
Normans)

Vilnius (Wilno) 660–1, 739

Virgil (Virgilius Maro) 177–8

Visegrád Group 1128

Visigoths 215, 224, 229, 232, 234

Vlachs 244, 389

Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia
449

Vladimir, Prince of Kiev 326

Vlasov, Andrei, General 1016, 1045

Volga Basin 63, 65

Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet 601, 605–6, 611, 664, 1210

Vorkuta
49, 963

Vyshinsky, Andrei 1053, 1055

WafFen S.S. 1016,
1017
, 1059, 1326–7

Wagner, Richard
230–1

Wagram, battle of (1809) 728

Wales

early middle ages
310

Eisteddfod 817, 829

English annexation of
310
, 408, 425, 549

medieval 309, 425

Methodism 595

national revival 595

Wałęsa, Lech 1108, 1122, 1124

Walewska, Maria 726

Wallace, William 408–9

Wallachia, Principality of 644

Wallenberg, Ralph 1021

Wallenstein, Albrecht von 564

Wallerstein, Immanuel
583–4

Wannsee Conference (1942) 1016, 1018

War 172, 345–8, 440, 521, 661, 715, 780, 865–75, 1212, 1266–7, 1282–3

(see also
Military History)

War of Devolution 624

Wars of the Roses 425–6

Warsaw, Grand Duchy of 729, 736–7, 754

Warsaw Ghetto Rising (1943) 1018

Warsaw Pact 1095, 1100, 1102, 1106, 1123

Warsaw Rising (1944) 1041–2

Washington Naval Agreement (1921) 941

Waterloo, battle of (1815) 761

Watt, James 680

Weber, Carl Maria von 688

Weber, Max 507, 518

Weimar 786, 941

Wellington, Duke, Arthur Wellesley 728, 736, 744, 754, 761,762

Wells, H. G. 860

Wendish Crusade 362, 1207

Wesley, Charles 595

Wesley, John 594–5

West European Union (WEU) 1084, 1334

West, Benjamin 614

Westermann, General 705, 711 ‘Western Civilization’ 19–31, 37, 38, 146, 1230

Western Europe (post-1945)

agriculture 1081

communications 1081

contemporary politics 1068–70, 1071–6, 1118–20, 1126–9

demography 1080

economy 1080–1, 1082

media 1077

philosophy 1076–7

religion 1078–9

science 1076,1081

society 1077–8

Westphalia, Kingdom of 729, 733

Westphalia, Treaty of (1648) 554, 565, 567, 568

Wettin, House of 395

Wheat
75–6

Whigs 629, 810

White Mountain, battle of (1620) 564

Wiesenthal, Simon
1034–5

Wilde, Oscar 862

Wilkins,John 509

William, Duke of Normandy

(‘the Conqueror’) 339

William of Ockham 433

William the Silent, Prince of Orange 527–9, 536,538,

William I, King of Prussia, Emperor of

Germany 824, 826, 868

William II, Count of Holland 376,
876–7

William II, Emperor of Germany 854, 910, 925

William III of Orange, King of England 624, 629, 631

William V, of Orange 690

Wilson, Thomas Woodrow 910–11, 921, 925, 927

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 95, 97

Windsor, House of 808–10, 1300–1

Wine 77

Witchcraft 437,
566–7

Witełło (Vitellius) 436

Witkiewicz, Stanisław 953

Wittelsbach, House of 395, 429, 1261

Władyshw IV, King of Poland 555, 558

Women 72–3, 123, 774, 958

Woolf, Virginia 892

Wordsworth, William 682–3

World Council of Churches 923

World War I

aftermath 925–6

Balkan theatre 907, 921

Brusilov offensive 903

Central Powers 901–2, 903, 907, 910, 914, 921, 925

cowardice 911

Eastern Front 903, 907, 921

Entente Powers 881, 891, 902, 907, 909, 911, 914, 921

Gallipoli campaign 907

Italian Front 907, 909

July Crisis 875, 877, 879–96

Levantine Front 907, 921

medicine 908

Mediterranean theatre 907

military strategy 902

naval warfare 909–10

origins 879–96

Peace Conference 926–8

war aims 901–2

Western Front 902–3, 904, 905, 921

(see also
Russian Revolution, Sarajevo, Verdun)

World War II

aftermath 1058–61

Balkan campaign 1010, 1012, 1039

Battle of the Atlantic 1009, 1028–9

Battle of Britain (1940) 1008

Bombing offensives 414–15, 1029–30

Collaboration 1015–16, 1017, 1019–20, 1033, 1060–1, 1326–7

D-Day landings 1039–40

Dunkirk 1006

Eastern Front 1000–5, 1004–5, 1009–12, 1011, 1013–16, 1017, 1022, 1026–7, 1031–5, 1034–5, 1036–7, 1038–9, 1041–2, 1042–5, 1043–4

entry of the U.S A 1027–8

ethnic cleansing 1034–5

fall of France 1006

Grand Alliance 1028, 1030, 1036

Italian campaign 1030–1

Liberation 1009, 1017, 1027, 1032, 1038, 1039–40, 1041

Low Countries 1006, 1042

Naval War 1008–9

North Africa 1009

Polish campaign 997–8, 1001–2

repatriation 1046–7

Resistance movements 1032–3

Scandinavia 1003, 1005–6

war crimes 1004–5, 1034–5

Winter War 1003

(see also
Germany (Third Reich), Holocaust, Stalingrad, USSR)

World Zionist Organization (W.Z.O.) 846

Writing 241, 1217, 1226–7, 1234–5, 1242–3

Wrocław (Breslau) 622–3, 1060

Wycliffe, John 403, 404

Xenophobia 103, 817, 822, 850,
922
, 945

Xenophon 132

Yalta Conference (1945) 1036, 1042, 1044, 1061,

1110

Yeltsin, Boris 1125, 1126

Yezhov, N. I. 964

Young Plan (1929) 943

Yugoslavia
1319

ancient history
186

Četniks 1010, 1032, 1033

Civil War 1124

disintegration (1941) 1010

disintegration (1990) 1124

inter-war 979

Partisans 1010, 1033, 1039

post-1945 1100

Ustashi 1010

(see also
Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia)

Zacharias, Pope 284, 286
Zadruga
390

Zeus
263

Statue of, at Olympus 263

Zhukov, Georgi, Marshal 998, 1031, 1042, 1045

Zionism 822, 828, 845, 846, 847, 978

Zoe, Byzantine Empress 318

Zosimus, Metropolitan of Moscow 462, 466

Zweig, Stefan 893–4

Zwingli, Huldiych 488, 490, 492

1. Europa’s Ride

(For Notes on Illustrations
see pp. 1205–12)

2. Gatherers and Hunters

3. Minoan Fisherman

4. Prince of Knossos

5. Symposion—A Banquet

6. Etruscheria

7. Arcadian Idyll