Escape From Davao (70 page)

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Taylor, Lawrence.
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NEWSPAPERS AND NEWS AGENCIES

Abilene
(Texas)
Reporter-News

Marine Corps Gazette

Albany
(Texas)
News

New York Herald Tribune

Associated Press

New York Times

Brainerd
(Minnesota)
Daily Dispatch Philippines
(Salinas, CA)
Mail
Chicago Tribune

San Diego Union-Tribune

Dallas Morning News Fort Worth

San Francisco Chronicle

Star-Telegram

Spokane Spokesman-Review

Honolulu Star-Bulletin

Stars and Stripes

Indianapolis Times

(Nashvil e)
Tennessean

Los Angeles Herald-Express

United Press International

MAGAZINES, JOURNALS, OFFICIAL

AND SEMI-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS

American

Leatherneck

American Heritage Life

Bataan

Naval History

Collier’s

Newsweek

Editor & Publisher New York Times Magazine

Esquire

The Quan

Fortune

Saturday Evening Post

The Grassburr

The Shipmate

Harper’s

Texas Monthly

The Howitzer

Time

Infantry Journal

World War II

J-Jac

WEB SITES

The American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor: http://www.west-point.org/family/adbc/

The American Guerril as of Mindanao: http://www.theagom.org/

The

Battling

Bastards

of

Bataan:

http://home.pacbel .net/fbaldie/Battling_Bastards_of_Bataan.html Center for Research, Al ied POWs of the Japanese: http://www.mansel .com/

Corregidor.org: www.corregidor.org

Duke University Library, Special Col ections: http://library.duke.edu/digitalcol ections/

MacArthur Memorial: http://www.macarthurmemorial.org

Fourth Marines Band: http://www.lastchinaband.com

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library: http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/

University

of

Houston,

Special

Col ections

Library:

http://info.lib.uh.edu/sca/digital/cruiser/onboard.htm

PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVAL SOURCES

Australian War Memorial National Archives and Records

Bert Bank

Administration

Clyde Childress

Evelina Noroña-Togle

Lois Dobervich

Peter Parsons

Dyess Air Force Base

Jeanne Peterson

Grashio family

Kyle Richards

Jack Hawkins

Stewart Shofner

Thelma Kost

Winsor Soule

Leatherneck

Spielman family

MacArthur Memorial

Submarine Force Museum

Marshal family

Index

Page numbers in
italics
refer to maps.

A-24 dive bombers, 11

ABCD (America, Britain, China, Dutch East Indies) powers, 16

Abes-san, 144

Abrina, Candido “Pop,” 133–35, 146, 160, 189, 196–97, 349

escape plans and, 148–49, 159, 174, 179, 187

food pilfering facilitated by, 139–40, 146

Abucay,
60,
71

Acenas, Juan, 135, 140, 150, 349

escape plans and, 159–60, 174, 192, 209

Agloloma Bay, 43

Agusan,
296

Agusan Province, 226, 232, 234, 242

Agusan River, 235

AIB (Al ied Intel igence Bureau), 258, 264, 274

Air Warning Service, 12

Alabama, University of, 81, 349

Albany, Tex., 2, 3, 12, 13, 305

Dyess’s speech at, 293–96

Albany News
(Texas), 3

Ambon, 149

American,
332, 333

American Bataan Club, 283, 309, 325

American Caesar
(Manchester), 371
n

American Newspaper Editors Association, 301

Amparo,
184,
234, 235–36

Anakan Lumber Company, 243, 253, 254

Anibogan, 127, 160, 192

Antonio, Lieutenant, 234–35

Arcadia Conference, 32, 284

Army, U.S.:

7th Infantry Division, 330

atrocity stories and, 314, 315–16, 319

Pacific theater strength of, 283–84

Philippines department of, 9, 10

Army Air Corps, U.S., 51

Army Air Forces, U.S. (AAF), 7, 11, 13

Fourth Air Force, 294

4th Fighter Command, 306

Eighth Air Force, 302

479th Fighter Group, 302

see also
Far East Air Force, U.S.

Army Forces, Far East, U.S. (USAFFE), 8–9, 10–12, 21, 138

II Corps, 35

31st Infantry Regiment, 10, 34–35

26th Cavalry, 35

Filipino troops in, 10, 23, 29, 34, 35, 36

food shortages of, 28–29, 33, 35

inadequate troop strength and matériel of, 10–12, 29

promised reinforcement of, 11, 24, 31–33, 34, 37–38

Red Net telephone circuit of, 38

in retreat to Bataan, 23, 27–28, 34

tropical diseases afflicting, 36

see also
Southwest Pacific Area; United States Forces in the Philippines Army of Northern Virginia, 56

Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 3, 16, 293, 300–301, 338, 367
n

Ashford General Hospital, 277–80, 288, 293

Associated Press, 278, 322, 327

Ata tribe, 230, 232, 233–35

Athena,
241, 243, 247–48

atomic bomb, 331

atrocity stories:

Army-Navy statement on, 315, 317, 319

of Dyess, 279–81, 285–86, 288, 291–92, 300–301, 307, 308–9, 312, 314–16, 320, 322–23, 329, 334, 341

and fear of Japanese reprisals against POWs, 280, 301

Fourth War Loan Drive and, 324–26

as fulfil ment of escapees’ goal, 337

government suppression of, 278, 280–85, 288, 291–92, 300–301, 307, 308–17, 326–27, 400
n
impact on Pacific war of, 329–31, 333–34

from Japanese-occupied China, 285

Japanese response to, 322–23

of McCoy and Mel nik, 315–16, 320, 323, 341

as propaganda for countering homefront complacency, 310, 324, 332, 400
n
public reaction to, 319–23, 331–33

treatment of POWs after publication of, 334–36

Aurora, 261

Australia, 30, 33, 35, 109, 179, 238, 250, 292

MacArthur evacuated to, 53–54, 84, 241

MacArthur’s headquarters in,
see
Southwest Pacific Area, GHQ (Brisbane) B-17 bombers, 11, 12, 31, 365
n

Japanese destruction of, 19, 20

B-24 bombers, 11

Baguilod, Aquilino, 218, 230, 236, 238, 243

Baguio, 16

Balanga,
60,
70, 75

Baldwin, Hanson W., 328, 334

Balingasag,
184,
248

Balingbing, 348

Bal , Robert, 257

Balongating, 269

Bank, Bert:

background of, 81

on Bataan Death March, 82

blindness of, 132, 187

at Cabanatuan, 97, 102, 109

at Camp O’Donnel , 80–81, 82

at Davao, 132, 160, 186–87, 195–98, 221, 223–24, 293

liberation of, 339

postwar career of, 349

sense of humor of, 81–82, 223

Bank, Emma Minkowitz, 349

Barnick, Roland, 51, 57

Baroy,
184,
317

Bataan, Battle of, 31, 34–45, 46–58, 122, 331

food shortages in, 28–29, 33, 35, 295, 370
n,
373
n

U.S. surrender in, 52–58, 244, 261, 278, 282

Bataan, Mount, 27

Bataan Death March, xiii,
6,
61–73, 75, 82, 91–92, 95, 96, 122, 186, 275, 306, 320, 331, 332, 338, 351, 353

casualty estimates for, 73

clean-up (buzzard) squads on, 64

Filipino civilians and, 66, 67

Filipino POWs on, 64

Homma’s good intentions for, 68–69

sick and wounded POWs on, 64–65

starvation in, 65

Bataan Field, 38, 40, 41, 42, 51

Bataan Peninsula, 2,
60

civilian refugees on, 35

FEAF evacuated from, 51–52

USAFFE retreat to, 23, 27–28, 34, 309

War Plan Orange and, 10

Bataan Relief Organization, 283, 309, 327, 337

Baxter, Tom, 236, 237

Bay of Pigs, 348

beheadings, 61–62, 64, 69, 70, 78, 92, 103, 108, 186, 291, 330

Beldua, Onofre, 219

beriberi, 78, 79, 131, 132, 245

Biggs, Lloyd, 106–8

Bilibid Prison, 110, 122, 343

Binucayan,
184,
234

Bissel , Clayton, 315–16, 326–27

Bissel , Richard, 348

black market, 35, 103, 105

blackwater fever, 297

Bloom, Sol, 321

Blum, John Morton, 324–25

Boelens, Leo, 49–50, 52, 57–58, 288–90, 309

background of, 50–51

at Davao, 122, 145, 152, 161, 166, 171, 178–80

death of, 317–18

in escape planning, 152, 161, 166, 171, 178–80

Lanao airfield project of, 289, 297, 317–18

reburial of, 348–49

Boelens, Leo, in escape from Davao:

Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 198–200, 202

first day, 187, 191, 193

Kapungagan to Medina, 231–32, 235

in Medina, 251–52

in Misamis, 256–57, 258–59, 261, 263–64

Bohol Island, 260

Bonifacio,
184,
261

Borneo, 88, 149