Empires of the Sea - the Final Battle for the Mediterranean 1521-1580 (40 page)

Read Empires of the Sea - the Final Battle for the Mediterranean 1521-1580 Online

Authors: Roger Crowley

Tags: #Military History, #Retail, #European History, #Eurasian History, #Maritime History

BOOK: Empires of the Sea - the Final Battle for the Mediterranean 1521-1580
7.82Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

“I have no doubt”
ibid., p. 1009

“A very fair stronghold”
Hill, p. 857

“as long as there was a drachm of food”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 999

“to find and immediately attack”
Inalcik, pp. 187–9

“as a sign of joy and gladness”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1015

“with lively and loving words”
ibid.

“as the League is now”
Parker (1979), p. 110

“It will look very fine on paper”
Braudel, vol. 2, p. 1092

“Long live St Mark”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1013

“I shall make you walk”
Morris, p. 110

“The wine is finished”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1032

“I, Mustapha Pasha”
ibid.

CHAPTER
18:
CHRIST’S GENERAL

 

“I see that, where naval warfare is concerned”
Parker (1998), p. 72

“The domination of the Turk must extend as far as Rome” Lesure, p. 61

“You must keep yourself”
Bicheno, p. 156

“With due humility and respect”
Petrie, p. 135

“He is a prince so desirous”
Bicheno, p. 208

“brave and generous”
Peçevi, pp. 310–1

“coming from and growing up”
ibid., p. 311

“The original sin of our court”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1021

“Everybody was surprised and delighted”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 356

“Today at 23 hours”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1024

“Take, fortunate prince”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 359

“You must know that by the commission”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1034

“having discharged our debt”
ibid.

“Up to that hour”
ibid., p. 1038

“Since the Divine Majesty has determined”
ibid., p. 1039

“You shan’t have a noble”
Peçevi, p. 346

“Those Muslim captives…broken the treaty”
Gazioglu, p. 65

“Do I not know…in my army”
Hill, p. 1029

“Tie them all up!” Setton, vol. 4, p. 1040

“Behold the head”
ibid., p. 1030

“I am a Christian”
ibid., p. 1042

“Look if you can see your fleet”
ibid., p. 1032

CHAPTER
19:
SNAKES TO A CHARM

 

“Thank God that we are all here”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 377

“Your Excellency should always try”
Colección de Documentos Inéditos,
p. 275

“If I were in charge”
ibid., p. 8

“For the love of God…to destroy it”
Bicheno, p. 211

“You should be warned”
Colección de Documentos Inéditos,
pp. 13–14

“In reality it’s not possible”
ibid., p. 25

“but rather have the enemy”
Bicheno, p. 215

“Not everyone willingly agrees to fight”
Capponi, p. 239

“like snakes drawn by the power of a charm”
ibid., p. 224

“Although their fleet is superior”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 385

“he fasts three times a week”
Bicheno, p. 224

“If the [enemy] fleet appears”
Lesure, p. 80

“Now I order that”
Inalcik, pp. 188–9

“In the embarkation of these men”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 235

“By the Blood of Christ”
Thubron, p. 137

“a man pessimistic by nature”
Peçevi, p. 350

“The shortage of men is a reality”
ibid.

“What does it matter if…my life”
ibid.

“God showed us a sky and a sea”
Capponi, p. 247

CHAPTER
20:
“LET’S FIGHT”

 

“like a forest”
Capponi, p. 254

“We felt great joy”
Lesure, p. 120

“Sir, I say that”
Brantome, p. 125

“Gentlemen, this is not the time”
Capponi, p. 255

“if this happens”
Colección de Documentos Inéditos,
p. 9

“One could never get”
Lesure, p. 123

“lived in virtuous and Christian fashion…what we can”
Beeching, p. 197

“Victory and long live Jesus Christ!”
Lesure, p. 127

“My children, we are here to conquer”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 407

“with pork flesh still stuck”
Capponi, p. 258

“Friends, I expect you today”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 410

“Blessed be the bread”
Capponi, p. 258

“like drowned hens”
Thubron, p. 145

“inspired with youthful ardor”
Lesure, p. 129

“Hurtling towards each other”
Caetani, p. 202

“It was so terrible that”
ibid., p. 134

“God allow us”
Capponi, p. 266

“and already the sea”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1056

CHAPTER
21:
SEA OF FIRE

 

“Shuluch and Kara Ali”
Thubron, p. 46

“In this vast confusion”
ibid., p. 150

“It was an appalling massacre”
ibid.

“In war the death”
Bosio, vol. 3, p. 499

“and all our shots”
Caetani, p. 134

“So great was the roaring of the cannon”
ibid.

“a mortal storm of arquebus shots”
Capponi, p. 273

“a great number of them”
Caetani, p. 207

“Giambattista Contusio felled Kara Hodja”
ibid., p. 135

“There was a high number”
Scetti, p. 121

“Don’t shoot. We’re also Christians!” Capponi, p. 279

“What shall we go for next”
Brântome, p. 126

“My galley, with cannon”
Lesure, p. 136

“On the
Real

ibid., p. 135

“an enormous quantity of large turbans”
ibid.

“could make his galley do”
ibid., p. 138

“delivered an immense carnage”
ibid.

“Each of you do as much”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 422

“out of disdain and ridicule”
Thubron, pp. 156–7

“The greater fury of the battle”
Bicheno, pp. 255–6

“the soldiers, sailors and convicts”
Thubron, p. 157

“What has happened was so strange”
Caetani, p. 212

“because of the countless corpses…nobody would help them”
Scetti, p. 122

“I saw the wretched place”
Peçevi, pp. 351–2

“The greatest event witnessed”
Cervantes, p. 76

CHAPTER
22:
OTHER OCEANS

 

“God be with you”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 443

“Now, Lord”
Pastor, vol. 18, p. 298

“He didn’t show any excitement”
Colección de Documentos Inéditos,
p. 258

“the general enemy Ottoman”
Othello
, Act I, Scene 3, line 50

“You may be assured”
Petrie, p. 192

“Conqueror of Provinces”
Bicheno, p. 270

“secretly, in the manner”
Lesure, p. 151

“It can now be said”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1068

“Why is he crying…yet I shed no tears”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 428

“The enemy’s loss has been”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1069

“A battle may be won or lost”
Inalcik, p. 190

“The will of God”
Lesure, p. 182

“But it may happen”
Hess (1972), p. 62

“had not commanded”
Yildirim, p. 534

“Pasha, the wealth and power”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1075

“In wrestling Cyprus”
Stirling-Maxwell, p. 469

“a slight ironical twist of his lips”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1093

“Your ambassador”
Hess (1972), p. 64

“That day…was so happy”
Cervantes, p. 138

“Having seen…an armada”
Setton, vol. 4, p. 1091

“as light as the leaves”
Braudel, vol. 2, p. 1195

“It is indeed a strange fact”
Soucek (1996), p. 102

EPILOGUE: TRACES

 

“Here lies La Valette”
Bradford (1972), p. 173

“the most serene señor”
Balbi (1961), p. 7

“It is believed that the death of”
ibid., p. 5

“I spend my time”
Bicheno, p. 260

Bibliography

 

Achard, Paul,
La Vie Extraordinaire des Frères Barberousse
, Paris, 1939

Anderson, R. C.,
Naval Wars in the Levant, 1559–1853
, Liverpool, 1952

Attard, Joseph,
The Knights of Malta
, Malta, 1992

Babinger, Franz,
Mehmet the Conqueror and His Time,
Princeton, 1978

Balbi di Correggio, Francisco,
The Siege of Malta, 1565,
trans. Ernle Bradford, London, 2003

Balbi di Correggio, Francisco,
The Siege of Malta, 1565,
trans. Henry Alexander Balbi, Copenhagen, 1961

Barkan, Omer Lutfi, “L’Empire Ottoman face au monde chrétien au lendemain de Lépante” in Benzoni

Beeching, Jack,
The Galleys at Lepanto
, London, 1982

Belachemi, Jean-Louis,
Nous les Frères Barberousse, corsaires et rois d’Alger
, Paris, 1984

Benzoni, Gino,
Il Mediterraneo nella seconda metà del ’500 alla luce di Lepanto
, Florence, 1974

Bicheno, Hugh,
Crescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571,
London, 2004

Bonello, G., “An Overlooked Eyewitness’s Account of the Great Siege” in
Melitensium Amor, Festschrift in Honour of Dun Gwann Azzopardi,
ed. T. Cortis, T. Freller, and L. Bugeja, pp. 133–48, Malta, 2002

Bosio, G.,
Dell’istoria della sacra religione et illustrissimia militia di San Giovanni Gierosolimitano
, vols. 2 and 3, Rome, 1594–1602

Bostan, Idris,
Kürekli ve Yelkenli Osmanh Gemileri
, Istanbul, 2005

Bourbon, J. de, “A brief relation of the siege and taking of the city of Rhodes” in
The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
by Richard Hakluyt, vol. 5, Glasgow, 1904

Bradford, Ernle,
The Great Siege: Malta 1565
, London, 1999

Bradford, Ernle,
Mediterranean: Portrait of a Sea,
London, 1970

Bradford, Ernle,
The Shield and the Sword: The Knights of St. John,
London 1972

Bradford, Ernle,
The Sultan’s Admiral: The Life of Barbarossa
, London, 1969

Brandi, Karl,
The Emperor Charles V
, London, 1949

Brântome, P. de Bourdeille, Seigneur de,
Oeuvres complètes
, ed. L. Lalanne, vol. 3, Paris, 1864

Braudel, Fernand, “Bilan d’une bataille,” in Benzoni

Braudel, Fernand,
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
, trans. Siân Reynolds, 2 vols., Berkeley, 1995

Bridge, Antony,
Suleiman the Magnificent, Scourge of Heaven
, London, 1983

Brockman, Eric,
The Two Sieges of Rhodes, 1480–1522
, London, 1969

Brummett, Palmira,
Ottoman Seapower and Levantine Diplomacy in the Age of Discovery,
Albany, 1994

Büyüktugrul, Afif, “Preveze Deniz Muharebesine iliçkin gerçekler”
Beleten
, vol. 37, 1973

Caccin, P., and Angelo M.,
Basilica of Saints John and Paul,
Venice, 2004

Caetani, O., and Diedo, G.,
La Battaglia di Lepanto
,
1571,
Palermo, 1995

Caoursin, Will, and Afendy, Rhodgia,
The History of the Turkish War with the Rhodians, Venetians, Egyptians, Persians and Other Nations,
London, 1683

Capponi, Niccolò,
Victory of the West: The Story of the Battle of Lepanto,
London, 2006

Cassar, George, ed.
The Great Siege 1565,
Malta, 2005

Cassola, A.,
The 1565 Ottoman Malta Campaign Register
, Malta, 1988

Cassola, A.,
The Great Siege of Malta (1565) and the Istanbul State Archives,
Malta, 1995

Cervantes, Miguel de,
El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha,
Glasgow, 1871

Cirni, A. F.,
Commentari d’Anton Francesco Cirni, Corso, ne quale se descrive la Guerra ultima di Francia, la celebratione del Concilio Tridentino, il Soccorso d’Orano, l’Impresa del Pignone, e l’Historia dell’ Assedio di Malta,
Rome, 1567

Clot, André,
Suleiman the Magnificent
, trans. Matthew J. Reisz, London, 2005

Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España
, vol. 3, Madrid, 1843

Crowley, Roger,
1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West
, New York, 2005

Dani
mend, I. H.,
Izahl1 Osmanh tarihi kronolojisi,
vol. 2, Istanbul, 1948

Davis, R. C.,
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800
, London, 2003

Deny, Jean, and Laroche, Jane, “L’expédition en Provence de l’armée de Mer du Sultan Suleyman sous le Commandement de l’admiral Hayreddin Pacha, dit Barberousse (1543–1544)”
Turcica,
vol. 1, Paris, 1969

Elliot, J. H.,
Imperial Spain 1469–1716,
London, 1990

Encyclopaedia of Islam
, 11 vols., Leiden, 1960

Excerpta Cypria: Materials for a History of Cyprus
, trans. Claude Delaval Cobham, Cambridge, 1908

Fernandez Duro, Cesareo,
Armada Española desde la Union de los Reinos de Castilla y de Aragon,
vol. 2, Madrid, 1896

Finkel, Caroline,
Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923
, London, 2005

Finlay, Robert, “Prophecy and Politics in Istanbul: Charles V, Sultan Süleyman, and the Habsburg Embassy of 1533–1534”
The Journal of Early Modern History,
1998, vol. 2

Fisher, Alan, “The Life and Family of Süleyman I” in
Süleyman the Second and His Time,
ed. Halil Inalcik and Cemal Kafadar, Istanbul, 1993

Fisher, Sir Godfrey,
Barbary Legend: War, Trade, and Piracy in North Africa, 1415–1830
, Oxford, 1957

Fontanus, J.,
De Bello Rhodio
, Rome, 1524

Friedman, Ellen G.,
Spanish Captives in North Africa in the Early Modern Age
, London, 1983

Galea, J., “The Great Siege of Malta from a Turkish Point of View”
Melita Historica
IV, Malta, 1965

Gazioglu, Ahmet C.,
The Turks in Cyprus: A Province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878),
London, 1990

Gentil de Vendosme, P.,
Le Siège de Malte par les Turcs en 1565
, Paris, 1910

Ghiselin de Busbecq, Ogier,
The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq: Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople
, trans. Edward Seymour Forster, Oxford, 1927

Glete, Jan,
Warfare at Sea 1500–1650
, London, 2000

Goffman, Daniel,
The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe,
Cambridge, 2002

Grove, A. T., and Rackham, Oliver,
The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History
, London, 2001

Guglielmotti, P. Alberto,
Storia della Marina Pontificia
, vol. 5, Rome, 1887

Guilmartin, John Francis,
Galleons and Galleys,
London, 2002

Guilmartin, John Francis,
Gunpowder and Galleys: Changing Technology and Mediterranean Warfare at Sea in the Sixteenth Century,
Cambridge, 1974

Guilmartin, John, “The Tactics of the Battle of Lepanto Clarified” at
www.angelfire.com/ga4/guilmartin.com

Güleryüz, Ahmet,
Kadýrgadan Kalyona Osmanhda Yelken
, Istanbul, 2004

Haëdo, Diego de,
Histoire des Rois d’Alger,
trans. H. de Grammont, Saint-Denis, 1998

Haji Khalifeh,
The History of the Maritime Wars of the Turks,
trans. James Mitchell, London, 1831

Hammer-Purgstall, J.,
Histoire de L’Empire Ottoman,
vols. 4–6, Paris, 1836

Heers, Jacques,
The Barbary Corsairs: Warfare in the Mediterranean, 1480–1580
, London, 2003

Hess, Andrew, “The Battle of Lepanto and Its Place in Mediterranean History”
Past and Present
57, Oxford, 1972

Hess, Andrew, “The Evolution of the Ottoman Seaborne Empire in the Age of Oceanic Discoveries, 1453–1525”
American Historical Review
75, no. 7 (December 1970)

Hess, Andrew,
The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth Century Ibero-African Frontier,
Chicago, 1978

Hess, Andrew, “The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt (1517) and the Beginning of the Sixteenth-Century World War”
International Journal of Middle East Studies 4
(1973)

Hill, Sir George,
A History of Cyprus, volume III: The Frankish period, 1432–1571,
Cambridge, 1972

Housley, Norman,
The Later Crusades 1274–1571
, Oxford, 1992

Imber, Colin, “The Navy of Süleyman the Magnificent” in
Archivum Ottomanicum, VI
(1980)

Imber, Colin,
The Ottoman Empire: The Structure of Power,
Basingstoke, 2002

Inalcik, Halil, “Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents” in Benzoni

Inalcik, Halil,
The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300–1600
, London, 1973

Inalc1k, Halil, and Camal Kafadar,
Süleymân the Second and His Time,
Istanbul, 1993

Islam Ansiklopedisi
, 28 vols., Istanbul, 1988

Jurien de La Gravière, Jean Pierre,
Doria et Barberousse
, Paris, 1886

Jurien de La Gravière, Jean Pierre,
La Guerre de Chypre et la Bataille de Lépante,
2 vols., Paris, 1888

Jurien de La Gravière, Jean Pierre,
Les Chevaliers de Malte et la Marine de Philippe II,
2 vols., Paris, 1887

Kamen, Henry,
Philip of Spain
, London, 1997

Kâtip Çelebi,
The History of the Maritime Wars of the Turks
, trans. J. Mitchell, London, 1831

Kunt, Metin, and Christine Woodhead, eds.,
Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age,
Harlow, 1995

Lane, Frederic C.,
Venice: A Maritime Republic,
Baltimore, 1973

Other books

Mr g by Alan Lightman
The Mind Pool by Charles Sheffield
No Friend of Mine by Ann Turnbull
Taken at Dusk by Hunter, C. C.
Scarlet Feather by Binchy, Maeve
Soldier for the Empire by William C Dietz
The Second Deadly Sin by Larsson, Åsa
The Sea Break by Antony Trew