Dreamers of a New Day (45 page)

67
  Garland Smith, ‘The Unpardonable Sin’, in ed. Elaine Showalter,
These Modern Women: Autobiographical Essays from the Twenties
, The Feminist Press, New York, 1978, p. 120.

68
  Ruth Pickering, ‘A Deflated Rebel’, in ibid., p. 62.

69
  Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, quoted in ibid., p. 4.

70
  Beatrice M. Hinkle, ‘Why Feminism?’, in ibid., p. 141.

71
  Crystal Eastman, ‘Now We Can Begin’, 1920, in ed. Cook,
Crystal Eastman
, pp. 53–4.

72
  Suzanne La Follette,
Concerning Women
, Arno Press, New York, 1972, p. 303.

73
  Emma Goldman to Hutchins Hapgood, 26 October 1927, quoted in Candace Falk,
Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman: A Biography
, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1984, p. 7.

74
  Emma Goldman to Alexander Berkman, December 1927, quoted in ibid., p. 10.

3 The Problem of Sex

1
  Lillian Harman, ‘The Gospel of Self-Respect’,
Lucifer
, Vol. I, No. 16, 21 April 1897, p. 125.

2
  Sarah Holmes (‘Zelm’), ‘Love and Ideas, Ideals about Love’,
Liberty
, Vol. 5, No. 26, Issue 130, 21 July 1888, p. 7.

3
  Sears,
The Sex Radicals
, pp. 252–3.

4
  Lillian Harman,
Some Problems of Social Freedom
, (pamphlet), The Adult, London, 1898, p. 4.

5
  Holmes, ‘Love and Ideas’, p. 7.

6
  Elmina Slenker, quoted in Blatt,
Free Love and Anarchism
, p. 153.

7
  Elmina Slenker, ‘Dianaism’,
Lucifer
, Vol. I, No. 15, 14 April 1897, p. 117.

8
  Ibid.

9
  Alice B. Stockham,
Karezza
(1896), quoted in Angus McLaren,
Birth Control in Nineteenth-Century England
, Holmes and Meier, New York, 1978, p. 204.

10
  Dora Forster,
The Adult
, October 1897, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 172.

11
  Amy Linnett, ‘Continence and Contraception’,
Lucifer
, Vol. I, No. 18, 15 May 1897, p. 39.

12
  Elizabeth Johnson, Letter,
Lucifer
, Vol. I, No. 42, 20 October 1897, p. 335.

13
  Rosa Graul,
Hilda’s Home
(1897), quoted in Kessler,
Daring to Dream
, p. 203.

14
  Ibid.

15
  Harman,
Some Problems of Social Freedom
, p. 8.

16
  Lillie White,
Lucifer
, 19 June 1891, quoted in Sears,
The Sex Radicals
, p. 247.

17
  Sarah Holmes (‘Zelm’), ‘The Problem which the Child Presents’,
Liberty
, Vol. 6, No. 2, Issue 132, 1 September 1888, p. 7.

18
  Graul,
Hilda’s Home
, quoted in Kessler,
Daring to Dream
, p. 203.

19
  Kate Austin, ‘A Woman’s View of It’,
Firebrand
, 25 April 1897, quoted in Jessica Moran, ‘The Story of Kate Austin: Anarchist Revolutionary Writer’, unpublished paper 1999, in Emma Goldman Papers, Berkeley, California.

20
  Blaine McKinley, ‘Free Love and Domesticity: Lizzie M. Holmes,
Hagar Lyndon
(1893), and the Anarchist-Feminist Imagination’,
Journal of American Culture
, Vol. 13, No. 1, Spring 1990, p. 60.

21
  Edith Vance, 25 February 1895, quoted in ed. Oswald Dawson,
The Bar Sinister and Illicit Love: The First Biennial Proceedings of the Legitimation League
, W. Reeve, London, 1895, pp. 228–9.

22
  Shaw,
Whiteway
, p. 129.

23
  Voltairine de Cleyre, ‘Those Who Marry Do Ill’,
Mother Earth
, Vol. II, No. 11, January 1908, in ed. Peter Glassgold,
Anarchy! An Anthology of Mother Earth
, Counterpoint, Washington, DC, 2001, p. 106.

24
  Mona Caird, ‘Marriage’,
Westminster Review
, Vol. 130, August 1888, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 129.

25
  Mona Caird, ‘Phases of Human Development’, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 129.

26
  Caird, ‘Marriage’, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 129.

27
  Margaret McMillan to John Bruce Glaiser, 2 February 1893, quoted in Steedman,
Childhood, Culture and Class in Britain
, p. 123.

28
  Meridel LeSueur, ‘A Remembrance’, in Emma Goldman,
Living My Life: An Autobiography
, A Peregrine Smith Book, Gibbs M. Smith, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1982, p. v.

29
  See Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, pp. 95–111.

30
  See David J. Pivar,
Purity Crusade: Sexual Morality and Social Control
, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 1973, pp. 186, 204, 228–37.

31
  Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 115.

32
  Pivar,
Purity Crusade
, pp. 261–73.

33
  Hamilton,
Exploring the Dangerous Trades
, pp. 92–3.

34
  Maimie Pinzer, Letter 27, in eds Ruth Rosen and Sue Davidson,
The Maimie Papers
, The Feminist Press, New York, 1977, p. 81.

35
  Quoted in Mary Ritter Beard,
Woman’s Work in Municipalities
(1915), Arno Press, New York, 1972, p. 148.

36
  Dr. Rosalie Morton, quoted in ibid., p. 129.

37
  The Women’s Municipal League of Boston, quoted in ibid., p. 125.

38
  Angela Heywood,
The Word
, April 1887, quoted in Blatt,
Free Love and Anarchism
, p. 161.

39
  Ezra Heywood,
The Word
, July 1884, quoted in ibid.

40
  ‘Ess Tee’, ‘Wanted: A New Dictionary’,
The Adult
, November 1897, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 273.

41
  Maria Sharpe, ‘Conclusion’, 5 July 1889, quoted in ibid., pp. 25–6.

42
  Lizzie Holmes, Letter,
Lucifer
, 28 August 1891, quoted in Sears,
The Sex Radicals
, p. 269.

43
  Dora Marsden,
Freewoman
, 16 May 1912, quoted in Bland,
Banishing the Beast
, p. 273.

44
  Dora Marsden,
Freewoman
, 23 November 1911, pp.1–2.

45
  Mabel Dodge Luhan, ‘Magnetism’, 1912, quoted in Rudnick,
Mabel Dodge Luhan
, p. 65.

46
  Olive Schreiner to Havelock Ellis, 7 August 1912, in ed. S. C. Cronwright-Schreiner,
The Letters of Olive Schreiner,
1876–1920, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1924, p. 312.

47
  Kathlyn Oliver, ‘Asceticism and Power’,
Freewoman
, 15 February 1912, p. 252.

48
  New Subscriber,
Freewoman
, 22 February 1912, p. 270; Kathlyn Oliver,
Freewoman
, 29 February 1912, p. 290; New Subscriber,
Freewoman
, 7 March 1912, p. 313; Kathlyn Oliver,
Freewoman
, 14 March 1912, p. 331.

49
  Edith Ellis to Edward Carpenter, 5 December 1905, Mss 358/7. Carpenter Collection, Sheffield Archives.

50
  F. W. Stella Browne, ‘The Sexual Variety and Variability among Women and their Bearing upon Social Reconstruction’, 1915, in Rowbotham,
A New World for Women
, p. 104.

51
  Ibid., pp. 103–4.

52
  Elsie Clews Parsons, ‘Wives and Birth Control’, 1916, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 159. On the roots of this new sense of self see ibid., p. 125.

53
  Stansell,
American Moderns
, p. 307.

54
  Neith Boyce to Hutchins Hapgood, 13 April 1899, quoted in Stansell,
American Moderns
, p. 261.

55
  Neith Boyce to Hutchins Hapgood, December 1905, quoted in ibid., p. 285.

56
  See eds Candace Falk, Barry Pateman, Jessica Moran,
Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years, Vol. I: Made for America,
1890–1901, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003, pp. 13–14.

57
  Emma Goldman to Ben Reitman, no date, quoted in Candace Falk,
Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman: A Biography,
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1984, pp. 79-80.

58
  Stansell,
American Moderns
, p. 295.

59
  Almeda Sperry to Emma Goldman, no date, 1912, quoted in Falk,
Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman
, p. 173.

60
  LeSueur, ‘A Remembrance’, in Goldman,
Living My Life,
p. xv.

61
  Janice R. MacKinnon and Stephen R. MacKinnon,
Agnes Smedley: The Life and Times of an American Radical
, Virago, London, 1988, p. 34.

62
  Margaret Llewelyn Davies, draft foreword to Catherine Webb,
The Woman with the Basket
, quoted in Gill Scott, ‘“Working Out Their Own Salvation”: Women’s Autonomy and Divorce Law Reform in the Co-operative Movement, 1910–1920’, in ed. Yeo,
New Views of Co-operation
, p. 131.

63
  Gawthorpe,
Up Hill to Holloway
, p. 151.

64
  Ed. Tierl Thompson,
Dear Girl: The Diaries and Letters of Two Working Women
1897–1917, The Women’s Press, London, 1987, pp. 154–5.

65
  Ibid., p. 15.

66
  Ada Nield Chew, quoted in Chew,
Ada Nield Chew
, p. 61.

67
  Mary Archibald,
Seattle Union Record
, 29 April 1918, quoted in Greenwald, ‘Working-Class Feminism and the Family Wage Ideal’,
Journal of American History,
Vol. 76, No 1, June 1989, p. 136.

68
  Rose Schneiderman to Pauline Newman, 11 August 1917, quoted in Orleck,
Common Sense and a Little Fire
, p. 137.

69
  Elsie Clews Parsons, ‘Changes in Sex Relations’, in ed. Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality
, p. 37.

70
  Margaret Leech, quoted in Marion Meade,
Dorothy Parker: What Fresh Hell Is This?
, Heinemann, London, 1988, p. 76.

71
  Ann Douglas,
Terrible Honesty
:
Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s
, The Noonday Press, Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, New York, 1995, p. 47.

72
  Carby,
Reconstructing Womanhood
, pp. 173–4.

73
  Mrs Bertrand Russell,
Hypatia or Women and Knowledge
, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, 1925, pp. 42–3.

74
  Vera Brittain,
Halcyon or the Future of Monogamy
, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, 1929, p. 17.

75
  Mary Ware Dennett, quoted in Brittain,
Halcyon
, p. 24.

76
  Sheila Rowbotham, Interview with Dora Russell, Mss Notes, 1974.

77
  Leonora Eyles,
The Woman in the Little House
, Grant Richards, London, 1922, p. 129.

78
  Ibid., pp. 133–4.

79
  Ibid., p. 136.

80
  Annie Williams, in eds McCrindle and Rowbotham,
Dutiful Daughters
, pp. 39–40.

81
  Martha, ‘Problems of Real Life’,
Lansbury’s Labour Weekly
, 3 October 1925, p. 2.

82
  Leonora Eyles, ‘And the Poor Get’,
Lansbury’s Labour Weekly
, 23 May 1925, p. 14.

83
  Leonora Eyles, ‘The Husband’,
Lansbury’s Labour Weekly
, 21 March 1925, p. 14.

84
  Leonora Eyles, ‘Doing Wrong’,
Lansbury’s Labour Weekly
, 5 September 1925, p. 17.

85
  Andrea Weiss,
Paris Was a Woman: Portraits from the Left Bank
, Pandora, London, 1995, p. 21.

86
  Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, pp. 184–85.