Dr. Frank Einstein (26 page)

      
"Hey look!" Jesus exclaimed, looking at an advertisement. “It’s a Benny Hinn Healing Meeting. I’ve got something to say to that.  Hurry! It’s already started!”

      
We sat in the Healing Meeting until Hinn called for all of the people to get healed.  They came on down the aisle waving their hands up to Jesus—wrong direction!

      
At that moment, Jesus hopped right on stage and faced Hinn.

      
"I am Jesus Christ and you are a fake!" Jesus’s voice came out as if there was a sixty decimal speaker. Yet he had no mic. "You’ve use me to cheat people out of their money. As I've told you all over and over, you who are rich have already received your reward. So you’re not getting Heaven’s reward. I said that in Luke. In fact I said it on two separate occasions as well as saying many times similar things.        

     
“I don’t like rich people!

    
  “If you obey My teachings you could heal people.  But you don't obey. So you’ve never healed anyone. Yet you could have done like this"

      
He turned to the crowd in wheelchairs and raised he his hands as to embrace them. All the people got up from their wheelchairs.

      
"Wow" said one of Hinn's' handlers, “that's never happened before!”

      
"I want to explain something to you,” Jesus announced to me as we left the theatre, “can we find a diner.  So we found a diner.   We got a table.   We sat at a table. A waitress took our orders. Jesus took out a legal pad.

      
“A closed string looks like a small loop, “Jesus started teaching me.  He drew on his pad, “so its world sheet will look like a pipe or, in more general terms, a Riemann surface (a two-dimensional oriented manifold) with no boundaries (i.e., no edge). An open string looks like a short line, so its world sheet will look like a strip or, in more general terms, a Riemann surface with a boundary.”

        “Wait! Are you talking about Quantum Physics and string theory?”

        Yeah, you asked Me on the plane.  Look, Interaction in the subatomic world: world lines of point-like particles in the Standard Model or a world sheet swept by closed strings in string theory Strings can split and connect. This is reflected by the form of their world sheet (in more accurate terms, by its topology). For example, if a closed string splits, its world sheet will look like a single pipe splitting (or connected) to two pipes (often referred to as a pair of pants). If a closed string splits and its two parts later reconnect, its world sheet will look like a single pipe splitting to two and then reconnecting, which also looks like a torus connected to two pipes (one representing the ingoing string, and the other — the outgoing one). An open string doing the same thing will have its world sheet looking like a ring connected to two strips.

     
“Huh?” I was confused by what He was saying to me.

        In
nineteen seventy four, Tamiaki Yoneya discovered that all the known string theories included a massless spin-two particle that obeyed the correct Ward identities to be a graviton. John Schwarz and Joel Scherk came to the same conclusion and made the bold leap to suggest that string theory was a theory of gravity, not a theory of hadrons. They reintroduced Kaluza–Klein theory as a way of making sense of the extra dimensions. At the same time, quantum chromodynamics was recognized as the correct theory of hadrons, shifting the attention of physicists and apparently leaving the bootstrap program in the dustbin of history. String theory eventually made it out of the dustbin, but for the following decade all work on the theory was completely ignored. Still, the theory continued to develop at a steady pace thanks to the work of a handful of devotees. Ferdinando Gliozzi, Joel Scherk, and David Olive realized in nineteen seventy six that the original Ramond and Neveu Schwarz-strings were separately inconsistent and needed to be combined. The resulting theory did not have a tachyon, and was proven to have space-time supersymmetry by John Schwarz and Michael Green in nineteen eighty one. The same year, Alexander Polyakov gave the theory a modern path integral formulation, and went on to develop conformal field theory extensively. In nineteen seventy nine , Daniel Friedan showed that the equations of motions of string theory, which are generalizations of the Einstein equations of General Relativity, emerge from the Renormalization group equations for the two-dimensional field theory. Schwarz and Green discovered T duality, and constructed two different superstring theories--- II A and II B related by T duality, and type I theories with open strings. The consistency conditions had been so strong, that the entire theory was nearly uniquely determined, with only a few discrete choices. In the early nineteen eighties, Edward Witten discovered that most theories of quantum gravity could not accommodate chiral fermions like the neutrino. This led him, in collaboration with Luis Alvarez-Gaumé to study violations of the conservation laws in gravity theories with anomalies, concluding that type I string theories were inconsistent. Green and Schwarz discovered a contribution to the anomaly that Witten and Alvarez Gaumé had missed, which restricted the gauge group of the type I string theory to be S O (32). In coming to understand this calculation, Edward Witten became convinced that string theory was truly a consistent theory of gravity, and he became a high profile advocate. Following Witten's lead, between nineteen eighty four and nineteen eighty six, hundreds of physicists started to work in this field, and this is sometimes called the first superstring revolution. The process of a string splitting (or strings connecting), He continued his Teachings.”  Is a global process of the world sheet, not a local one: Locally, the world sheet looks the same everywhere, and it is not possible to determine a single point on the world sheet where the splitting occurs? Therefore, these processes are an integral part of the theory, and are described by the same dynamics that controls the string modes. In some string theories (namely, closed strings in Type I and some versions of the bosonic string), strings can split and reconnect in an opposite orientation (as in a Möbius strip or a Klein bottle). These theories are called unoriented. In formal terms, the world sheet in these theories is a non-orientable surface.  In nineteen ninety five , at the annual conference of string theorists at the University Of Southern California (USC), Edward Witten gave a speech on string theory that in essence united the five string theories that existed at the time, and giving birth to a new eleven dimensional theory called M-theory. M-theory was also foreshadowed in the work of Paul Townsend at approximately the same time. The flurry of activity that began at this time is sometimes called the second superstring revolution. During this period, Tom Banks, Willy Fischler, Stephen Shenker and Leonard Susskind formulated matrix theory, a full holographic description of M theory using II A D 0 branes. This was the first definition of string theory that was fully non-perturbative and a concrete mathematical realization of the holographic principle. It is an example of a gauge gravity duality and is now understood to be a special case of the AdS / CFT correspondence. Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa calculated the entropy of certain configurations of D-branes and found agreement with the semi classical answer for extreme charged black holes. Petr Horava and Edward Witten found the eleven dimensional formulation of the heterotic string theories, showing that orbifolds solve the chirality problem. Witten noted that the effective description of the physics of D-branes at low energies is by a supersymmetric gauge theory, and found geometrical interpretations of mathematical structures in gauge theory that he and Nathan Seiberg had earlier discovered in terms of the location of the branes.

    
Another key feature of string theory is the existence of D branes. These are membranes of different dimensionality (anywhere from a zero dimensional membrane—which is in fact a point—and up, including 2 dimensional membranes, 3 dimensional volumes, and so on).  D branes are defined by the fact that world sheet boundaries are attached to them. D branes have mass, since they emit and absorb closed strings that describe gravitons, and — in superstring theories — charge as well, since they couple to open strings that describe gauge interactions. From the point of view of open strings, D branes are objects to which the ends of open strings are attached. The open strings attached to a D-brane are said to "live" on it, and they give rise to gauge theories "living" on it (since one of the open string modes is a gauge boson such as the photon). In the case of one D-brane there will be one type of a gauge boson and we will have an Abelian gauge theory (with the gauge boson being the photon). If there are multiple parallel D-branes there will be multiple types of gauge bosons, giving rise to a non-Abelian gauge theory. D-branes are thus gravitational sources, on which a gauge theory "lives". This gauge theory is coupled to gravity (which is said to exist in the bulk), so that normally each of these two different viewpoints is incomplete.  String theory as currently understood makes a series of predictions for the structure of the universe at the largest scales. Many phases in string theory have very large, positive vacuum energy. Regions of the universe that are in such a phase will inflate exponentially rapidly in a process known as eternal inflation. As such, the theory predicts that most of the universe is very rapidly expanding. However, these expanding phases are not stable, and can decay via the nucleation of bubbles of lower vacuum energy. Since our local region of the universe is not very rapidly expanding, string theory predicts we are inside such a bubble. The spatial curvature of the "universe" inside the bubbles that form by this process is negative, a testable prediction.   Moreover, other bubbles will eventually form in the parent vacuum outside the bubble and collide with it. These collisions lead to potentially observable imprints on cosmology. However, it is possible that neither of these will be observed if the spatial curvature is too small and the collisions are too rare. Under certain circumstances, fundamental strings produced at or near the end of inflation can be "stretched" to astronomical proportions. These cosmic strings could be observed in various ways, for instance by their gravitational lensing effects. However, certain field theories also predict cosmic strings arising from topological defects in the field configuration.

         
Theories with extra dimensions predict that the strength of gravity increases much more rapidly at small distances than is the case in 3 dimensions (where it increase as r 2). Depending on the size of the dimensions, this could lead to phenomena such as the production of micro-black holes at the LHC, or be detected in microgravity experiments.  String theory was originally proposed as a theory of hadrons, and its study has led to new insights on quantum chromodynamics, a gauge theory, which is the fundamental theory of the strong nuclear force. To this end, it is hoped that a gravitational theory dual to quantum chromodynamics will be found.

     
If confirmed experimentally, supersymmetry could also be considered evidence, because it was discovered in the context of string theory, and all consistent string theories are supersymmetric. However, the absence of supersymmetric particles at energies accessible to the LHC would not necessarily disprove string theory, since the energy scale at which supersymmetry is broken could be well above the accelerator's range. A central problem for applications is that the best-understood backgrounds of string theory preserve much of the supersymmetry of the underlying theory, which results in time-invariant spacetimes: At present, string theory cannot deal well with time-dependent, cosmological backgrounds. However, several models have been proposed to predict supersymmetry breaking, the most notable one being the KKLT model, which incorporates branes and fluxes to make a metastable compactification. AdS/CFT relates string theory to gauge theory, and allows contact with low energy experiments in quantum chromodynamics. This type of string theory, which describes only the strong interactions, is much less controversial today than string theories of everything (although two decades ago, it was the other way around). Grand unification natural in string theories of everything requires that the coupling constants of the four forces meet at one point under renormalization group rescaling. This is also a falsifiable statement, but it is not restricted to string theory, but is shared by grand unified theories. The LHC will be used both for testing AdS/CFT, and to check if the electroweak strong unification does happen as predicted. Gauge-gravity duality is a conjectured duality between a quantum theory of gravity in certain cases and gauge theory in a lower number of dimensions. This means that each predicted phenomenon and quantity in one theory has an analogue in the other theory, with a "dictionary" translating from one theory to the other.”

                                                    Chapter Thirty Eight

     Thirty years ago, I knew the Anti-Christ! I was working as a janitor in the New Yorker hotel.  This was the Anti-Christ’s national headquarters.

    The Anti-Christ gathered us in the hotel ballroom. We sat on the floor.  We always sat on the floor.  He was with his translator, Bo Hee Park.  He had lived in the United States for over ten years till then. He was obviously fluent in English. Unless he was a moron! He claimed his accent was too thick.  More likely he thought Korean was superior to English.  He did not want to soil his divine speech with English.