Dirty Wars (134 page)

513
“A decade of war
”:
Transcript, “Inaugural Address by President Barack Obama,” January 21, 2013.

513
US drone strike
:
Reuters, “U.S. Drone Strike Kills Four in Yemen: Sources,” January 21, 2013.

513
more people had been killed
:
According to available estimates, in 2012 drone strikes killed at least 246 people in Pakistan, and at least 185 people in Yemen. In Somalia, there were only two confirmed strikes—although operations in Somalia are especially likely to go underreported—killing at least a dozen people. See Chris Woods, Jack Serle, and Alice K. Ross, “Emerging from the Shadows: US Covert Drone Strikes in 2012,”
Bureau of Investigative Journalism
, January 3, 2013. As of November 2012, there were 166 people in detention at Guantánamo Bay; see Associated Press, “Report Shows U.S. Jails Could House Guantanamo Detainees,”
CBSNews.com
, November 2012.

513
systematizing the kill list
:
Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, and Karen DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass in Counterterrorism ‘Playbook,' Officials Say,”
Washington Post
, January 19, 2013.

513
one hundred countries
:
Admiral William McRaven, Commander, US Special Operations Command, “Posture Statement,” prepared for the Senate Armed Services Committee, March 6, 2012.

513
nomination was scuttled
:
Pamela Hess (AP), “Potential CIA Chief Cites Critics in Ending Bid,”
Seattle Times
, November 26, 2008.

514
“playbook
”:
Miller, Nakashima, and DeYoung, “CIA Drone Strikes Will Get Pass.”

514
“now so routine
”:
Greg Miller, “Plan for Hunting Terrorists Signals U.S. Intends to Keep Adding Names to Kill Lists,”
Washington Post
, October 23, 2012. The following details of Brennan's role and the “Disposition Matrix” are from the
Washington Post
article.

514
“white paper
”:
Department of Justice white paper, “Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa'ida or An Associated Force,” obtained by NBC News, released February 4, 2013,
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf
.

514
“chilling document
”:
Michael Isikoff, “Exclusive: Justice Department Memo Reveals Legal Case for Drone Strikes on Americans,”
NBCNews.com
, February 4, 2013.

515
“This power is going to be available
”:
Transcript, “Kill List Exposed: Leaked Obama Memo Shows Assassination of U.S. Citizens ‘Has No Geographic Limit,'”
Democracy Now!
, February 5, 2013.

515
“I don't oppose all wars
”:
Barack Obama, “Transcript: Obama's Speech Against the Iraq War,” October 2, 2002, transcript
available via
NPR.org
,
www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99591469
.

515
“Ask Osama bin Laden
”:
Jim Kuhnhenn (AP), “Obama Answers Appeasement Charge: ‘Ask Bin Laden,'”
AP Online
, December 8, 2011.

515
2012 poll
:
Scott Wilson and Jon Cohen, “Poll Finds Broad Support for Obama's Counterterrorism Policies,”
WashingtonPost.com
, February 8, 2012.

516
“I want to make sure that people understand
”:
“Obama Addresses Drone Strikes During ‘Hangout,'” YouTube video, 4:04, Obama response to question during Google+ video forum on January 30, 2012, posted by “TheDailyConversation,” January 30, 2012,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rPMPMqOjKY
.

516
“spinning the number of civilian casualties
”:
Michael J. Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare,”
International Affairs
89 (1) (2013).

517
“It's very important for the president
”:
Transcript, “Debate Night in America,” CNN, October 22, 2012.

517
“represents a betrayal
”:
Michael Boyle, “Obama's Drone Wars and the Normalisation of Extrajudicial Murder,” op-ed,
Guardian.co.uk
, June 11, 2012.

517
ruled on the request
:
New York Times v. Department of Justice, and ACLU v. Department of Justice, 1:11-cv-09336-CM, “Corrected Opinion Granting the Government's Motion for Summary Judgment and Denying Plaintiffs' Cross Motion for Summary Judgment by Judge Colleen McMahon” (DCSNY January 3, 2013). The
New York Times
and the ACLU filed two distinct but similar suits in 2012 that were ultimately combined.

518
“winning or losing
”:
Donald Rumsfeld, memorandum for Gen. Richard Myers, Paul Wolfowitz, Gen. Peter Pace, and Douglas Feith, “Subject: The Global War on Terrorism,” October 16, 2003, published in full by
USAToday.com
, May 20, 2005.

519
“adverse strategic effects
”:
Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”

519
“there's no country on Earth
”:
Transcript, “Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Shinawatra in a Joint Press Conference,” Government House, Bangkok, Thailand, November 18, 2012.

519
“If I had to summarize
”:
Jeh Charles Johnson, “The Conflict Against Al Qaeda and Its Affiliates: How Will It End?” speech at Oxford University, November 30, 2012, full text of remarks available via Lawfare (blog),
www.lawfareblog.com/2012/11/jeh-johnson-speech-at-the-oxford-union/#_ftni
. All statements attributed to Jeh Johnson come from the speech.

519
“secondary parties to murder
”:
Ravi Somaiya, “Drone Strike Prompts Suit, Raising Fears for U.S. Allies,”
New York Times
, January 30, 2013.

519
UN commission
:
Owen Bowcott, “UN to Investigate Civilian Deaths from US Drone Strikes,”
Guardian.co.uk
, October 25, 2012.

520
“encouraging a new arms race
”:
Boyle, “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare.”

520
“Western democracies
”:
Ben Emmerson, “Statement by UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights Concerning the Launch of an Inquiry into the Civilian Impact, and Human Rights Implications of the Use [of] Drones and Other Forms of Targeted Killing for the Purpose of Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Insurgency,” news release from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 1, 2012.

520
“We will defend our people
”:
Barack Obama, transcript, “Inaugural Address,” January 2013.

Abab, Adil al-,
460
–461

Abbottabad compound.
See under
Bin Laden, Osama

Abdel-Aziz, Nayef bin,
278

Abdullah, Tariq (aka Talha al Sudani),
119
,
127
–128,
196

Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk (“Underwear Bomber”),
317
–321,
359
,
363
,
369
,
379
,
400
–401,
506

Abdulsalam, Ali Abdullah (aka Mullah Zabara),
318
,
465
–467

Abizaid, John,
111
,
138
,
207
–208

Able Danger (code name),
139

Abrams, Elliott,
7

Abu Ghraib prisoner-abuse scandal,
146
,
148
,
157
,
160
,
163
,
191

“Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Slaughters an American” (Zarqawi video),
163

ACCMs.
See
Alternative Compartmentalized Control Measures

Ackerman, Spencer,
162
,
330

ACLU.
See
American Civil Liberties Union the Activity.
See
Intelligence Support Activity

Adam, Jean and Scott,
482
–483

Adamson, Sierra,
510

Addington, David,
7
,
24
,
29
,
88
–89

Addou, Ibrahim Hassan,
300

Advance Force Operations (AFOs),
92

Afghan Ministry of Interior,
337
–338,
339

Afghanistan,
3
,
15
,
270

al Qaeda in,
6
,
328

and Awlaki, Anwar,
34
,
42
–43,
47

Black Jail,
331

Blackwater in,
177

and civilian casualties, protests against,
347

clandestine action in,
282
,
283

Copper Green in,
146

cruise missile attacks in,
6
,
126

drone strikes in,
17

insurgency,
349

and Iraq, and unified task force,
138

ISAF in,
459

and JSOC, detainee operations in,
331

and JSOC, HVT list in,
331
,
333

and JSOC, night raids in,
331
,
334
(
see also
Gardez raid/massacre)

and mujahedeen-Soviet war,
34
,
62
,
215

and Obama/Obama administration,
258
,
282
,
284

secret US prisons in,
25
–26

SOF night raids in,
347
–348

and Special Ops/CIA reassigned to Iraq,
139

suicide bombers/bombings in,
412

Taliban in,
328

US counterinsurgency and covert war in, escalation of,
330
–331

US counterinsurgency in,
328
–331

US dead in,
348

US Field Detention Sites in,
331

US global kill list doctrine/night raids/snatch operations in,
330
,
332
–334

US surge in,
328
–329
See also
Bagram Air Base

AFOs.
See
Advance Force Operations

African Security Research Project,
298

African Union forces, US-backed, and al Shabab in Somalia,
272
–273,
277

African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM),
227
,
272
–273,
396
–397,
477

and al Shabab,
475
–476,
488
,
490
,
491

and al Shabab, and base bombing,
298
–299

and Burundian-led force in Daynile, against al Shabab,
492

CIA support for,
475

and civilian casualties,
474

and private security companies,
485
,
486

and Saracen International,
485

AFRICOM (United States Africa Command),
236
,
298
,
483

Afridi, Shakil,
436
,
459

Aftergood, Steven,
99

Ahadi, Shahyesta Jan,
338
–339

Ahdal, Muhammad Hamdi al-,
130

Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama (ASWJ),
478
–480,
488

Ahmar, Ali Mohsin al-,
431

Ahmed, Shirwa,
271

AIAI.
See
Al Itihaad al Islamiya

Aidid, Mohamed Farrah,
55
,
125

Akbar, Hasan,
240

Al-Aulaqi v. Obama,
391
–392

Al Hazmi, Nawaf,
37
,
40

Al Itihaad al Islamiya (AIAI),
121
–122,
196
,
199

Al Mohaya housing compound, Laban Valley,
130

Al Qaeda,
3
,
13
–14,
284
,
471

in Afghanistan,
6
,
328

in Africa,
139

and Al Mohaya housing compound, Laban Valley, bombing,
130

and al Shabab,
196
–197,
199
–200,
223

and al Shabab, alliance between, in Somalia,
393
–394

and attacks in Marib Province,
230
–231

and Awlaki, Anwar,
67
,
361
–363

and covert action, expansion of,
259
–260

and covert action, oversight of,
16
–17

in East Africa,
125
,
295
,
487
,
491

and Ethiopian occupation of Somalia,
225
–226

expansion of,
281

and Fazul,
198
–200

and Houthi rebellion,
131
–132

and ICU,
207
,
209

and JSOC,
53

and lethal authority,
5
,
18
,
22
–23

in Liberia,
139

and Majalah massacre rally, hijacking of,
311

in Mesopotamia,
113

and Nairobi bombings,
198
,
199

and Obama,
248
,
255
–257,
320
–321

in Pakistan,
114
,
217
–218,
255
–256

and post-Iraq invasion presence,
141
–142

and recruitment, and jihad in Somalia,
228
–229