Dirty Wars (137 page)

Bybee, Jay,
89

CAG.
See
Combat Applications Group

Cambodia,
9

Cambone, Stephen,
7
,
97
–98,
98
–99,
151
,
297

and Camp NAMA,
154
,
159

and Concept of Operations (CONOP) for HVT exploitation,
154

and Copper Green,
145
–146

and covert vs. clandestine divide,
171

and JSOC, and global manhunt,
170

Camp Chapman attack,
412

Camp Cropper,
157

Camp Lemonnier (Djibouti),
66
,
78
–80,
122
,
298

expansion of,
212

Camp NAMA (Baghdad, Iraq),
141
,
146

disciplining of task force members at,
159

as “filtration site,”
151

and Geneva Convention violations,
154

HVT Task Force access to prisoners at,
155

and interrogation and torture/techniques, SERE,
151
,
152
,
153
–154,
155

interrogation and torture/techniques at,
147
–160

interrogation facility of,
147
,
151
–152

and JAG lawyers,
156

military investigation of abuse at,
158
–160

military report on abuse at,
159

as model,
159
–160

and Motel
6
and Hotel California,
147

and nondisclosure agreements,
156

and oversight, lack of,
148

and Pentagon warning,
157
–158

and Red Cross report,
158

as secret facility,
148

and Special Access Program,
151

and unlawful combatants,
148

Cannistraro, Vincent,
58
,
59
,
100

Capitalism and Freedom
(Friedman),
18

Capture and transfer of prisoners.
See
Extraordinary rendition; Kill/capture operations; Rendition

Carson, Johnnie,
298
,
486

Carter, Jimmy,
5
,
49

Cartwright, James “Hoss,”
249
–250,
357
,
358
,
442

CCR.
See
Center for Constitutional Rights

Cemetery consecrations, by al Shabab,
200

CENTCOM,
53
,
77
,
111
,
138
,
149
,
168
,
169
,
175
,
202
,
236
,
258
,
262

Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR),
368
–373,
392

Central Intelligence Agency.
See
CIA

CFR.
See
Council on Foreign Relations

Chambliss, Saxby,
353
,
503

Charitable Society for Social Welfare (CSSW),
36

Chelsea Heights Elementary School,
32

Cheney, Dick,
284

and American Enterprise Institute,
12

and Awlaki, Anwar, targeted killing of,
503

and Balad Air Base,
162

and Church Committee,
10

and CIA, conflict between,
58
–59,
92
,
95
–96

and Clinton administration, criticism of,
4
,
7

and congressional oversight,
9

and corporate shadow army,
12

and counterterrorism policy,
21
,
23
–24

and covert action,
9
–10

and dark side/dark operations,
20
,
24
,
85
(
see also
Secret prisons)

defense plan of,
7
–8

global war plans of,
15
–16

and Halliburton,
12

and international criminal court,
8
–9

and interrogation policy,
261

and interrogation program,
85

and Iran-Contra scandal,
11
,
91

and Iraq,
3
,
129

and Iraq and 9/11-Saddam and al Qaeda connection,
14
–15,
28
,
81
,
82
–84,
150

and Iraqi WMDs,
15
,
82
,
150

and Iraq/Saddam Hussein obsession,
13

and JSOC,
100
–101

and JSOC, and military and intelligence law, gray areas of,
92
–94

and JSOC, legality of operations,
182
–183

and kill/capture operations,
29
,
114

and McChrystal,
103
–104

and military bureaucracy, privatization of,
12

as neoconservative leader,
9

and neoconservatives, and shadow government,
7

and 9/11 attacks, exploitation of,
19

and Obama,
247

and Obama, attack on,
320

and Petraeus,
164

and Powell, conflict between,
57

and presidential authority,
9

and presidential power, assumption of,
59

and prisoners, protection and treatment of,
29
–30

and Rumsfeld, resignation of,
215

and Saleh, Ali Abdullah,
64

and secret task force, success of,
174
–175

and secret wars,
9
–10,
12

and SOCOM,
94

and SOFs,
100

and SOFs, and intelligence program,
95
–96

and SOFs, plans for,
93
–101

and SSB,
100
–101

and torture, kidnapping, and assassination, legal justification for,
24

and War Powers Act,
10

Chesser, Zachary,
289

Church, Frank,
10

Church Committee,
10

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

and al Qaeda, in Yemen,
237

and AMISOM, support for,
475

and Awlaki, Anwar, drone strike against, failure of,
454

and Awlaki, Anwar, hunt for,
364
–366,
432
–433

and Awlaki, Anwar, interrogation of,
187

and Awlaki, Anwar, killing of,
499
,
500

and bin Laden compound, discovery of,
420
,
434
–437,
438
–440

and bin Laden compound raid, and SEAL team
6
,
437
–441

and Blackwater,
177
,
178

Brennan as director of,
513
–514

and Camp NAMA,
148
–149,
151

and Cheney, conflict between,
58
–59,
92
,
95
–96

and CIA-Blackwater-JSOC covert action, in Pakistan,
251
–253

and Clinton, and covert action, oversight of,
16

Counterterrorism Center,
13

and covert action, and al Qaeda,
16
–17

and covert action, in Afghanistan,
16

and covert action, 1950s-1970s,
5

Covert Action Planning Group,
16

Covert Action Review Group,
16

and covert aid, in Uzbekistan,
17

and covert operators, number of,
58

and Davis incident,
406
–407,
415
,
416
–417,
424
–426,
427
–428,
428
–429

Directorate of Operations,
25

and drone strikes,
17
–18,
177
,
255
,
352
,
421
–422

erosion of,
174
,
176
–177

and FBI, infighting between,
85

vs. HUMINT operations,
171

and HVT,
325

and interrogation and torture/techniques,
86
–91,
155
–156,
244
–245

and Iraq reassignment, from Pakistan,
139

and ISI,
425
–427

kill list,
23
,
351

and lethal authority,
7
,
20

oversight changes in,
23
–24

and Pakistan,
139
,
168
–169

and Pakistan, drone strikes in,
352

and Pakistan, HVTs in,
175
,
176
–177

in Pakistan,
216
,
406
–413

and Pentagon, conflict between,
30
,
81

and Pentagon, conflict between, and Iraq and 9/11-Saddam and al Qaeda connection,
81
–84

and Pentagon, conflict between, and Pakistan,
217

Petraeus as director of,
498

Phoenix Program, in Vietnam,
114

Political Islam Strategic Analysis Program,
15

and Qanyare, Mohamed Afrah, alliance with,
118
–121,
124
,
127

and Rumsfeld, conflict between,
58
–59,
92
,
95
–96,
97
,
169
,
171

and secret presidential directive,
20

and secret prisons, in Somalia,
296
–297

and Signature Strikes,
249

and Somali warlord program,
191
–195,
197

and Somali warlord program, and Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counterterrorism,
193

and Somali warlord program, and Ethiopia,
193

and Somali warlord program, and European Union,
194

and Somali warlord program, and Fazul,
199

and Somali warlord program, and ICU,
192
,
200
–201,
201
–203

and Somali warlord program, and kill/capture operations,
118
–121,
124
,
127
–129,
191
–195

and Somali warlord program, and Nabhan,
199

and Somali warlord program, defeat of,
200
–201,
201
–203

in Somalia,
470
–473,
475
,
476

and Storm, Morten,
292
,
293
,
364

and terror attacks, investigation of,
27
–28

in Yemen,
387
–388
See also individual CIA officials;
US intelligence

CIA-JSOC divide,
170
–171,
297
,
350
,
353
,
388

CID.
See
Army Criminal Investigations Division

Civil Cooperation Bureau of South Africa,
484

Civil liberties groups,
77
–78.
See also
American Civil Liberties Union

Civilian casualties

in Afghanistan,
347

and AMISOM,
474

and drone strikes,
248
–249,
250
–251,
516
See also
Collateral damage

CJTF-HOA.
See
Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa

Clandestine action,
282
–283

vs. covert action,
138
,
171

definition of,
91
,
92

Clapper, James,
356
,
370

Clarke, Richard

on assassination ban,
5
–7

and covert action, and Qaeda,
16
–17

on covert action,
4
–7

and drone strikes,
17

and Iraq and 9/11-Saddam and al Qaeda connection,
14

on lethal authority,
5
–6,
6
–7

and SOFs,
56

Clinton, Bill

and assassination ban,
5
–6

and Black Hawk Down incident,
55
–56

and covert action, oversight of,
16

and international criminal court,
8
–9

and JSOC,
52
,
54
,
55

and Kenya and Tanzania embassy bombings,
126

and lethal force against bin Laden,
126

and rendition program,
26
–27

and Schultz report,
57

and Somalia,
125
–126

Clinton, Hillary,
246
,
386

and Afghanistan,
282

and al Qaeda,
255
,
272

and Arab Spring,
431

and Awlaki, Anwar, targeted killing of,
503

and bin Laden at Abbottabad compound,
442
,
445

and bin Laden compound raid, protest over,
459

and Davis incident,
422
,
428

and Fazul, death of,
489

and Sharif, Sheikh,
277

and Yemen, AQAP in,
323
–324

and Yemen, US flyover rights in,
262

Clinton administration

and counterterrorism,
4

criticism of,
4
,
7

and drone strikes,
17

and hit list,
6
–7

and lethal authority,
5
–7

and Rumsfeld, disdain for,
126

and SOFs,
126

Cloonan, Jack,
28

Coalition Provisional Authority, in Iraq,
110
–111