Dinosaurs Without Bones (71 page)

family,
46
,
95
,
287

feces (“manna from heaven”),
14
,
252–53
,
266
,
356–57

group-oriented,
47

herbivorous,
13
,
126
,
190–92
,
214
,
295
,
351–55

ichnology,
21
,
69
,
74
,
335

live birth of young (viviparity),
91

lives, tracing,
9–16

macroevolutionary studies of,
26

meat-eating,
214

in Mesozoic Era,
15
,
37
,
45
,
87
,
95
,
149
,
173
,
234
,
266
,
306
,
310
,
333
,
346

originated (235
mya
),
25

proto-dinosaurs,
26

quadrupedal,
19
,
27
,
35
,
38
,
88

sauropod,
7–8
,
337

sex lives of,
4
,
16
,
115

sitting traces,
41
,
44

stampede of,
10
,
65–67
,
73–74
,
79
,
270

swim tracks of,
11
,
44
,
79
,
238
,
315

three-toed,
22
,
64–65
,
67
,
69–70
,
72–74
,
79
,
284

toothmarks of,
13–14
,
50
,
159
,
162
,
165–66
,
168
,
170
,
178–80
,
182–89
,
218
,
221
,
224
,
226
,
233–35
,
240
,
249
,
260–61
,
269–71
,
278
,
303
,
333
,
335
,
359
,
369
,
371

trace fossils of,
9–10
,
14–16
,
38
,
63
,
80
,
102
,
108
,
120
,
158
,
161
,
176
,
178
,
197
,
207
,
212
,
216
,
224

trackways of,
28
,
30–31
,
34–36
,
38
,
52
,
65
,
244
,
277
,
280
,
287
,
310

two-legged,
11
,
27
,
86
,
178

Dinosaur Cove (Australia),
154
,
271
,
276

“Dinosaur Death Pits from the Jurassic of China,”
51

Dinosaur Revolution
(TV series),
325
,
348

Dinosaur Stampede
(ABC film),
75

“Dinosaur Stampede in the Cretaceous of Queensland” (Thulborn and Wade),
65

“Dinosaur Trackways in the Winton Formation (Mid-Cretaceous) of Queensland” (Thulborn and Wade),
65

dinosauromorph tracks,
26

Diplodocus hallorum
,
218

Dromaeosaurids
,
21
,
48

Dromaeosaurus
(predatory theropods),
3–4
,
8
,
16

Dromaius novaehollandiae
,
36
,
298

Dromornis
,
301

“duckbill” dinosaurs (hadrosaurs),
6–8
,
14
,
41–45
,
55
,
162
,
189–92
,
213
,
225
,
236–37
,
254–55
,
352
,
355

dung beetles,
6–7
,
14
,
250–54
,
256
,
263
,
331
,
357

E

Early Cretaceous Period (120-135
mya
),
219
,
236
,
293
,
353
,
355
.
See also
Cretaceous Period

Early Jurassic Period (190–180
mya
)

Ammosaurus
,
218

dinosaur eggs, oldest known,
92

dinosaur swim tracks,
79

dinosaur tracks,
365

dinosaurs gave birth to live young,
91

feathered theropods,
40

Megapnosaurus
,
214

period,
22

prosauropod
Massospondylus
,
96
,
118
,
219
,
223
,
316

rocks,
11
,
16
,
38
,
41
,
44
,
92
,
118
,
148
,
238
,
315
,
349

sandstones,
315
,
342

theropod,
40

theropod swim tracks,
237

trace fossil,
39

trackway,
53

Early Triassic Period (245
mya
),
26

ecosystems

about,
9
,
14
,
45
,
53–54
,
107
,
131
,
187
,
231
,
253
,
258
,
274
,
292
,
300–302
,
305
,
317
,
332
,
335
,
355
,
359–60

ancient,
14
,
274

Cretaceous,
187
,
364

dinosaur,
226

forest,
317
,
357

freshwater,
339

Hawaiian,
302

land,
350

of Madagascar,
187

marine,
335

Mesozoic,
45
,
85
,
193
,
266
,
359
,
362

ocean,
352

polar,
274

riparian,
358

savannah,
253

terrestrial,
335
,
339
,
353–54

top-niche predators in,
300

Edmontosaurus
,
6–7
,
13–14
,
162–63
,
166–67
,
176
,
185–86
,
192
,
213

egg-laying,
12
,
91
,
105
,
116

Elephas maximus
(Indian elephant),
43–44

emus of Australia (
Dromaius novaehollandiae
),
36
,
298

enterolites (fossil stomach contents),
226
,
233
,
235
,
238
,
256
,
266
,
269

Eoraptor
,
25–26
,
263

evolution.
See also
Darwin, Charles

of amniotes,
91

of angiosperms,
354–55
,
357

in the animal communities,
9

of birds,
215
,
219
,
297–308
,
313
,
316–17
,
360–62
,
366

of cannibalism,
163
,
187

of carnivory,
263

of Chinese and American alligators,
124–25

co-evolution of flowering plants and birds,
363

co-evolution of grasses and mammals,
264
,
354

“Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution” and,
354

dinosaur behavior and,
196

of dinosaur feet,
19–21

of dinosaur parenting,
100
,
120

of dinosaurs,
14–15
,
18–19
,
85
,
92
,
214
,
242–43
,
362

dinosaurs originated (235
mya
),
25

of endoparasites,
259

of feces and seed plants,
232

of flight in dinosaurs,
312

of flowering plants,
232
,
353
,
355
,
357
,
360

of gastroliths,
219

of grasses in Mesozoic ecosystems,
266

of herbivorous dinosaur species,
354

of land plants,
353
,
357
,
360

of land-dwelling vertebrates,
353

live birth and,
91

macroevolutionary studies of dinosaurs,
26

of mammals,
362

of modern dinosaurs (chickens),
92

of modern ecosystems,
332

of nesting in dinosaurs,
118

of non-avian dinosaurs,
362

of pachycephalosaurs,
173

of plant communities in northern Queensland,
293

of plant-eating dinosaurs,
191

of pollinators,
360

of
Pterodaustro
,
206

sexual selection and,
323

of terrestrial ecosystems,
335

of theropods,
317
,
429

of tree-dwelling mammals,
360

of
Triceratops
horns,
170–71

trituration and,
200

of
Troodon
egg care,
93

of vertebrates burrow,
128
,
144

of whales and sea turtles,
204

evolutionary theory,
67
,
365

F

face-biting,
189

Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle
(Hanson),
299

floodplains,
1–8
,
43
,
53
,
90
,
107
,
153
,
190
,
252
,
260
,
262
,
268
,
274–78
,
280
,
284
,
286–87
,
299
,
311
,
314
,
339
,
341
,
357

Flores giant rat (Papagomys armandvillei),
303

flowering plants (angiosperms). See also monocotyledons; non-flowering seed plants

angiosperm,
353–57
,
361

in Cenozoic Era (65
mya
),
264
,
359–61

co-evolution of birds and,
363

in Cretaceous Period (70
mya
),
293
,
353–57
,
360–63

evolution of,
232

in Jurassic Period,
232
,
393

in Mesozoic Era,
232
,
353
,
356

modern,
353

forest ecosystems,
317
,
357

fossil burrows,
12
,
128

four-legged.
See also
two-legged animals,
30
,
68

gait,
27

males,
86

toothy tracemakers,
370

freshwater ecosystems,
339

G

Gasparinisaura
,
219

Gastornis (flightless bird),
300

gastroliths (“stomach stones”),
4
,
13

gender differences,
46
,
88
,
114

Genyornis (bird),
301

geologic record,
34
,
39
,
42
,
63
,
88
,
99
,
138
,
157
,
198
,
246
,
319
,
323
,
325
,
338
,
344

ghost lineage,
26

giant teratorn (Argentavis magnificens),
299–300

Gigantoraptor
(feathered theropod),
325–26
,
329

Gigantosaurus
,
37
,
357
,
368

Glen Rose, Texas,
42
,
48

global warming,
348
,
350–52
,
354
. See also climate change

Gorgosaurus
,
189
,
262

Great Ocean Walk (Australia),
268

grinding stones,
352

ground nests,
3
,
11–12
,
97
,
109
,
112
,
228
,
345
,
347
,
369

Guanlong wucaii
,
51

gymnosperms (non-flowering seed plants),
353
,
355–56
. See also angiosperms

H

hadrosaurs (“duckbill” dinosaurs),
6–8
,
14
,
41–45
,
55
,
162
,
189–92
,
213
,
225
,
236–37
,
254–55
,
352
,
355

Hawaiian ecosystems,
302

head-butting,
173–74

Hell Creek Formation of Montana,
189

herbivorous dinosaurs,
13
,
126
,
190–92
,
214
,
295
,
351–55

Herrerasaurus
,
25
,
263

Hitchcock, Edward (paleontologist),
40
,
366