Democracy of Sound (59 page)

TI,
208

Times Up
(Buzzcocks),
154

TMQ (Trade Mark of Quality) label,
102
–3,
113
,
152

Tokyo Round,
192

Top
40
radio format,
97

Top Hat label,
36

Touch of Evil
(Orson Welles),
63

Tower Records,
196
–7,
209

Toyota,
208

trademark,
14
,
49
,
100
,
102
–3,
125
,
135
–6,
183
,
192
–4

Traffic,
158

“Trans Europe Express” (Kraftwerk),
166

transformative appropriation,
205
–6

transistor,
81
–2

Triple Cee,
167

TRIPS (Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights),
193
–8

Troitsky, Artemy,
93

Troubled Troubadour
,
101

Truitt, Thomas,
112
,
133

Tweedy, Jeff,
214

Twin/Tone Records,
163

UK Anti-Piracy Group,
184

Ultra Rare Trax series (The Beatles),
163

Uncle Wiggly,
101
–3,
109

unfair competition,
32
,
46
–50,
73
,
75
,
118
,
125
,
130
,
136
,
142

United Arab Emirates,
176
,
185

United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization,
186

United States Constitution.
See
Constitution (US)

Universal Studios,
202

Uptown Records,
168

Uruguay Round,
192
–5

US Government Accountability Office,
208

US Record Corporation,
35

Vaidhyanathan, Siva,
171
,
204

Vail, Theodore,
67

Valenti, Jack,
193
,
203

Variety
,
55
,
57

Varsity label,
35

VCR,
180
,
183

Venzor, Osvaldo,
140

Verdi,
76

VHS tape,
79
,
187

Viacom,
8

Vicky Vinyl,
156

Victor Talking Machine Company.
See
RCA Victor

Victorian era,
70

Vietnam War,
97
,
103
,
116

vinyl record,
11
–2,
38
,
76
,
84
–7,
95
,
121
,
131
,
135
,
142
,
176
,
180

and collectors,
38
,
52

as bootleg medium,
55
,
65
,
94
,
157

decline of,
85
,
163

introduction of,
51
–2

Wagner, Richard,
36
,
76
–7,
87

Wagner-Nichols,
48
–9,
125
–6.
See also Metropolitan Opera v. Wagner-Nichols
(1950)

Walbrunn, Magda,
76

Walkman,
181

Waller, Fats,
59
,
60
(fig.)

Ward, Ed,
107
,
116

Warner Brothers,
108

Warner Communications International,
181

Warren, Earl,
81
,
137
–8

Wattenberg, Philip P.,
122

Watts, Alan,
106

War on Drugs,
212
–3

Wax label,
50

wax cylinder,
2
,
12
–6,
20
,
30
,
41
,
69
–70,
87
,
89
,
96
,
212

WBAI station,
108
(fig.)

WBO Broadcasting,
45
–6,
48
.
See also RCA v. Whiteman
(1940)

Weiss, Hy,
132

Welles, Orson,
63

Wenders, Wim,
93

Westerberg, Paul,
163

What’s Happening!!
,
150
–1

Whatever and Ever Amen
(Ben Folds Five),
8

White Album
(The Beatles),
99
–100,
104

White, Byron,
138

“White Power” (The Beatles),
104

Whiteman, Paul,
45
–6,
48
.
See also RCA v. Whiteman
(1940)

White-Smith Music Publishing Company.
See White-Smith v. Apollo
(1908)

White-Smith v. Apollo
(1908),
19
–21,
23
,
28
,
31
–2,
120
,
137

Whitford Committee (UK),
187
–8

Who, The,
94

Wilco,
214
–5

“Wild One” (Bobby Rydell),
57

Wilen, Dennis,
104

Williams, Clarence,
43
,
176

Wilson, Pete,
195

wire recording,
see
magnetic recording

Wired
,
161
,
209
,
211

Wizardo label,
153

WNEW station,
45

Wolff, Sanford,
147

Wood, Kimba,
200

Wood, Park,
124
–5

works for hire,
27
,
122
,
145
,
147

World’s Fair (1939),
69

WTO (World Trade Organization),
194

Xerox,
65
,
78
,
120

Yancey, Jimmy,
53
–5

“Yancey Special” (Meade Lux Lewis),
53
–4

Yarnell, Jules,
140
–1,
143

Yew, Lee Kuan,
184
,
190

Young, Neil,
115

YouTube,
1
,
8
,
207
,
213
–4

ZAP (Ze Anonym Plattenspieler) label,
102
–3,
155
(fig.)

Zappa, Frank,
158

zines,
39
,
97
,
146
,
157
,
162

Zongo, Ousame,
212

Zon-O-Phone,
14
,
29

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part One The Birth and Growth of Piracy, 1877–1955

1. Music, Machines, and Monopoly

2. Collectors, Con Men, and the Struggle for Property Rights

3. Piracy and the Rise of New Media

Part Two The Legal Backl Ash, 1945–1998

4. Counterculture, Popular Music, and the Bootleg Boom

5. The Criminalization of Piracy

6. Deadheads, Hip-Hop, and the Possibility of Compromise

7. The Global War on Piracy

Conclusion: Piracy as Social Media

Notes

Index