Connectome (63 page)

Morality, and naturalistic fallacy,
[>]

Morse code as analogy to action potentials,
[>]
–
[>]

Motor homunculus,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Motor neurons,
[>]

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, starling as pet of,
[>]

MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England,
[>]

MRI.
See
Magnetic resonance imaging

MTL (medial temporal lobe),
[>]
–
[>]

and memory,
[>]
–
[>]

Multiple intelligences,
[>]

Multiple sclerosis,
[>]

Muscle fibers, contraction of,
[>]

Muscles, and synaptic inhibition,
[>]

Myelin and myelination,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

“Myeloarchitecture,”
[>]

Myrdal, Gunnar,
[>]

Myth of Sisyphus, The
(Camus),
[>]

“Nanobots,”
[>]

National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Human Connectome Project,
[>]

Nature-nurture relation,
[>]
–
[>]

in autism and schizophrenia,
[>]

and connectomes,
[>]

and twin studies,
[>]
–
[>]

Negative feedback,
[>]

Neocognitron,
[>]
–
[>]

Neocortex,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

double bouquet cell of,
[>]
,
[>]

region comparable to in birds,
[>]

Neocortical plasticity,
[>]
–
[>]

Neo-phrenologists and neo-phrenology

and brain size,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

on memories and learning,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

and mental retardation,
[>]

Nerves (poultry), axons as,
[>]
–
[>]

Nervous system,
[>]

Neural code,
[>]
–
[>]

Neural Darwinism,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

for adult neurons,
[>]
,
[>]

Neurites,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

axons,
[>]
–
[>]
(
see also
Axons)

dendrites,
[>]
–
[>]
(
see also
Dendrites)

and synapses,
[>]

three-dimensional rendering of fragments of,
[>]

Neuroanatomy,
[>]

limitations of,
[>]
–
[>]

Neuroblasts,
[>]

Neurodegenerative disorders

Alzheimer's disease,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

drugs for,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

mouse models of,
[>]

Parkinson's disease,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

See also
Mental disorders and disabilities

Neurodevelopmental disorders

autism and schizophrenia as,
[>]
–
[>]
(
see also
Autism; Schizophrenia)

treatment for

prevention,
[>]
–
[>]

through rewiring,
[>]

See also
Mental disorders and disabilities

Neurologists,
[>]

Neuromodulators,
[>]
–
[>]

Neuronal connectome,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Neurons,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

activity of,
[>]
–
[>]

collective action of,
[>]
–
[>]

communication between,
[>]
–
[>]

excitatory and inhibitory synapses and neurons in,
[>]
–
[>]

and nonspiking neurons,
[>]
–
[>]

through pathways,
[>]
–
[>]

and “weighted voting model,”
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

as computing,
[>]
–
[>]

and connectionism,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

connections among,
[>]
,
[>]

part-whole rule in,
[>]
–
[>]

rules of,
[>]
–
[>]

and connections to outside world,
[>]

creation of,
[>]
,
[>]

in parallel with elimination,
[>]
–
[>]

question of in adults,
[>]

and Dale's Principle,
[>]

degeneration and death of,
[>]
,
[>]

elimination of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

excitatory,
[>]
–
[>]

extrasynaptic interactions of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

four R's in change of,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
(
see also
Reconnection; Regeneration; Reweighting of synapse; Rewiring of brain)

and genes,
[>]
,
[>]

Golgi staining of,
[>]

image of,
[>]

inhibitory,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

organization of (dumb into smart),
[>]

in perception,
[>]

previous impossibility of seeing,
[>]

reading of thoughts and perceptions from,
[>]

of retina (reconstructed automatically by computer),
[>]

rules of connection governing,
[>]
–
[>]

simulations of,
[>]

spiking for specific celebrity,
[>]

and synapses,
[>]
(
see also
Synapse)

technological progress in imaging of,
[>]
–
[>]

tracing branches of through cross-sections,
[>]

types of,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

and
C. elegans,
[>]
–
[>]

and connectionism,
[>]
–
[>]

models of,
[>]

pyramidal,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

variety of,
[>]

“weighted voting model” of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Neuropathology(ies),
[>]

and autism or schizophrenia treatment,
[>]

for diverse genetic defects,
[>]

and drug evaluation,
[>]

Neuroscience and neuroscientists,
[>]

of change,
[>]

and challenge of empirical investigation of connectome,
[>]
–
[>]

and challenge of overwhelming amounts of information,
[>]
,
[>]

and changing our brains,
[>]

and dilemma of phrenology vs. connectionism,
[>]

and extrasynaptic interactions of neurons,
[>]
–
[>]

and fashioning of connectome,
[>]
–
[>]

and four R's,
[>]
(
see also
Reconnection; Regeneration; Reweighting of synapse; Rewiring of brain)

of future (connectomics),
[>]

vs. “ghost in the machine,”
[>]

“grand challenges” for,
[>]

and great inventions,
[>]
–
[>]

and hypotheses about memory,
[>]
–
[>]

and mind vs. brain,
[>]

and self-improvement,
[>]

through simulation,
[>]

stains important in,
[>]

unachieved benefits of,
[>]

understanding brain as goal of,
[>]

and unknown,
[>]
–
[>]

Neurotransmitter,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Dale's Principle on,
[>]

discovery of,
[>]
–
[>]

surplus or deficiency of in mental disorders,
[>]

New Organon
(Bacon),
[>]

Newton, Sir Isaac,
[>]
,
[>]

Nicolelis, Miguel,
[>]

Nicotine,
[>]

and brain function,
[>]

Nissl, Franz,
[>]

Nobel Prize in economics,
[>]

Nondeclarative (implicit) memory,
[>]
–
[>]

Notebook parable about memory theories,
[>]
–
[>]

Nottebohm, Fernando,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Nucleotides,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Obsessive-compulsive disorder,
[>]
,
[>]

Occipital lobe,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Olfactory bulb,
[>]
,
[>]

Olson, Charles,
[>]
,
[>]

On Memory
(Aristotle),
[>]
–
[>]

Optic nerve,
[>]

Optogenetics,
[>]

Organization of Behavior, The
(Hebb),
[>]

“Organology,”
[>]

Organ transplantation,
[>]
–
[>]

of brain,
[>]
–
[>]

Pangloss, Dr. (Voltaire character),
[>]

Paparazzi metaphor for perception,
[>]
–
[>]

Paré, Ambroise,
[>]
–
[>]

Parietal lobe,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

learning to juggle as thickening,
[>]

left parietal lobe,
[>]

Parietal lobule, inferior,
[>]

Parkinson's disease (PD),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]