Connectome (58 page)

Bragg, Lawrence,
[>]

Braille readers,
[>]

Brain(s)

abnormalities in

lissencephaly,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

microcephaly,
[>]
,
[>]

adult plasticity of,
[>]

“areas” and “regions' of,
[>]

change in (and learning new behavior),
[>]
–
[>]

complexity of,
[>]
,
[>]

death of,
[>]
–
[>]

as connectome destruction,
[>]
–
[>]

development of,
[>]

and abnormalities,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

change easiest in early stages of,
[>]

and gene therapy,
[>]
–
[>]

and organizational patterns,
[>]
–
[>]

synapse creation and destruction,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

enhancing normal function of,
[>]

fMRI in mapping of,
[>]
–
[>]

forest metaphor for,
[>]
,
[>]

complexity of,
[>]

hierarchical perceptron model for,
[>]

individual differences in functioning of,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

as irreplaceable,
[>]
–
[>]

Labyrinth metaphor for,
[>]
–
[>]

left vs. right,
[>]

and hemispherectomy in children,
[>]

and sides of body,
[>]

MRI cross-section of,
[>]

muscles compared with,
[>]
–
[>]

as mysterious,
[>]

and neuroanatomy,
[>]
–
[>]

and neurons (
see also
Neurons)

and connections between,
[>]

number of,
[>]

organization of,
[>]
,
[>]

plastination of,
[>]
–
[>]

in recovery from stroke,
[>]
–
[>]

regions of studied,
[>]

rewiring of,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
(
see also
Rewiring of brain)

size of

and autism,
[>]
–
[>]

and intelligence,
[>]
–
[>]

measurement of,
[>]
–
[>]

and mental differences,
[>]
,
[>]

and schizophrenia,
[>]
–
[>]

structure of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

and connectionism,
[>]
–
[>]

and different levels of activation,
[>]
–
[>]

vs. function as criterion for division,
[>]

and genius,
[>]
–
[>]

and individual differences,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

and localizationism,
[>]
–
[>]
(
see also
Localizationism)

measurement in study of,
[>]

and neuron types,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

proper division of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

similar functions within region of,
[>]

and specific abilities,
[>]

study of

as available approach to understanding,
[>]

and regions,
[>]

of Tan,
[>]

and technologies,
[>]
(
see also
Technological innovation)

and thinking,
[>]
(
see also
Thought)

transfer of functions between parts of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

and equipotentiality,
[>]
–
[>]

“wiring” of,
[>]
–
[>]
(
see also
Connectome)

in childhood vs. adulthood,
[>]
–
[>]

and connections between regions,
[>]
–
[>]

and dead brains,
[>]
–
[>]

wires across boundaries,
[>]

See also
Cortex;
other brain parts

Brain archaeology, neuroanatomy as,
[>]

Brain disorders

epilepsy,
[>]
,
[>]
(
see also
Epilepsy)

infectious,
[>]
–
[>]

treatment of,
[>]

development of drugs for,
[>]
–
[>]

primitive methods of,
[>]

through regeneration,
[>]
–
[>]

and research on areas,
[>]
–
[>]

through rewiring,
[>]
–
[>]

for stroke,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

See also
Mental disorders and disabilities; Neurodegenerative disorders

Brain injury

and cortical area acquiring new function,
[>]

denial of by victim,
[>]

in identifying cortical areas,
[>]
–
[>]

from oxygen deprivation,
[>]

recovery from quicker in earlier time of life,
[>]

regeneration as treatment for,
[>]
–
[>]

and regional connections,
[>]
–
[>]

and regions affected,
[>]

rewiring facilitated by,
[>]
,
[>]

in stroke,
[>]
–
[>]

symptoms of,
[>]

Brain of monkey, map of,
[>]
,
[>]

Brain Preservation Prize,
[>]

Brain simulation,
[>]
–
[>]

atom-by-atom,
[>]

and change,
[>]

connectome as basis for,
[>]
–
[>]

and controversy over cat brain,
[>]
–
[>]

and extrasynaptic interactions of neurons,
[>]
–
[>]

and neuron-variety problem,
[>]
–
[>]

success criterion for,
[>]
–
[>]

See also
Computer simulation; “Uploading”

Brainstem,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

“Brainstem death,”
[>]
–
[>]

Brain That Changes Itself, The: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science
(Doidge),
[>]

Brain tissue, in ultramicrotome,
[>]

“Brain in a vat” scenario,
[>]

Brave New World
(Huxley),
[>]

Brenner, Sydney,
[>]
–
[>]

Brief History of Time, A
(Hawking),
[>]
–
[>]

Briggman, Kevin,
[>]

Broadcasting,
[>]

Broca, Paul,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Broca's aphasia,
[>]
,
[>]

Broca's region,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

connected to Wernicke's region,
[>]
–
[>]

and stroke damage,
[>]

Broca-Wernicke model of language,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

replacement for,
[>]

Brodmann, Korbinian,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Brodmann's map,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

and brain damage,
[>]

Lashley on,
[>]

and synapse creation,
[>]

Brooks' Law,
[>]

Byron, Lord,
[>]

Caffeine, and brain function,
[>]

Cajal, Santiago Ramón y

and neuron classification,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

and neuron contact,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

neurons drawn by,
[>]
,
[>]

Nobel Prize to,
[>]

Calculus, simultaneous discovery of,
[>]

Campbell, Alfred,
[>]

Camus, Albert,
[>]
–
[>]

Candide
(Voltaire),
[>]

Cat brain simulation, controversy over,
[>]
–
[>]

CA3 region of hippocampus,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

C. elegans
worm(s),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

connectome of mapped,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

as connectome twins,
[>]
–
[>]

map of nervous system (connectome) of,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

neuron types in,
[>]
–
[>]

“reduced” connectome of,
[>]

simulation of (and neuron models),
[>]
–
[>]

slice of,
[>]

types of neurons in,
[>]

Cell(s),
[>]

Bernal on future manipulation of,
[>]

ice inside as fatal,
[>]