Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (476 page)

 
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Lava from the Niedermendig–Andernach–Eifel region of the Rhineland widely used in making querns and grinding stones from the later Neolithic onwards. The quality of the stone is such that it was traded widely in northern Europe.

 
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A bluish-black paste produced by heating powdered sulphides of copper and silver. Niello was extensively used to decorate inlaid Mycenaean daggers of the 2nd millennium
bc
, and also by Germanic and Anglo-Saxon metalworkers in the 1st millennium
ad
.

 
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Goddess of victory, portrayed in Greek art as a winged figure descending to award victory. The earliest Nike statue was found in Delos. The most famous are the Winged Victory of Paeonius in the Olympia Museum, dated 425 bc, and the Victory of Samothrace in the Louvre dated to about 320 bc.

 
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Egyptian god. See
HA'PY
.

 
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Nilsson , Sven
(1787–1883)
[Bi].

Swedish contemporary of
WORSAAE
and Professor of Zoology at Lund, who recognized, with qualifications, the validity of the Danish technological model and proposed, on the basis of comparative studies, a socio-economic model of development from savagery through pastoralism and agriculturalism to civilization. His principal work,
Skandinaviska Nordens Urinvanare
, published in 1834, was later translated into English by John Lubbock under the title
The primitive inhabitants of Scandinavia
(1868).
[Bio.: J. Hegardt , 1999, Sven Nilsson . In T. Murray (ed.),
Encyclopedia of archaeology. I. The Great Archaeologists.
Oxford: ABC-Clio. 65–78]

 
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