Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (236 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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[Di].
[Di].
Sumerian god of the sky and storms, son of An. Patron of Nippur, and the most important god in the pantheon until ousted by
MARDUK
.
MARDUK
.
entablature
[Co].
[Co].
A term to cover all the horizontal stonework resting on a row of columns, including the architrave (the lowest member), the frieze, and the cornice at the top.
entrance grave
[MC].
[MC].
A class of chambered tomb of late Neolithic date found only in western Cornwall, the Isles of Scilly, and southeastern Ireland. Distinguished by a small round mound edged with a kerb of large boulders, and a rectangular chamber occupying most of the central part of the mound. Also known as Scilly-Tramore tombs or Scillonian tombs.
Entremont, France
[Si].
[Si].
A large Celto-Ligurian
oppidum
near Aix-en-Provence in the south of France. It was the capital of the Saluvii tribe until destroyed by the Romans in 124 bc. Originally constructed in the 3rd century
bc
, Entremont was roughly triangular in plan and enclosed by a stone wall with rectangular projecting towers. Within the enclosure were houses, a regular street plan, a drainage network, and, near the centre, an important sanctuary. Finds include human heads and torsos carved in the round and four-sided limestone pillars with severed heads carved in relief. The occupants of the site were well connected to the classical world, as shown by a wide range of imports to the site. Especially important was eating and drinking equipment, the use of which is demonstrated by the discarded amphorae containers in which luxury food and drink would have arrived.
[Rep.: F. Benoît , 1975, The Celtic oppidum of Entremont, Provence. In R. Bruce-Mitford (ed.),
Recent archaeological excavations in Europe
. London: Routledge. 227–59]
oppidum
near Aix-en-Provence in the south of France. It was the capital of the Saluvii tribe until destroyed by the Romans in 124 bc. Originally constructed in the 3rd century
bc
, Entremont was roughly triangular in plan and enclosed by a stone wall with rectangular projecting towers. Within the enclosure were houses, a regular street plan, a drainage network, and, near the centre, an important sanctuary. Finds include human heads and torsos carved in the round and four-sided limestone pillars with severed heads carved in relief. The occupants of the site were well connected to the classical world, as shown by a wide range of imports to the site. Especially important was eating and drinking equipment, the use of which is demonstrated by the discarded amphorae containers in which luxury food and drink would have arrived.
[Rep.: F. Benoît , 1975, The Celtic oppidum of Entremont, Provence. In R. Bruce-Mitford (ed.),
Recent archaeological excavations in Europe
. London: Routledge. 227–59]
entrepot
[MC].
[MC].
A trading town or city, often a port, strategically situated for the redistribution of goods from a variety of sources.
environment
[Ge].
[Ge].
The total surroundings in which a human society finds itself; all the factors that in any way affect its mode of life.
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