Civilization: The West and the Rest (64 page)

31
. Grayling,
Light of Liberty
, pp. 189–93.

32
. Wilde,
De Profundis
, pp. 21, 23, 33.

33
. Berger and Spoerer, ‘Economic Crises’.

34
. See e.g. Fowler,
Lancashire Cotton Operatives
.

35
. Allen, ‘Great Divergence in European Wages’. I am grateful to Robert Allen for sharing his wage data with me.

36
. Allen et al., ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards’.

37
. Mazzini, ‘To the Italians’.

38
. Bismarck,
Reminiscences
, Vol. I, ch. 13.

39
. Schorske,
Fin-de-Siècle Vienna
.

40
. H. C. Martin, ‘Singer Memories’:
http://www.singermemories.com/index.html
.

41
. Maddison,
World Economy
, tables B-10, B-21.

42
. Kennedy,
Rise and Fall
, p. 190.

43
. Bairoch, ‘International Industrialization Levels’.

44
. Broadberry, ‘Total Factor Productivity’.

45
. Fordham, ‘ “Revisionism” Reconsidered’.

46
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’, table 8.

47
. Dyos and Aldcroft,
British Transport
, table 4.

48
. Maurer and Yu,
Big Ditch
, p. 145.

49
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’.

50
. Clark,
Farewell to Alms
, table 15.3.

51
. McKeown, ‘Global Migration’, p. 156.

52
. Carter et al. (eds.),
Historical Statistics of the United States
, tables Ad354–443.

53
. Mitchell,
Abstract of British Historical Statistics
, pp. 333f.

54
. I am grateful to Simon Cundey of Henry Poole for giving me sight of the firm’s old order books and other useful documents.

55
. Beasley,
Japan Encounters the Barbarian
.

56
. See Hirano,
State and Cultural Transformation
, p. 124.

57
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 12. See the 1873 photograph of the Emperor by Uchida Kyuichi:
http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027j/throwing_off_asia_01/ emperor_02.html
.

58
. Malony, ‘Modernity, Gender and Empire’.

59
. See
Illustration of the Ceremony Promulgating the Constitution
, unknown artist (1890).

60
. Penn State University,
Making Japanese
online resource,
http://www.east-asian-history.net/textbooks/MJ/ch3.htm
.

61
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 295.

62
. Gong,
Standard of ‘Civilization’
.

63
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 194.

64
. Japan Cotton Spinners’ Association,
Cotton Statistics of Japan: 1903–1924
, table 1
.

65
. Wall,
Japan’s Century
, p. 17.

66
. Kamisaka,
Cotton Mills and Workers
.

67
. Moser,
Cotton Textile Industry
, p. 30.

68
. Ibid.

69
. Farnie, ‘Role of Cotton Textiles’.

70
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’. On American productivity, see Copeland, ‘Technical Development’.

71
. See e.g. Moser,
Cotton Textile Industry
, p. 102. See also Wolcott and Clark, ‘Why Nations Fail’.

72
. Upadhyay,
Existence, Identity and Mobilization
.

73
. A fine example is Mizono Toshikata’s woodblock print in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

74
. Meech-Pekarik,
World of the Meiji Print
, p. 145.

75
. From Lenin,
The State and Revolution
(1918).

76
. Cole et al., ‘Deflation and the International Great Depression’.

77
. Friedman and Schwartz,
Monetary History of the United States
.

78
. Keynes,
Tract on Monetary
Reform
(1924).

79
. Tooze,
Wages of Destruction
.

80
. For further details, see Ferguson,
War of the World
.

81
. Harrison,
Economics of World War II
.

82
. Westad,
Global Cold War
.

83
. Ferguson,
War of the World
, pp. 606–17.

84
. Data from Singer and Small, Correlates of War.

85
. Piketty and Saez, ‘Income Inequality’, esp. figure 20.

86
. Hyman, ‘Debtor Nation’.

87
. I am grateful to my colleague Diego Comin for these figures.

88
. Sullivan,
Jeans
, pp. 9, 77.

89
. Ibid., pp. 214f.

90
. ‘Coca-Cola as Sold Throughout the World’,
Red Barrel
, 8, 3 (March 1929).

91
. See Allen,
Secret Formula
, p. 325.

92
. Interview with the author, 2009. See also Wolle,
Traum von der Revolte
, esp. pp. 56–61.

93
. Debray, ‘The Third World’,
http://www.digitalnpq.org/archive/1986_spring/kalashnikov.html

94
. Suri,
Power and Protest
.

95
. Kurlansky,
1968
.

96
. Marshall,
Demanding the Impossible
, pp. 551ff.

97
. For 1968 graffiti, see
http://www.bopsecrets.org/CF/graffiti.htm
.

98
. Greer,
Female Eunuch
, p. 322.

99
. Sullivan,
Jeans
, p. 131.

100
. Interview with author, 2009.

101
. Interview with author, 2009.

102
. Ramet, ‘Rock Music in Czechoslovakia’, pp. 59, 63.

103
. Poiger,
Jazz, Rock and Rebels
, pp. 62ff.

104
. Safanov, ‘Revolution’.

105
. Siefert, ‘From Cold War to Wary Peace’.

106
. Interview with author, 2009.

107
. Bergson, ‘How Big was the Soviet GDP?’ See in general Cox (ed.),
Rethinking the Soviet Collapse
.

108
. Fukuyama,
End of History
.

109
. Gaddis,
Cold War
.

110
. Charlotte Sector, ‘Belarusians Wear Jeans in Silent Protest’, ABC News, 13 January 2006.

111
. Interview with author, 2009.

112
. Ferdows, ‘Women and the Islamic Revolution’; Nashat, ‘Women in the Islamic Republic’.

113
. Ebadi,
Iran Awakening
, pp. 41f.

CHAPTER 6: WORK

1
. Gibbon,
Decline and Fall
, ch. 31, Parts III and IV.

2
. Scaff, ‘Remnants of Romanticism’.

3
. Weber,
Max Weber
, p. 292.

4
. Weber,
Protestant Ethic
, pp. 112, 154.

5
. Ibid., p. 119.

6
. Ibid., p. 24. For a modern restatement, see Koch and Smith,
Suicide of the West
, pp. 184f.

7
. Weber,
Protestant Ethic
, p. 180.

8
. Ibid., pp. 70f.

9
. Ibid., p. 166. See Chiswick, ‘Economic Progress’.

10
. Tawney,
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
.

11
. Cantoni, ‘Economic Effects’.

12
. Delacroix and Nielsen, ‘Beloved Myth’. See also Iannaccone, ‘Introduction’.

13
. Young, ‘Religion and Economic Growth’.

14
. Grier, ‘Effect of Religion on Economic Development’.

15
. Becker and Wössmann, ‘Was Weber Wrong?’

16
. Trevor-Roper, ‘Religion, the Reformation and Social Change’.

17
. Woodberry, ‘Shadow of Empire’.

18
. Guiso et al., ‘People’s Opium?’

19
. Barro and McCleary, ‘Religion and Economic Growth’.

20
. World Bank, World Development Indicators online.

21
. Ferguson, ‘Economics, Religion and the Decline of Europe’.

22
. Data from the Conference Board Total Economy Database, September 2010,
http://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/
. See also OECD.Stat and various OECD publications.

23
. World Values Survey Association,
World Values Survey
.

24
. Chesterton,
Short History
, p. 104.

25
. Bruce,
God is Dead
, p. 67.

26
. Data from
http://www.cofe.anglican.org/news/pr2009.html
.

27
. See Brown,
Death of Christian Britain
, esp. p. 191. See also the essays in McLeod and Ustorf (eds.),
Decline of Christendom
.

28
. Bruce,
God is Dead
, p. 65.

29
. Davie,
Religion in Britain
, pp. 119, 121.