Civilization: The West and the Rest (77 page)

economic systems
see
financial systems

Ecuador
98
,
122
,
128

Edict of Worms (1521)
61

Edison, Thomas
260

education
14
,
215
,
238
,
263
,
264

in China
43

Islamic
51

literacy rates
77
,
125
,
263
,
264

teaching of history
xviii–xx

university level
7
,
17–18
,
92
,
175
,
244–5

for women
94
,
244

Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward VIII)
220
,
225

Ehrhardt, Hermann
188–9

Ehrlich, Paul
176

Eichacker, Captain Reinhold
185–6

Eijkman, Christiaan
170

Einstein, Albert
235

Eisenstadt, Shmuel
3

Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick (wife of Frederick the Great)
73–4

Ellington, Duke
230

Elliott, J. H.
103–4

empires
see
imperialism
; individual empires

Encümen-i Daniş (Assembly of Knowledge), Ottoman empire
89

Engels, Friedrich
207
,
209
,
210–11
,
228

England
4
,
18
,
37

China and
47–9

exploration, voyages of
36

France and
23
,
24
,
39

Industrial Revolution
10
,
13
,
21
,
28–9
,
70

Ireland and
24
,
105
,
203
n

London
see
London

slavery (chattel slavery) in
130
,
132

see also
Britain
;
British empire

English Civil Wars
104
,
105
,
106
,
107
,
115
,
150
,
152

the Enlightenment
76–9
,
81

environmental issues
17
,
293–4
,
299

Epp, Franz Xavier Ritter von
188–9

Erasmus, Desiderius
xxiii

Erdely, Eugene
190

Eugene of Savoy, Prince
56

eugenics
176–7

in Germany
176–81
,
189–90
,
191
; in German Namibia
176–81
; genocide in
179–80
,
188

Euler, Leonard
84

Euphrates river/valley
17

Europe

competition between states
36–42

geography
36–7

Islamic envoys to
86–7

US and
16

see also
individual countries

European integration
14–15
,
239

Everett, Edward
137

exploration, voyages of
9
,
23
,
38

Chinese
28–33
,
48

English
36

marine chronometers for
70

as missionary endeavours
39

Portuguese
33–5
,
39
,
53
,
130

Spanish
35–6

Faidherbe, Louis, governor of Senegal
164
,
165
,
166

fashion/clothing
197–8
,
219–20
,
225
,
237
,
246
,
255

communist attitude to
249–50

in Japan
220–21
,
222
,
223
,
225

jeans
240–44
,
246–9
,
250

machine made
217–18
,
237

for men
216
,
220–21
,
230

military uniforms
215–16
,
229
,
233
,
234
,
237

for women
216
,
220
,
246
; Islamic
253–5
,
253
n

see also
consumerism

Fashoda incident, Sudan (1898)
173

Feng Youlan:
History of Chinese Philosophy
27

Feraios, Rigas
213

Fermat, Pierre de
66

Ferrier, Thomas
121
,
122

Ferry, Jules, Prime Minister of France
172

Fertile Crescent concept
17

film industry
230
,
231

Filmer, Sir Robert:
Patriarcha
108

financial systems
7
,
14
,
139

in Asia
7
,
252–3
,
277–8

banking
230–31

capitalism
see
capitalism

cash nexus concept
206–7

consumer credit
238

in Europe
106–7
,
161

markets/market economy
205–6
,
276–7

money supply
38

monopolies
38

taxation
38
,
44
,
106
,
107
,
117
,
210–11
,
288

see also
economic …
;
Great Depression

First World War (1914–18)
16
,
92
,
148–9
,
181
,
182
,
227

African colonial troops in
181–9
; French
183–7
; German
182

casualty figures
181
,
183
,
186
,
187

Dardanelles
85

Gallipoli
91
,
182

Rudyard Kipling on
187–8

Fischer, Eugen
180–81
,
189

Human Heredity …
189

food
see
diet

food supplies
22
,
200–201

famine
44
,
46

see also
agriculture

foreign aid, to Africa
145–6

France
4
,
16
,
36
,
37
,
83
,
85

American Revolution and
117

Britain and
140
,
160
,
161
,
173

economic crises
149–50
,
161

England and
23
,
24
,
39

the Enlightenment
77–8

in First World War
182–3
,
185–7

Huguenots
39
,
41
,
76

Italy and
159

literacy rates
77

living standards
24–5

the Marseillaise
156
,
156
n

under Napoleon Bonaparte
119
,
142
,
156–61

Paris
5
,
77
,
215

property rights
152

Russia and
160

Spain and
119

student unrest
245

see also
French …

Frauenfeld, Alfred
193

Frederick the Great of Prussia
73–4

The Anti-Machiavel
75
,
79–80

as an intellectual
79–80

Political Testaments
73
,
80

as a scientific patron
71
,
79–80
,
84

French army, in First World War
182–3
,
185–7

mutiny in
186–7

French empire
148
,
159
,
160
,
195

in Africa
163–75
,
176
,
188
,
190–91
; segregation in
174–5

colonial armies
164
; in First World War
183–7

Ecole Coloniale
165
,
166–7
,
172

extent of
144

institutional structure
172–3

legal system
165–6

male suffrage in
163

in North America (Louisiana Purchase)
163
,
160–61

slavery, abolition of
163–4

unrest in
163
,
175