Civilization: The West and the Rest (63 page)

43
. Taithe,
Killer Trail
.

44
. Echenberg,
Colonial Conscripts
, p. 18.

45
. Cohen,
Rulers of Empire
, p. 38.

46
. Lunn,
Memoirs of the Maelstrom
, p. 62.

47
. Marr,
Vietnamese Anticolonialism
. For full English text, see
www.fsmitha.com/h2/y14viet.html
.

48
. Gardiner, ‘French Impact on Education’, p. 341.

49
. Sabatier, ‘ “Elite” Education in French West Africa’.

50
. See in general Acemoglu et al., ‘Disease and Development’.

51
. Iliffe,
Africans
, p. 70.

52
. Cohen,
Rulers of Empire
, p. 23.

53
. MacLeod and Lewis (eds.),
Disease, Medicine and Empire
, p. 7.

54
.
Punch
, 16 September 1903.

55
. MacLeod and Lewis (eds.),
Disease, Medicine and Empire
.

56
. Echenberg, ‘Medical Science’; Marcovich,
French Colonial Medicine
.

57
. See e.g. Beck, ‘Medicine and Society’.

58
. Conklin,
Mission
, pp. 56f.

59
. Ibid., pp. 51ff.

60
. Ibid., pp. 48ff.

61
. Robiquet (ed.),
Discours et opinions
, pp. 199–201, 210–11.

62
. Cohen,
Rulers of Empire
, p. 74.

63
. Ibid., p. 77.

64
. Van Beusekom,
Negotiating Development
, p. 6.

65
. Schneider, ‘Smallpox in Africa’.

66
. Ngalamulume, ‘Keeping the City Totally Clean’, p. 199.

67
. Wright,
Conflict on the Nile
. See also Daly, ‘Omdurman and Fashoda’; Chipman,
French Power
, p. 53.

68
. Gide,
Travels in the Congo
, p. 35.

69
. Crowder,
Senegal
, pp. 4ff.

70
. Yansané, ‘Impact of France’, p. 350; Gifford and Louis,
France and Britain
, p. 697.

71
. Betts, ‘Establishment of the Medina’; Cruise O’Brien,
White Society
, p. 54. Cf. Smith,
Vietnam
, pp. 88f.

72
. Cohen,
Rulers of Empire
, p. 49. Cf. Betts,
Assimilation and Association
, pp. 64, 152.

73
. Echenberg,
Black Death
.

74
. Rohrbach,
Deutsche Kolonialwirtschaft
, vol. I, pp. 330–33. Cf. Steer,
Judgment
, p. 61.

75
. Madley, ‘Patterns’, p. 169.

76
. Deutsch,
Emancipation without Abolition
.

77
. Steer,
Judgment
, pp. 55ff.

78
. Seiner,
Bergtouren
, pp. 267–78.

79
. Olusoga and Erichsen,
Kaiser’s Holocaust
, p. 118.

80
. Gewald,
Herero Heroes
, pp. 146ff.

81
. Rust,
Krieg und Frieden
, pp. 6–15; Anon.,
Rheinische Mission
, pp. 10–16; Leutwein,
Elf Jahre Gouverneur
, pp. 466–7; Kuhlmann,
Auf Adlers Flügeln
, pp. 42f.

82
. Olusoga and Erichsen,
Kaiser’s Holocaust
, p. 139.

83
. Full text in Gewald, ‘Great General’, p. 68.

84
. Zimmerer, ‘First Genocide’, p. 37.

85
. Gewald,
Herero Heroes
, p. 173. For a contemporary German account, Bayer,
Mit dem Hauptquartier
, pp. 161–7.

86
. Drechsler,
Südwestafrika unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft
, pp. 251–79. Cf. Olusoga and Erichsen,
Kaiser’s Holocaust
, p. 235.

87
. Ibid., p. 224.

88
. Fischer,
Rehobother Bastards
, pp. 302f.

89
. Eiermann, ‘The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly’.

90
. Rohrbach,
Aus Südwest-Afrikas schweren Tagen
, pp. 177f.

91
. For a good overview of a now large literature, see Madley, ‘From Africa to Auschwitz’.

92
. The point is well made in Mazower,
Dark Continent
.

93
. Strachan,
First World War in Africa
.

94
. Strachan,
To Arms
, p. 95.

95
. Conklin,
Mission
, pp. 146–59.

96
. Lunn,
Memoirs of the Maelstrom
, p. 78.

97
. Ibid., p. 69.

98
. Ibid., p. 71.

99
. Ibid., p. 139.

100
. Eichacker, ‘Blacks Attack!’

101
. Smith et al.,
France and the Great War
, p. 128.

102
. Lunn,
Memoirs of the Maelstrom
, p. 140.

103
. Winter,
Great War
, p. 75; Beckett and Simpson (eds.),
Nation in Arms
, p. 11.

104
. Kipling, ‘France at War’, pp. 341f.

105
. See in general McCullum,
Military Medicine
.

106
. Olusoga and Erichsen,
Kaiser’s Holocaust
, pp. 284f.

107
. Evans, ‘Anthropology at War’.

108
. Madley, ‘From Africa to Auschwitz’, pp. 453ff. See in general Weindling,
Health, Race and German Politics
.

109
. Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire
, pp. 147, 584.

110
. Levine, ‘Film and Colonial Memory’.

111
. Riley, ‘Health Transitions’, table 4.

112
. Iliffe,
Africans
, pp. 251–3.

113
. Singer and Langdon,
Cultured Force
, p. 20.

114
. Tai, ‘Politics of Compromise’.

115
. Saxe, ‘Changing Economic Structure’.

116
. Centre d’Informations Documentaires,
Work of France
, p. 17.

117
. Hochschild,
Leopold’s Ghost
.

118
. Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire
, p. 205.

119
. Ibid., pp. 152, 286.

120
. Ibid., p. 137.

121
. Ibid., p. 149.

122
. Ibid., p. 256.

123
. Ibid., p. 248.

124
. Fieldhouse,
Black Africa
.

CHAPTER 5: CONSUMPTION

1
. Okuefuna,
Wonderful World of Albert Kahn
.

2
. Galeano,
Open Veins
, p. 47.

3
. Crafts, ‘British Economic Growth’, table 6.1.

4
. Clark,
Farewell to Alms
, figure 9.2.

5
. Gildea,
Barricades and Borders
, pp. 6, 145, 181.

6
. Mokyr,
Industrial Revolution
, p. 109.

7
. Esteban, ‘Factory Costs’, figure 1.

8
. Allen,
British Industrial Revolution
, p. 156.

9
. Morris,
Why the West Rules
, p. 497.

10
. Jones, ‘Living the Enlightenment’.

11
. Morris,
Why the West Rules
, p. 491.

12
. See especially McKendrick et al.,
Birth of a Consumer Society
.

13
. Berg, ‘Pursuit of Luxury’.

14
. Vries, ‘Purchasing Power’.

15
. Berg, ‘Imitation to Invention’.

16
. Findlay and O’Rourke,
Power and Plenty
, tables 6.2 and 6.4.

17
. La Porta et al., ‘Law and Finance’, ‘Investor Protection’ and ‘Economic Consequences’.

18
. O’Brien et al., ‘Political Components’. See also Leunig, ‘British Industrial Success’, p. 93.

19
. Guinnane et al., ‘Putting the Corporation in its Place’; Lamoreaux, ‘Scylla or Charybdis?’

20
. Allen,
British Industrial Revolution
.

21
. Parthasarathi, ‘Rethinking Wages’.

22
. Pollard,
Peaceful Conquest
.

23
. See Fowler Mohanty,
Labor and Laborers of the Loom
, esp. p. 76. On the wider ramifications of cotton cultivation, see Dattel,
Cotton and Race
.

24
. Clark,
Farewell to Alms
, p. 267.

25
. Farnie, ‘Role of Merchants’, pp. 20ff.

26
. Darwin,
Origin
, chs. 3, 4 and 14.

27
. Ferguson, ‘Evolutionary Approach’.

28
. Carlyle,
Past and Present
, Book I, chs. 1–4, Book IV, chs. 4, 8.

29
. Kaelble,
Industrialization and Social Inequality
.

30
. Evans,
Death in Hamburg
.