Citizen Emperor (181 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 14 . | Anka Muhlstein, Napoléon à Moscou (Paris, 2007), pp. 16–17. |
| 15 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , pp. 283–5. |
| 16 . | Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise , pp. 22, 24 and 26; Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 163. |
| 17 . | Chandler, Campaigns of Napoleon , pp. 763, 775; Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , ii. p. 265. |
| 18 . | Fain, Manuscrit de mil huit cent douze , i. p. 75; Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 , pp. 27–8. Also, citing Tuchkov, in Serge Nabokov and Sophie de Lastours, Koutouzov: le vainqueur de Napoléon (Paris, 1990), p. 156. |
| 19 . | Corr. xxiii. n. 18855 (22 June 1812). |
| 20 . | Sayve, Souvenirs de Pologne , pp. 146–7; Denniée, Itinéraire de l’empereur Napoléon , p. 27; Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 , pp. 46–8. They were treated even worse on the return leg of the invasion. See, for example, Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 363–4. |
| 21 . | Cited in Marie-Christiane Torrance, ‘Some Russian Attitudes to France in the Period of the Napoleonic Wars as Revealed by Russian Memoirs (1807–14)’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy , 86c (1986), 293; Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , pp. 77, 92–3. |
| 22 . | Christopher Duffy, Borodino and the War of 1812 (London, 1972), pp. 53–5; Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , p. 77; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 124–5. It is an exaggeration to claim, however, that Alexander and Barclay de Tolly had outsmarted Napoleon. |
| 23 . | Bailleu (ed.), Briefwechsel König Friedrich Wilhelm , n. 198 (14 May 1811), pp. 219–22. |
| 24 . | Wilhelm von Oncken, Österreich und Preußen im Befreiungs-Kriege: urkundliche Aufschlüße über die politische Geschichte des Jahres 1813 , 2 vols (Berlin, 1876–9), ii. pp. 611–14 (13 August 1811). |
| 25 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 125–32, 149. Lieven believes that this kind of mission was little more than an excuse for intelligence gathering. Balashev was, in fact, accompanied by a young intelligence officer, Mikhail Orlov. |
| 26 . | Palmer, Alexander I , pp. 226–7; Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , p. 96. |
| 27 . | Sayve, Souvenirs de Pologne , p. 169; François, Journal , p. 645 (28 June 1812); Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 167. |
| 28 . | For the former, Ségur, Histoire et mémoires , iv. p. 148; Denniée, Itinéraire de l’empereur Napoléon , p. 24; and for the latter, Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 167. |
| 29 . | See also Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , pp. 86, 93–4, 95–6, 101–3 104; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 150. |
| 30 . | Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , pp. 104–5; Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , p. 132. |
| 31 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 151. |
| 32 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. pp. 168, 173. Napoleon was supposedly helped to believe that the Russians would stand and fight by an agent in Lithuania who passed on disinformation (Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 148, and on other ‘missions’, pp. 149–50). |
| 33 . | Tatistcheff, Alexandre Ier et Napoléon , pp. 588–609; Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 171. |
| 34 . | Cited in Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 159. |
| 35 . | Tatistcheff, Alexandre Ier et Napoléon , p. 606; Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 160. |
| 36 . | Emmanuel de Waresquiel (ed.), Lettres d’un lion: correspondance inédite du général Mouton, comte de Lobau (1812–1815) (Paris, 2005), p. 59 (30 June 1812). |
| 37 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 47; Coignet, Note-Books , p. 207; B. T. Duverger, Mes Aventures dans la Campagne de Russie (Paris, 1833), p. 4. |
| 38 . | Denniée, Itinéraire de l’empereur Napoléon , pp. 21–2. Henri-Pierre Everts, ‘Campagne et captivité de Russie (1812–1813): extraits des Mémoires inédits du général-major H. p. Everts’, in Carnets et journal sur la campagne de Russie (Paris, 1997), p. 120, and Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 167, both give a figure of 10,000 dead horses. |
| 39 . | Corr. xxiv. n. 18925 (8 July 1812). |
| 40 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 186; Curtis Cate, The War of the Two Emperors: The Duel between Napoleon and Alexander – Russia, 1812 (New York, 1985), p. 255. Half of those again were lost at the battle of Borodino. |
| 41 . | Alexander M. Martin, ‘Lost Arcadia: The 1812 War and the Russian Images of Aristocratic Womanhood’, European History Quarterly , 37 (2007), 611–14. |
| 42 . | Aubin Dutheillet de Lamothe, Mémoires du lieutenant-colonel Aubin Dutheillet de Lamothe (Brussels, 1899), p. 39. |
| 43 . | Roos, Souvenirs , p. 84; Georges de Chambray, Histoire de l’expédition de Russie , 2 vols (Paris, 1823), i. pp. 103–6, 111–13. |
| 44 . | François, Journal , p. 645 (29 June 1812); Antony Brett-James, 1812: Eyewitness Accounts (New York, 1966), pp. 53–5. |
| 45 . | Fain, Manuscrit de mil huit cent douze , i. pp. 227–8. |
| 46 . | Roos, Souvenirs , p. 84. |
| 47 . | Coignet, Note-Books , p. 215. Similarly, Everts, ‘Campagne et captivité de Russie’, p. 125. |
| 48 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 228. |
| 49 . | These figures vary according to the source. Before the arrival of the army at Vilnius, according to Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , ii. p. 278, more than 30,000 were roaming the countryside. |
| 50 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 309. |
| 51 . | Ducque, Journal , p. 11; Roos, Souvenirs , p. 81. |
Other books
The Demon and the Succubus by Ryan, Cassie
Wasteland Rules: Born to Fight (The World After Book 2) by J.G. Martin
The Confession by Olen Steinhauer
Decoded by Jay-Z
Ryder: Hitman Mafia Romance by Lexi Cross
Renegade (Bad Blooded Rebel Series) by George, Mellie
The Cry of the Halidon by Robert Ludlum
Jim Steinmeyer by The Last Greatest Magician in the World
Cocksure by Mordecai Richler
A Girl Named Zippy by Haven Kimmel
