Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane (86 page)

Giustiniani, Vincenzo, Cardinal 132, 175, 210–211; patron and protector to C. 237, 238–44, 245, 298–9, 309, 382;
A Discourse on Music
130, 133

Glykon (Athenian sculptor) 92

The Golden Legend
: martyrdom of St Andrew 348; martyrdom of St Lucy 396; martyrdom of St Matthew 199; martyrdom of St Ursula 423

Gomes de Azevedo, Fra Giovanni, Valletta brawl investigator 387

Gonzaga, Ferdinando, Cardinal, intercedes for C.’s pardon 426

Gramatica, Antiveduto, employs C. 78

Gregory XIII, Pope 48, 68, 79

Gualdo, Paolo 151–3

Gualfreducci, Onofrio 131

Guicciardini, Piero 168

gypsies, attitudes towards 106–10

Habsburg empire 10, 18, 335–8

Henri IV, King of France, conversion to Catholic Faith 69, 116–17

heresy: searching out in Milan 30; suppression of in Rome 66, 69, 70

Hibbard, Howard, biography of C. 87

Holy League, war with Ottoman empire 14

Holy Roman Empire: Protestant and Muslim threats 19–20; relations with papacy 20, 21–2

holy-water, sprinkling of 27–8

homo-erotic elements, in C.’s art 87, 150–51, 154, 241–4, 412–13

homosexuality rumours, about C. 4–5, 122–3, 150–51, 247–8, 271, 412, 416

honour, individual
fama
64

Humiliati, suppressed by Borromeo 26

Ignatius Loyola, St,
Spiritual Exercises
31–2, 38

ignudi
paintings 226–8, 241, Plate 47,
see also
nude modelling

Immaculate Conception, doctrine of 306

immigration, Neapolitan problem 337–8

Index librorum prohibitorum
30, 69

Inquisition: in Malta 368; Roman 30; Spanish 25; Venetian 34–5

Instructiones
for priests (Borromeo’s) 26–7, 35

Italians: aristocracy 11–12, 16, 336; regional rivalries 73

James I, King of England 69

James II, King of England 77

James VI, king of Scotland 14

Jerome, St: on the gospel of Matthew 235;
for paintings of see
under
Caravaggio: paintings

Jesuits: attitude towards the poor 103; Borromeo and 29, 31–2; C.’s brother Giovan Battista 53

Jews: Black Death ‘pogroms’ 46–7; in Naples 336–7

John of Austria, Don (Don Juan de Austria) 14, 47

Julius II, Pope 227, 404

Kaiser-Friedrich Museum (Berlin) 175, 234

Kilian, Wolfgang, engraving of criminal trial in Malta 391–2, Plate 79

Kimbell Art Museum (Fort Worth, Texas) 98

Knights of St John of Malta 11, 358–61; auberges and langues 367–8; C. and 361–2, 370, 374–7, 380–81, 391–2, 403–4, 438; efforts to recapture C. 399, 402; offences and penalties 369–70, 385; public morality and private behaviour 368; qualifications for entry 370; sequestrate C.’s last paintings in Naples 435–6; trial and defrocking of C. 390–91, 438; Venerable Council 369, 372, 387, 388, 391,
see also
Malta

Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna) 352

La Tour, Georges de 99, 202, 439

landscape painting 81; in C.’s
The Sacrifice of Isaac
275; Dutch and Flemish 80

Laocoön
(sculpture) 94

Laparelli, Francesco, plans Valletta 366

The Last Temptation of Christ
(Scorsese) 442

Laureti, Tommaso,
The Triumph of Christianity
68

lazzaretti
103; Milan 49–50

Lazzari, Giovan Battista de’, commissions
The Resurrection of Lazarus
404, 405

lazzari
, in Naples 338, 340, 349

Le Blanc, Horace 205

Lena (prostitute) 294, 298;
Madonna of the Palafrenieri
305, 308,
see also
Antognetti, Lena

Leo XI, Pope 283–4

Leonardo da Vinci: picture of the Virgin more real than life 93–4;
Last Supper
17;
Medusa
157–8

Leoni, Ottavio: portrait of Caravaggio 188, Plate 1; portrait of Del Monte 113, Plate 18

Lepanto, battle (1571) 14, 15, 352, 361

Lewis, Audwyn, Bishop of Cassano 71

light and shade
see
darkness and light

The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects
(Vasari) 7, 41, 93–4, 96, 157

Lomazzo, Gerolamo 54

Lomazzo, Gian Paolo, cult of Bacchus and 84

Lomellini, Francesco 374, 376

Longhi, Martino, the Elder 116, 170

Longhi, Onorio 170–74, 204–9, 282, 443; Baglione libel case 254–6; in court for threatening behaviour 267–9; witness at Ranuccio’s murder 314, 317, 318, 320–21, 322, 325

Longhi, Roberto: on the
Basket o
f Fruit
135; on
The Death of the Virgin
310; on the
Madonna
of the Palafrenieri
308; reputation of C. rehabilitated 440–41; Roberto Longhi Foundation (Florence) 93; on the
Sick Bacchus
83–4

Longhi, Stefano 171, 206–7, 209

Lorenzo Siciliano 76, 78, 82

Loreto Holy House 269, 288–90

Louvre (Paris) 98, 373

Loyola, Ignatius
see
Ignatius Loyola, St

Luca (barber-surgeon) 163–4, 166, 434

Luther, Martin 22, 306

Machiavelli 30

Madii, Pietro Antonio de, witness to fight 276

Magno, Giovanni, agent for the Duke of Mantua 354–5

Malaspina, Ippolito: contact in Malta for C. 363–4, 388;
St Jerome in His Study
(Caravaggio) 371–2

Malta: immigration regulations 362–3; Maltese people 367; pages obliterated in Justice archive 386–7, 420; prostitutes 367, 369; Siege of (1565) 360–61,
see also
Knights of St John of Malta

Mancini, Deifebo (brother of Giulio) 417, 421

Mancini, Giulio 5, 6, 8–9, 12, 58–9, 97, 138, 297, 401; on the Bacchus painting by C. 83; C. in Cesari’s workshop 81–2, 91; C.’s brother not recognised 187; on C.’s flight from Rome 330; C’s hoped for patrons 77, 91; C.’s last days 427; on C.’s
sfregiato
417;
Death of the Virgin
and 311–13, 353–4; friendship with Del Monte 120–21; on
The Gypsy
Fortune-Teller
99, 109, 138; on a papal pardon for C. 421;
on Ranuccio’s murder 314; work at Santo Spirito Hospital 120

Mander, Karel van 161–2, 277;
Schilderboek
245

Manet, Edouard 398;
Olympia
175

Manfredi, Bartolomeo 99

Mannerists/Mannerism 35, 39, 41, 54, 91, 160, 161, 203, 219, 344

Manso, Giovanni Battista 340–41

Marchese, Giacomo, jokes about morality 368

Marciana Library (Venice), copy of Mancini’s life of C. 59

Marino, Giambattista 341, 401;
La Galeria
(poem) 382–3

marriage, Milan and 16

Martelli, Fra Antonio 388, 391; in Messina 403–4; portrait of by C. 372–3

Martin, Gregory 177–8

Martinelli, Pietro Paolo 281–2

martyrology, Counter Reformation 147–8, 183, 395

Mary Magdalen, St: popularity of 138–9;
Mary Magdalen
(lost Alban Hills painting) 330

Masetti, Fabio (d’Este agent) 299–300, 303–4, 316–17, 323, 334, 357–8

Massa, Lanfranco, ships
St Ursula
painting to Genoa 425

Matha, Fra Philiberto de, Valletta brawl investigator 387

Mattei family, C. and 220–21, 234

Mattei, Asdrubale 221

Mattei, Ciriaco 221, 225–6, 228, 230, 245

Mattei, Geronimo, witness in Prudenza/Fillide case 179–80

Mattei, Giovanni Battista 226

Mattei, Girolamo, Cardinal, patron of C. 220–21, 230

Mattei collection 225

Mauruzi, Lancilotto, testimonial letter 269–70

Mazzoni, Guido (sculptor) 40, Plate 4

Mean Streets
(Scorsese) 442, Plate 88

Medici family, Perseus myth 158–9

Medici, Alessandro de’, elected as Pope Leo XI 283

Medici, Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Florence and Tuscany 115

Medici, Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Florence and Tuscany 168

Medici, Ferdinando de’, Cardinal (
later
Grand Duke) 115–16, 118, 121, 123, 124, 155, 156, 158; Fra Antonio Martelli and 372–3; Onorio Longhi and 173

Medici, Marie de’ 116

Medici collections 155, 156, 157

medieval arts, C. and 41–2

meditation: Franciscan 32–3, 38; Ignatius Loyola and 31–2, 38

Meditations on the Life of Christ
(Franciscan tract) 32–3

Megiser, Hieronymus, on Malta 367

Melandroni, Fillide
see
Fillide Melandroni

Memlinc, Hans 94

Menici, Francesco fu, testifies for Toppa 319

Merisi, Bernardino (grandfather of C.) 9–10, 51, 52

Merisi, Caterina (sister of C.) 45, 57, 186

Merisi, Fermo (father of C.) 8, 9–10, 14, 16, 44–5, 51, 52

Merisi, Giovan Battista (brother of C.) 44–5, 53, 57, 58, 186–7

Merisi, Giovan Pietro (brother of C.) 45

Merisi (née Aratori), Lucia (mother of C.) 9; connections with Colonna clan 10, 12, 14; survives plague 44–5, 52–3; illness and death 57

Merisi, Ludovico (uncle of C.) 57, 76

Merisi, Michelangelo
see
Caravaggio

Merisi, Pietro (uncle of C.) 51

Messina 393, 402–13

Methodus Confessionis
(confessors manual) 43

Michelangelo Buonarroti 33–4, 39, 57;
ignudi
paintings and C. 226–8, 241, Plate 47; St Peter’s Basilica 67, 114; Sistine Chapel ceiling 160–61, 197, 226–8, 235–6, 240, 404;
Conversion of St Paul
and
Martyrdom of St Peter
212, 214;
The Creation of Adam
197, 240, Plate 39;
The Flagellation of Christ
(red chalk sketch) 345–6;
Judith and Holofernes
181–2;
The Last Judgement
225;
Pietà
146, 279, 280, Plate 37;
The Rape of Ganymede
124;
The Rondanini Pietà
405;
The Sacrifice of Moses
228;
Sleeping Cupid
383–4;
Victory
241

Milan 15–22, 24–8; Borromeo’s
famiglia armata
25, 35; bubonic plague (1576-8) 44–52, 398; Lomazzo’s cult of Bacchus 84; reputation as sin city 58; ruled by Spain 18–22, 58

Milton, John 341

Minniti, Mario 76–7, 82, 168, 256, 392, 394, 400, 443; models for C. 77, 86, 125, 154, 195, Plate 31

Mirabella, Vincenzo 395; the ‘Ear of Dionysus’ 400–402

miracle plays, influence on C.’s paintings 142

mirrors: alleged used as light reflector by C. 92, 272, 303; used for self-portraits 83–4, 272

mises-en-scène
: in C.’s art 214, 280; sculptures 37–40, 201

models, courtesans and harlots 175–84, 288, 295–8, 305, 308, 311–12,
see also
prostitution

Modern art, little interest in C. 440

Montaigne, Michel de, description of Rome 65–7, 68, 70, 74

Montefeltro, Federigo da 76, 119

Montoya, Pedro 131, 132–3, Plate 24

Moryson, Fynes 17

Munster, Sebastian 235

murder, allegations about C. 58–9

Murtola, Gaspare, madrigal praising C.’s
Gypsy
109–10

Museo di Capodimonte (Naples) 345

music: castrati 131, 132–3; liturgical 127, 130; musical paintings 124–34, 142; opera 129–30; polyphony and monody contrasted 128–9;
stile rappresentativo
128–30, 131

Muziano, Girolamo, and the Contarelli Chapel 191

Naples 20, 334–8; C. in (1606–1607) 334, 339–52, 355–8; C. in (1609–10) 413–21, 425–37

Nashe, Thomas,
The Unfortunate Traveller
(novel) 73

National Gallery of Ireland (Dublin) 228

National Gallery (London) 85, 93, 221, 404

Nativity scenes:
The Adoration of the Shepherds
(Caravaggio) 409–11, 412, Plate 78; Palermo altarpiece by C. 413; sculpted
mises-en-scène
37, 410; Titian and Peterzano 35, 54–5

Navagna, Pompeo (barber-surgeon) 316

Nelson-Atkins Museum (Kansas City) 277

Neri, Filippo, St 104, 115–16, 149–50, 352

nude modelling 75,
see also
ignudo

Olgiati, Bernardo (papal treasurer) 80

opera, origin of 129–30

Oratorio of San Lorenzo (Palermo), Nativity by C. 413

Oratory, Order of the 104, 116, 119, 151; C.’s
Entombment of Christ
altarpiece 278–80, Plate 36

Original Sin, Borromeo’s doctrine of 24–5

Orsi, Prospero (painter of grotesques) 91–2, 97, 163, 165–6, 168, 245

Ottoman Empire, versus Venice and the Holy League 13–14

Ottoman Turks, siege of Malta (1565) 360–61

Padri Crociferi (Messina), altarpiece 404–9

painting technique of C.: canvas preferred by C. 118, 194, 214; cropping and occlusion 398;
di sotto in sù
160–61; failing in
The Denial of St Peter
421–3; flowers and fruit (still life) 80–82, 85, 134–7, 223; intensity of his images 42–3; low-toned palette 65; naturalism in his work 6–7, 8, 31, 92, 95, 126, 138, 143, 177, 183, 197, 409; no preparatory drawing 55–6, 185, 438; period and style 350–51; scene setting 185; a self-taught artist 437–8; sources of ideas 231; stops using models 331; style change in the Alban Hills 330;

painting technique –
cont
.

use of colour 58, 64, 87, 95, 118, 144; use of lights 185–6, 232, 272, 302–3, 438; weak neck and shoulder modelling 87, 141; wet-in-wet 185,
see also
darkness and light; realism in art; Still Lifes

Palafrenieri, Confraternity of the, altarpiece by C. 305–8

Palazzo Farnese ceiling 69, 142–3, 212, 244, Plate 8

Palazzo Madama Plate 18; Del Monte’s collections 117–19