Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane (84 page)

Index

Accademia de’ Lincei (Rome) 401

Accademia de San Luca (guild of painters) 78, 203, 204, 205, 293, 355, 356, 357

Accademia degli Ozioso 341

Accademia del Disegno (Florence) 381

Accarigi, Fra Giulio, in Valletta brawl with C. 387–8

Acquaviva, Claudio, Cardinal 127, 129, 249

Acre, Siege of (1291) 359

Adoration of the Magi
(Titian) 35

Adoration of the Shepherds
(Peterzano) 54–5, Plate 7

Agony in the Garden
(Campi) 35

Alban Hills, C. in hiding 329–34

Alberti, Leonbattista 16

alchemy, Del Monte and 1
19–20
, 160

Aldato, Corporal Paulo, witness at Ranuccio’s murder 317, 319

Aldobrandini, Cinzio Passeri, Cardinal 178

Aldobrandini, Olimpia 137–8, 177–8, 282

Aldobrandini, Pietro, Cardinal 121, 137

Alicati, Francesco, apprenticed to Peterzano 54

allegory, in C.’s
Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto
160–61

altarpieces (by Caravaggio):
The Adoration of the Shepherds
(stolen) 413, Plate 82;
The Adoration of the Shepherds
(Messina) 409–11, 412, Plate 78;
The Beheading of St John
375, 377–80, 385, 389, 391, 397, 398, Plate 79, endpapers;
The Burial of St Lucy
395–400, 402, 406, 407, Plate 83;
The Calling of St Matthew
193–7, 202–3, Plate 38;
The Death of the Virgin
220, 277, 302, 309–13,
314, 350, 353–5, 426, Plate 52
;
The Entombment of Christ
116, 278–81, 350, Plate 36;
The Madonna of Loreto
116, 269, 277, 288–93, 301, 350, Plate 63;
The Madonna of the Palafrenieri
42, 305–9, 331,

altarpieces –
cont.

Plate 64;
The Madonna of the Rosary
349–53, Plate 62;
The Martyrdom of St Matthew
193–4, 197–204, P
late 40;
Nativity . . .
(Oratori
o o
f San Lorenzo) (Palermo) 413
;

Radolovich altarpiece (lost) 339, 340; rejected 72, 213–14, 236–8, 280, 307–9, 311–12, 350–51, 353;
The Resurrection of Christ
414–15;
The Resurrection of Lazarus
52, 404–9, Plate 77;
Salome’s Servant with the head of St John the Baptist in a basin
404, 418; Santa Maria di Constantinopoli altarpiece (lost) 269–70;
The Seven Acts of Mercy
339–45, 350, Plate 70;
see also
Caravaggio: paintings

altarpieces (other artists): Baglione
The Resurrection
249; Carracci
Assumption of the Virgin
212–13, Plate 43; Cobaert (Contarelli chapel) 191–2, 234; Saraceni 312, Plate 53; Titian
St Peter Martyr
201

Amayden, Dirck van, biographer of Del Monte 121–3

Ambrose, St (Bishop of Milan) 17, 25

Ambrosiana Library (Milan) 134

A
nguissola, Sofonisba 96, Plate 13

animals, painting of 81

Anne of Denmark (wife of James I) 69

Annunciation to the Shepherds
(Bassano) 36

Antella, Francesco dell’ (secretary to Wignacourt) 374–5, 388; and C.’s
Sleeping Cupid
381–4; friendship with C. 381

anti-Caravaggist movement, after C.’s death 439

Antognetti, Lena (prostitute) 296–7

Apelles of Kos 380–81, 383

Apollo Sauroctonus
(
Lizard Apollo
) (sculpture) 94

Aratori, Giovan Giacomo
(grandfather of C.) 10, 12, 56–7

Aratori, Lucia (mother of C.)
see
Merisi (née Aratori), Lucia (mother of C.)

Aratori, Margherita (aunt of C.) 11

Arcadelt, Jacques, madrigals 133–4

archaeology, religious 147–8

Archilei, Vittoria (soprano) 127–9, 130, 133

Aretino, Pietro 114

Ariosto 30

aristocracy: Italian fluidity 11–12; Milanese celibacy 16; Neapolitan 336

Aristotle, theatrical genres in
Poetics
107

Arpino, Cavaliere d’
see
Cesari, Giuseppe

art: Borghese papacy and 286, 304–5, 307–8; Borromeo and 35–8, 42, 55; Byzantine art influence on C. 405, 406–7; changing views on Christian art 273; Clement VIII and 68–9, 71–2, 272–3; donor portraits 290–91, 352; hierarchy of painting modes 8
1; paintings as aid to religious
meditation 33–6, 55, 137–50, 290–93; sacred and profane 150–55, 181, 227, 308–9

art history, Vasari’s view of 41

artists: artists props 271–2, 273–4; artists’ supplies 75, 76; competition and rivalry 75–6, 91–2, 157, 245, 274, 275, 299–300, 303–4; esteem for C. 355; Rome artists’ quarter 72–3; temperament of 168

Augustine, St 333

Augustinian Friars 210

avvisi
: account of pardon for C. 426; accounts of the Ranuccio killing 314–16; reports death of C. 428

Bacchus, paintings by C. 73, 82–5, 90–91, 153–5, 333

Bacchus and Ariadne
(Titian) 85, Plate 15

Baglione, Giovanni 5–6, 7, 8, 58, 76, 443; account of C.’s ambush and the reason 417–18, 419–20; accuses C. of arranging his murder 355–7; accuses C. of sodomy 247–8; on the
Boy Bitten by a Lizard
93, 97; C. and Del Monte 113, 117, 193; on C. in Malta 386, 387, 390; on C. in Sicily 399, 413; on the Contarelli Chapel paintings 202–3, 236; C.’s last days 426–7, 431; district
caporione
286; envy and conflict with C. 245–8; gold chain awarded by Benedetto Giustiani 246, 251, 265, 362; knighted 356, 362; libel case against C. 254–67; on
The Lute Player
flowers 134; made
principe
of the Accademia di San Luca 356; on
The Madonna of Loreto
292–3; opinion of C. 91, 272–3; on the paintings for Cerasi 213; on Ranuccio’s murder 314, 317; on the
Self-Portrait as Bacchus
83; target of libellous poems 249–54, 361–2; on
The Entombment of Christ
279; on
The Musicians
125–6; threatened by Longhi 267–9;
Divine Love Overcoming Earthly Love
245–7, 249, 265, Plate 57;
The Resurrection
249, Plate 58

banditti
, in Sicily 394

baptistries, in
The Martyrdom of St Matthew
200

Bardi, Arnolfo, surety for C. 267

Baronio, Cesare 119

Basile, Giambattista, orgies in the Cerriglio 416

Bassano, Jacopo,
Annunciation to the Shepherds
36

Bauldewyn, Noel (composer) 142

Bazzi, Giovanni Antonio (Il
Sodoma
) 248

Beccafumi, Domenico 248

Bellintano, Fra Paolo 49–50

Bellori, Giovanni Pietro 5, 6, 7, 8, 58, 94; anti-Caravaggist 439; appearance of C. 166, 167, 272; on
The Betrayal of Christ
23, 229, 232; on C. in Malta 386, 387, 390; on C. in Naples 339; C. returns to Naples 413; C. in Rome 64, 76, 81, 90; on C. in Sicily 404, 413; Cesari rejected by C. 91–2; on
The Conversion of St Paul
216; on
The Crucifixion of St Andrew
347; on
The Crucifixion of St Peter
219; C.’s desire to be a Knight of St John 361; on C.’s flight from Rome 330, 334; on C.’s last days 426–7; dark and black colouring 144, 166, 184, 185–6, 219, 232, 303; on the first
St Matthew and the Angel
236, 237, 238; on
Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto
159–60; on
The Lute Player
132; on
The Madonna of Loreto
292–3; on
The Martyrdom of St Matthew
197–8; on
The Musicians
125–6; on the papal portrait 304–5; on the portrait of De Vignacourt 373; on Ranuccio’s murder 314; on the rejected Palafrenieri Madonna 308; on
The Rest on the Flight to Egypt
141; on
The Supper at Emmaus
223–4; on
The Entombment of Christ
279, 281; theory regarding ambush of C. 418, 419

Benavente, Don Juan Alonso Pimentel y Herrera, Conde de 347

Benzi, Francesco, in Valletta brawl with C. 387–8

Berenson, Bernard, on
The Crucifixion of St Peter
218–19

Bernini, Gianlorenzo 63–4

Bertacchi, Pellegrino (d’Este agent) 317

Bertucci, Antinoro, artists’ supplies 75, 76

Bianchi, Orazio 205

Bianchini, Anna, models for C. 176, 177, 297, Plate 32

Bisciola, Paolo, plague rumours and commentary 47, 51

Black Death (14thC) 46–7,
see also
plague

Boccaccio,
Decameron
30

Bonaventure, St,
Life of St Francis
145–6

Boneri, Francesco (Cecco) 247, 248, 270–71, 272, 273, 274, 329, 332, 365, 443, Plates 46, 56

Bonifacio, Giovanni, manual on deportment 172–3

books, Index of banned books 30, 69

Borghese papacy, ushers in full Baroque style 286, 309

Borghese, Camillo, elected Pope Paul V 286–7

Borghese, Scipione, Cardinal: acquires early paintings by C. 83, 333; bargains C.’s unsold pictures for a papal pardon 426; patron of C. 286, 301, 307–8, 309, 333–4; search for C.’s last paintings 428, 429, 431, 432–3, 435–6, 437

Borgianni, Orazio, accused of plotting against Baglione 356–7

Borromeo, Carlo, St, Cardinal Archbishop 58, 67; admiration for Neri 116; asceticism 23–4, 27, 36, 219, 309; attempt to purify Milan 24–31; Catholic zeal of 22–31, 55; clashes with Spanish rulers 25; collaboration with Sixtus V 67; ecclesiastical appointments 23; educational concerns 26, 53; instructions regarding baptistries 200; Jesuit influence 31–2; pieties out of fashion 273; pilgrimage 38; plague year edicts 45, 47–50; portrait of Plate 6; private army (
famiglia armata
) 25, 35, 48; procession to avert the plague 50–51; and religious art 35–8, 42, 55, 140; sight is the origin of sin 43–4; theatricality of 36–7, 219

Borromeo, Federico 23, 134–5, 136–7, 149–50, 223

Bosio, Antonio,
Roma Sotterranea
147

Bosio, Giacomo 359, 374, 381

Botero, Giovanni, Italian stereotypes 73

Botticelli,
The Birth of Venus
244

Boulogne, Valentin de 439

Bramante, Donato (architect) 67

Bronora, Tella, affray with Prudenza Zacchia 178, 180

Bruegel, Jan 94, 134, 353

Bruni, Prudentia (C.’s landlady) 270, 283; ceiling damage and
deturpatio
302–3; seizes C.’s possessions 301–2, 303

Bruno, Giordano, burned at the stake (1600) 69

bubonic plague
see
plague

Buonarroti, Michelangelo the Younger 384,
see also
Michelangelo Buonarroti

Burke, Peter, translates documents about rogues and beggars 102

bust-length heads: painting 76,
see also
portraiture

Butio, Hippolito 209

Byron, Lord George 366

Caccini, Giulio 130

Caffarelli, G.‘P.,
The Families of Rome
170, 178

Caimi, Bernardino,
sacro monte
37–8

Caltagirone 393

Calvi, Menica (Menicuccia) (courtesan) 282, 298

camerini
(music rooms) 130–32

Campanella, Tommaso,
The City of the Sun
341

Campi, Antonio,
Agony in the Garden
35

Canonico, Flavio, wounded by C. 204–5, 209

Capaccio, Giulio Cesare (Naples administrator) 335, 337, 344

Capeci, Giovanni Andrea, passport official for Malta 363

Capitoline Museum (Rome) 98, 225

Caramano, Alessandro (boatman) 425–6, 430–31, 433–4

Caravaggio: biographers 3–6, 7, 8–9, 87; birth and early life 5, 8–9, 13, 15–16, 26, 52–3; appearance of 163, 166, 167, 272; portrait of by Leoni 188, Plate 1; connections with Colonna clan
see
under
Colonna; family deaths due to plague 51–2; family links severed 186–8; apprenticed to Peterzano 35, 53–6, 57; artistic ambition 81, 90–91, 383–4; character and temperament 44, 56, 58–9, 64, 73, 91–2, 161–75, 204–9, 273, 275–7, 295–8, 361–2, 385–6, 401–2; contemporary criticism 203–4, 206, 213, 439; influence of Borromeo 42–3, 44, 219, 407; links with St Filippo Neri 116; personal problems and painter’s block 283; plays guitar 133; religious belief 27–8, 411; suggestions of homosexuality 4–5, 122–3, 150–51, 247–8, 271, 412, 416; the swordsman 16, 165–7, 322; gold chain awarded by Wignacourt 385; signature of 379, 380, 392; with Cesari in Rome 79–85, 91, 95, 362; conflict with Baglione 245–7, 249–64, 267, 273, 341, 355–7, 361–2; rivalry with Carracci 143, 212–13, 219–20, 224, 264; rented house in Rome 270–73, 283, 301–3; fights and fracas in Rome 162–6, 204–9, 275–7, 281–3, 287–8, 293–8, 303–4; pimping, alleged 296–8; flees to Genoa after Pasqualone fight 298–300; bad blood with Ranuccio Tomassoni leads to duel 178, 181, 209, 298, 313–25; in hiding in the Alban Hills 329–34, 351; Naples (1606–1607) 334, 339–52, 355–8; Malta 358, 361–2, 365–91; Sicily
see
in more detail at
Messina; Palermo; Syracuse; Naples (1609–1610) 413–21, 435–7; last journey, death, burial 425–35; patrons 90–91, 97–8
see
in more detail under
Costa; Del Monte; Giustiniani; Mattei; his dog: Corvo 399; influence of C. on cinema 441–2; influence of C. on other artists 42, 98–9, 202, 347, 353, 372, 439

Caravaggio - paintings:
St Matthew and the Angel
(first) 234–7, 240, 309;
The Adoration of the Shepherds
(stolen) 413, Plate 82;
The Adoration of the Shepherds
(Messina) 409–11, 412, Plate 78;
Bacchus
153–5, 161, Plate 31;
Basket of Fruit
134–7, 223, Plate 25;
The Beheading of St John
375, 377–80, 385, 389, 391, 397, 398, Plate 79, endpapers;
The Betrayal of Christ
228–32, 349, Plate 48;
Boy with a Basket of Fruit
82–3, 85–91, 333, Plate 11;
Boy Bitten by a Lizard
93–7, 100, Plate 12;
Boy Peeling a Fruit
77–8, Plate 10;
The Burial of St Lucy
395–400, 402, 406, 407, Plate 83;
The Calling of St Matthew
117, 193–7, 202–3, 210, 215, 222, 224, 236, 384, 407, Plate 38;
The Cardsharps
98, 99–106, 118, 196, Plate 16;
The Conversion of St Paul
40, 209, 213–17, 292, 440, 441, Plates 41, 43, 44;
The Crucifixion of St Andrew
347–9, 350, 358, 379, 398, Plate 73;
The Crucifixion of St Peter
40, 210, 217–20, 230, 292, 346, Plates 42, 43;
David with the Head of Goliath
332–4, 426, Plate 68;
The Death of the Virgin
220, 277, 302, 309–13, 314, 350, 353–5, 426, Plate 52;
The Denial of St Peter
421–3, Plate 84;
Doubting Thomas
238–40, Plate 54;
The Entombment of Christ
116, 278–81, 350, Plate 36;
The Flagellation of Christ
345–9, Plate 72;
The Gypsy Fortune-Teller
98–101, 104, 106–10, 118, Plate 17;
Judith and Holofernes
40, 181–3, 185, 441, Plate 35;
Judith and Holofernes
(lost painting) 350, 352;
Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto
159–61, Plate 30;
The Lute Player
132–4, Plate 24;
The Madonna of Loreto
116, 269, 277, 288–93, 301, 350, Plate 63;
The Madonna of the Palafrenieri
42, 305–9, 331, Plate 64;
The Madonna of the Rosary
349–53, Plate 62;
Martha and Mary Magdalen
176–8, 181, 184, 185, 272, Plate 32;
The Martyrdom of St Matthew
193–4, 197–204, 379, Plate 40;
The Martyrdom of St Ursula
423–5, 432, Plate 85;
Mary Magdalen
(lost Alban Hills painting) 330;
Medusa
156–9, 272, Plate 20;
The Musicians
124–6, 131–2, 144, Plate 21;
Omnia vincit amor
240–44, 245–6, 247, 273, 382, Plate 56;
The Penitent Magdalen
137–41, 176, Plate 26;
Portrait of Alof