Brand Luther: How an Unheralded Monk Turned His Small Town Into a Center of Publishing, Made Himself the Most Famous Man in Europe--And Started the Protestant Reformation (59 page)

23
. Benzing 1875–85. There was also a Latin translation and a later translation into Danish.

24
. Karant-Nunn, “Reality,” 142. Paul F. Grendler,
Schooling in Renaissance Venice
(Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1989), 44.

25
. John L. Flood, “Lucas Cranach as Publisher,”
German Life and Letters
48 (1995), 241–61.

26
. Between them they were responsible for 86 percent of the 1,623 books published in Wittenberg between 1530 and 1546.

27
. Hans Volz, “Die Arbeitsteilung der Wittenberger Buchdrucker zu Luthers Lebzeiten,”
Gutenberg-Jahrbuch
(1957), 146–54.

28
. Georg Buchwald, “Kleine Notizen aus Rechnungsbüchern des Thüringischen Staatsarchivs (Weimar),”
Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte
31 (1934), 209–14.

29
. Hans Volz, “Zur Geschichte des Wittenberger Buchdrucks, 1544–47,”
Gutenberg-Jahrbuch
(1963), 113–19.

30
. Luther to Melanchthon. WABr V, 350-351.
Letters
II, 318, n. 13. Jonas to Luther, June 13, 1530. WABr V, 361.

31
. Benzing 2780–87.

32
. Caspar Huberinus,
On the Wrath and Mercy of God
(Wittenberg: Rhau, 1534). USTC 702629.
Prefaces
II, 69.

33
.
Prefaces
I, 285. The preface, addressed to Brenz, is dated August 26, 1530.

34
. Luther to Katharina, August 15, 1530. WABr V, 545–46.
Letters
II, 403.

35
. Luther to Katharina, September 8, 1530. WABr V, 608–9.
Letters
II, 418.

36
. Benzing 2891.

37
. Mark U. Edwards,
Luther and the False Brethren
(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1975), 91–93.

38
. Luther to Capito, July 9, 1537. WABr VIII, 99–100. See also
Letters
III, 172 n. 7.

39
. Above, chapter 4.

40
.
Christlike Ordeninge der Stadt Gottingen
(Wittenberg: Hans Lufft, 1531). USTC 622153.
Prefaces
I, 312.

41
. Preface to Justus Menius,
Defense and Thorough Explanation
(Wittenberg: Hans Lufft, 1526).
Prefaces
I, 189.

42
. Allyson F. Creasman,
Censorship and the Civic Order in Reformation Germany, 1517–1648
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012)
,
for a survey.

43
. Wengert, “Wittenberg’s Earliest Catechisms,” 250–51. USTC 656100.

44
. Above, chapter 7.

45
. Wengert, “Wittenberg’s Earliest Catechisms,” 254.

46
. Luther to John Frederick, July 9, 1539. WABr VIII, 491.
Letters
III, 186–87.

47
. Between 1539 and 1600 Wittenberg published 7,366 editions to Leipzig’s 4,660. USTC.

48
. The story is told by Luther in the
Tischreden
. WATR IV, no. 4690.

49
. Huberinus,
On the Wrath and Mercy of God
.
Prefaces
II, 66–69.

50
. Anton Corvinus,
Quatenus Expediat Aeditam Recens
Erasmi de Sarcienda Ecclesiae Concordia Rationem Sequi
(Wittenberg: Schirlentz, 1534). USTC 689386.
Prefaces
II, 60.

51
. Vicky Rothe, “Wittenberger Buchgewerbe und -handel im 16. Jahrhundert,” in Heiner Lück et al., eds.,
Das ernestinische Wittenberg: Stadt und Bewohner.
Wittenberg-Forschungen, 2.1 (Petersberg: Michael Imhof, 2013), 77–90.

Chapter Eleven: Endings

1
. Benzing 1508–20. WA 11, 245–80. LW 45, 75–129.

2
. W.D.J. Cargill Thompson,
The Political Thought of Martin Luther
(Brighton: Harvester, 1984), 1.

3
. Examples in Martin Brecht,
Martin Luther: The Preservation of the Church,
1532
–
1546
(Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990), 3.

4
. Bernhard Lohse,
Martin Luther
(Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1986), 43.

5
. Quoted in ibid., 111–12.

6
. Richard Andrew Cahill,
Philipp of Hesse and the Reformation
(Mainz: Zabern, 2001), 152.

7
. Cited in Mark U. Edwards,
Luther’s Last Battles: Politics and Polemics, 1531–1546
(Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2004), 28.

8
. Benzing 2908–24.

9
. Christoph Volkmar,
Reform Statt Reformation. Die Kirchenpolitik Herzog Georges von Sachsen, 1488–1525
(Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008).

10
. Edwards,
Last Battles,
47.

11
. Benzing 2935–41.

12
. Benzing 3063–68, 3074–75.

13
. Brecht,
Preservation of the Church,
205–15.

14
. Ibid., 65.

15
. Paola Zambelli, ed.,
“Astrologi Hallucinati”: Stars and the End of the World in Luther’s Time
(Berlin: De Gruyter, 1986).

16
.
Prefaces
I, 182.

17
. Jennifer Spinks,
Monstrous Births and Visual Culture in Sixteenth-Century Germany
(London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009), 59–79.

18
. Benzing 1548–57.

19
.
Prefaces
I, 183.

20
. Brecht,
Preservation of the Church,
9.

21
. On this issue see especially Adam S. Francisco,
Martin Luther and Islam
(Leiden: Brill, 2007). Edwards,
Last Battles,
97–114.

22
. Benzing 2701–10, 2711–23.

23
. Benzing 3378–89. WA 51, 585–625. LW 43, 213–41.

24
.
Prefaces
II, 294.

25
.
Prefaces
II, 255, 260.

26
.
Prefaces
II, 264.

27
. Francisco,
Luther and Islam,
217 ff.

28
. Johann Eck,
Ains Juden Büechlins Verlegung: Darin Christ Gantzer Christenhait zu Schmach Will es Geschehe den Juden Unrecht in Bezichtigung der Christen Kinder Mordt
(Ingolstadt: Alexander I Weißenhorn, 1541). USTC 610531. David Bagchi, “Catholic Anti-Judaism in Reformation Germany: The Case of Johann Eck,” in Diana Wood, ed.,
Christianity and Judaism,
Studies in Church History 29 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 253–63. R. Po-chia Hsia,
The Myth of Ritual Murder: Jews and Magic in Reformation Germany
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).

29
. There is a copious literature on these writings; for a measured treatment see Edwards,
Last Battles,
and most recently Thomas Kaufmann,
Luthers Judenschriften
(Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2011).

30
. Cited in Edwards,
Last Battles,
121. WA 11, 314–36. LW 45, 195–229. Benzing 1530–42, with a Latin translation by Justus Jonas.

31
. Benzing 3293–95.

32
. WA 53, 417–552. LW 47, 121–306.

33
. Benzing 3436–42, 3428–29.

34
. Benzing 3424–25.There is a single edition of a Latin translation by Justus Jonas. Benzing 3426.

35
. USTC 633193. The printer was Joseph Klug.

36
. Benzing 3369–76. WA 51, 469–572. LW 41, 179–256.

37
. Edwards,
Last Battles,
146–47.

38
. Benzing 3373–76.

39
. Benzing 3497–3502. WA 54, 206–99, LW 41, 257–376.

40
. Quoted in Edwards,
Last Battles,
183.

41
. The illustrations were sometimes also published as a separate pamphlet. See R. W. Scribner, “Demons, Defecation and Monsters: Popular Propaganda for the German Reformation,” in his
Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany
(London: Hambledon Press, 1987), 277–99.

42
. Edwards,
Last Battles,
199.

43
. Martin Luther,
Ein wälische Lügenschrift von Doctoris Martini Luthers Tod
(Wittenberg: Hans Lufft, 1545). Benzing 3491–93. WA 54, 192–94. LW 34, 363–66. The translation is from Hans J. Hillerbrand,
The Reformation in Its Own Words
(London: SCM Press, 1964), 403–4.

44
. Hillerbrand,
Reformation in Its Own Words
, 409.

45
. USTC.

46
. USTC.

Chapter Twelve: Legacy

1
. The definitive study is Ruth Kastner,
Geistliche Rauffhandel: Form und Funktion der illustrierten Flugblätter zum Reformationsjubiläum 1617 in ihrem historischen und publizistischen Kontext
(Bern: Peter Lang, 1982). Also excellent is Charles Zika, “The Reformation Jubilee of 1617: Appropriating the Past Through Centenary Celebration,” in his
Exorcizing Our Demons: Magic, Witchcraft and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe
(Leiden: Brill, 2003), 197–236.

2
. Zika, “Reformation Jubilee,” 215.

3
. Christian Juncker,
Das guldene und silbere Ehren-Gedächtniss des Theuren Gottesleben D. Martini Lutheri
(Frankfurt and Leipzig: Endner, 1706; repr., Stuttgart: Steinkopf, 1982).

4
. John Roger Paas,
The German Political Broadsheet 1600–1700,
vol. 2,
1616–1619
(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1986), 207–84, 296–98, 301–11, 335–37.

5
. Above, chapter 3.

6
. Four versions in Paas,
German Political Broadsheet,
274–77. Hans Volz, “Der Traum Kurfürst Friedrichs des Weisen vom 30./31. Oktober 1517,”
Gutenberg-Jahrbuch
(1970), 174–211.

7
. For the plays, Robert Kolb, “The Hero of the Reformation: Popular Presentations of Luther in Maturing Lutheranism,” in his
Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, and Hero
(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 121–34.

8
. In consequence he died, not in Wittenberg, but in Weimar.

9
. For these meetings see especially Irene Dingel, “The Culture of Conflict in the Controversies Leading to the Formula of Concord (1580),” in Robert Kolb, ed.,
Lutheran Ecclesiastical Culture, 1550–1675
(Leiden: Brill, 2008), 15–64. Clyde Leonard Manschreck,
Melanchthon: The Quiet Reformer
(New York: Abingdon Press, 1958).